module Database.HDBC.SqlValue ( -- * SQL value marshalling SqlValue(..), safeFromSql, toSql, fromSql, nToSql, iToSql, posixToSql ) where import Data.Dynamic import qualified Data.ByteString.UTF8 as BUTF8 import qualified Data.ByteString as B import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BSL import Data.Char(ord,toUpper) import Data.Word import Data.Int import qualified System.Time as ST import Data.Time import Data.Time.Clock.POSIX import Database.HDBC.Locale (defaultTimeLocale, iso8601DateFormat) import Data.Ratio import Data.Convertible import Data.Fixed quickError :: (Typeable a, Convertible SqlValue a) => SqlValue -> ConvertResult a quickError sv = convError "incompatible types" sv {- | Convert a value to an 'SqlValue'. This function is simply a restricted-type wrapper around 'convert'. See extended notes on 'SqlValue'. -} toSql :: Convertible a SqlValue => a -> SqlValue toSql = convert {- | Conversions to and from 'SqlValue's and standard Haskell types. This function converts from an 'SqlValue' to a Haskell value. Many people will use the simpler 'fromSql' instead. This function is simply a restricted-type wrapper around 'safeConvert'. -} safeFromSql :: Convertible SqlValue a => SqlValue -> ConvertResult a safeFromSql = safeConvert {- | Convert from an 'SqlValue' to a Haskell value. Any problem is indicated by calling 'error'. This function is simply a restricted-type wrapper around 'convert'. See extended notes on 'SqlValue'. -} fromSql :: Convertible SqlValue a => SqlValue -> a fromSql = convert {- | Converts any Integral type to a 'SqlValue' by using toInteger. -} nToSql :: Integral a => a -> SqlValue nToSql n = SqlInteger (toInteger n) {- | Convenience function for using numeric literals in your program. -} iToSql :: Int -> SqlValue iToSql = toSql {- | Convenience function for converting 'POSIXTime' to a 'SqlValue', because 'toSql' cannot do the correct thing in this instance. -} posixToSql :: POSIXTime -> SqlValue posixToSql x = SqlPOSIXTime x {- | 'SqlValue' is he main type for expressing Haskell values to SQL databases. /INTRODUCTION TO SQLVALUE/ This type is used to marshall Haskell data to and from database APIs. HDBC driver interfaces will do their best to use the most accurate and efficient way to send a particular value to the database server. Values read back from the server are constructed with the most appropriate 'SqlValue' constructor. 'fromSql' or 'safeFromSql' can then be used to convert them into whatever type is needed locally in Haskell. Most people will use 'toSql' and 'fromSql' instead of manipulating 'SqlValue's directly. /EASY CONVERSIONS BETWEEN HASKELL TYPES/ Conversions are powerful; for instance, you can call 'fromSql' on a SqlInt32 and get a String or a Double out of it. This class attempts to Do The Right Thing whenever possible, and will raise an error when asked to do something incorrect. In particular, when converting to any type except a Maybe, 'SqlNull' as the input will cause an error to be raised. Conversions are implemented in terms of the "Data.Convertible" module, part of the convertible package. You can refer to its documentation, and import that module, if you wish to parse the Left result from 'safeFromSql' yourself, or write your own conversion instances. Here are some notes about conversion: * Fractions of a second are not preserved on time values * There is no @safeToSql@ because 'toSql' never fails. See also 'toSql', 'safeFromSql', 'fromSql', 'nToSql', 'iToSql', 'posixToSql'. /ERROR CONDITIONS/ There may sometimes be an error during conversion. For instance, if you have a 'SqlString' and are attempting to convert it to an Integer, but it doesn't parse as an Integer, you will get an error. This will be indicated as an exception if using 'fromSql', or a Left result if using 'safeFromSql'. /SPECIAL NOTE ON POSIXTIME/ Note that a 'NominalDiffTime' or 'POSIXTime' is converted to 'SqlDiffTime' by 'toSql'. HDBC cannot differentiate between 'NominalDiffTime' and 'POSIXTime' since they are the same underlying type. You must construct 'SqlPOSIXTime' manually or via 'posixToSql', or use 'SqlUTCTime'. /DETAILS ON SQL TYPES/ HDBC database backends are expected to marshal date and time data back and forth using the appropriate representation for the underlying database engine. Databases such as PostgreSQL with builtin date and time types should see automatic conversion between these Haskell types to database types. Other databases will be presented with an integer or a string. Care should be taken to use the same type on the Haskell side as you use on the database side. For instance, if your database type lacks timezone information, you ought not to use ZonedTime, but instead LocalTime or UTCTime. Database type systems are not always as rich as Haskell. For instance, for data stored in a TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE column, HDBC may not be able to tell if it is intended as UTCTime or LocalTime data, and will happily convert it to both, upon your request. It is your responsibility to ensure that you treat timezone issues with due care. This behavior also exists for other types. For instance, many databases do not have a Rational type, so they will just use the show function and store a Rational as a string. The conversion between Haskell types and database types is complex, and generic code in HDBC or its backends cannot possibly accomodate every possible situation. In some cases, you may be best served by converting your Haskell type to a String, and passing that to the database. /UNICODE AND BYTESTRINGS/ Beginning with HDBC v2.0, interactions with a database are presumed to occur in UTF-8. To accomplish this, whenever a ByteString must be converted to or from a String, the ByteString is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding, and will be decoded or encoded as appropriate. Database drivers will generally present text or string data they have received from the database as a SqlValue holding a ByteString, which 'fromSql' will automatically convert to a String, and thus automatically decode UTF-8, when you need it. In the other direction, database drivers will generally convert a 'SqlString' to a ByteString in UTF-8 encoding before passing it to the database engine. If you are handling some sort of binary data that is not in UTF-8, you can of course work with the ByteString directly, which will bypass any conversion. Due to lack of support by database engines, lazy ByteStrings are not passed to database drivers. When you use 'toSql' on a lazy ByteString, it will be converted to a strict ByteString for storage. Similarly, 'fromSql' will convert a strict ByteString to a lazy ByteString if you demand it. /EQUALITY OF SQLVALUE/ Two SqlValues are considered to be equal if one of these hold. The first comparison that can be made is controlling; if none of these comparisons can be made, then they are not equal: * Both are NULL * Both represent the same type and the encapsulated values are considered equal by applying (==) to them * The values of each, when converted to a string, are equal. /STRING VERSIONS OF TIMES/ Default string representations are given as comments below where such are non-obvious. These are used for 'fromSql' when a 'String' is desired. They are also defaults for representing data to SQL backends, though individual backends may override them when a different format is demanded by the underlying database. Date and time formats use ISO8601 date format, with HH:MM:SS added for time, and -HHMM added for timezone offsets. /DEPRECATED CONSTRUCTORS/ 'SqlEpochTime' and 'SqlTimeDiff' are no longer created automatically by any 'toSql' or 'fromSql' functions or database backends. They may still be manually constructed, but are expected to be removed in a future version. Although these two constructures will be removed, support for marshalling to and from the old System.Time data will be maintained as long as System.Time is, simply using the newer data types for conversion. -} data SqlValue = SqlString String | SqlByteString B.ByteString | SqlWord32 Word32 | SqlWord64 Word64 | SqlInt32 Int32 | SqlInt64 Int64 | SqlInteger Integer | SqlChar Char | SqlBool Bool | SqlDouble Double | SqlRational Rational | SqlLocalDate Day -- ^ Local YYYY-MM-DD (no timezone) | SqlLocalTimeOfDay TimeOfDay -- ^ Local HH:MM:SS (no timezone) | SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay TimeOfDay TimeZone -- ^ Local HH:MM:SS -HHMM. Converts to and from (TimeOfDay, TimeZone). | SqlLocalTime LocalTime -- ^ Local YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS (no timezone) | SqlZonedTime ZonedTime -- ^ Local YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS -HHMM. Considered equal if both convert to the same UTC time. | SqlUTCTime UTCTime -- ^ UTC YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS | SqlDiffTime NominalDiffTime -- ^ Calendar diff between seconds. Rendered as Integer when converted to String, but greater precision may be preserved for other types or to underlying database. | SqlPOSIXTime POSIXTime -- ^ Time as seconds since midnight Jan 1 1970 UTC. Integer rendering as for 'SqlDiffTime'. | SqlEpochTime Integer -- ^ DEPRECATED Representation of ClockTime or CalendarTime. Use SqlPOSIXTime instead. | SqlTimeDiff Integer -- ^ DEPRECATED Representation of TimeDiff. Use SqlDiffTime instead. | SqlNull -- ^ NULL in SQL or Nothing in Haskell deriving (Show) instance Typeable SqlValue where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "SqlValue" instance Eq SqlValue where SqlString a == SqlString b = a == b SqlByteString a == SqlByteString b = a == b SqlWord32 a == SqlWord32 b = a == b SqlWord64 a == SqlWord64 b = a == b SqlInt32 a == SqlInt32 b = a == b SqlInt64 a == SqlInt64 b = a == b SqlInteger a == SqlInteger b = a == b SqlChar a == SqlChar b = a == b SqlBool a == SqlBool b = a == b SqlDouble a == SqlDouble b = a == b SqlRational a == SqlRational b = a == b SqlLocalTimeOfDay a == SqlLocalTimeOfDay b = a == b SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay a b == SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay c d = a == c && b == d SqlLocalTime a == SqlLocalTime b = a == b SqlLocalDate a == SqlLocalDate b = a == b SqlZonedTime a == SqlZonedTime b = zonedTimeToUTC a == zonedTimeToUTC b SqlUTCTime a == SqlUTCTime b = a == b SqlPOSIXTime a == SqlPOSIXTime b = a == b SqlDiffTime a == SqlDiffTime b = a == b SqlEpochTime a == SqlEpochTime b = a == b SqlTimeDiff a == SqlTimeDiff b = a == b SqlNull == SqlNull = True SqlNull == _ = False _ == SqlNull = False a == b = ((safeFromSql a)::ConvertResult String) == ((safeFromSql b)::ConvertResult String) instance Convertible String SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlString instance Convertible SqlValue String where safeConvert (SqlString x) = return x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = return . BUTF8.toString $ x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = return . show $ x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = return . show $ x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = return . show $ x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = return . show $ x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = return . show $ x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = return [x] safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return . show $ x safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = return . show $ x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = return . show $ x safeConvert (SqlLocalDate x) = return . formatTime defaultTimeLocale (iso8601DateFormat Nothing) $ x safeConvert (SqlLocalTimeOfDay x) = return . formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%T%Q" $ x safeConvert (SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay tod tz) = return $ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%T%Q " tod ++ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%z" tz safeConvert (SqlLocalTime x) = return . formatTime defaultTimeLocale (iso8601DateFormat (Just "%T%Q")) $ x safeConvert (SqlZonedTime x) = return . formatTime defaultTimeLocale (iso8601DateFormat (Just "%T%Q %z")) $ x safeConvert (SqlUTCTime x) = return . formatTime defaultTimeLocale (iso8601DateFormat (Just "%T%Q")) $ x safeConvert (SqlDiffTime x) = return $ showFixed True fixedval where fixedval :: Pico fixedval = fromRational . toRational $ x safeConvert (SqlPOSIXTime x) = return $ showFixed True fixedval where fixedval :: Pico fixedval = fromRational . toRational $ x safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = return . show $ x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = return . show $ x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y #ifdef __HUGS__ instance Typeable B.ByteString where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "ByteString" #endif instance Convertible B.ByteString SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlByteString instance Convertible SqlValue B.ByteString where safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = return x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y safeConvert x = safeConvert x >>= return . BUTF8.fromString instance Convertible BSL.ByteString SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlByteString . B.concat . BSL.toChunks instance Convertible SqlValue BSL.ByteString where safeConvert x = do bs <- safeConvert x return (BSL.fromChunks [bs]) instance Convertible Int SqlValue where safeConvert x = do i <- ((safeConvert x)::ConvertResult Int64) return $ SqlInt64 i instance Convertible SqlValue Int where safeConvert (SqlString x) = read' x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (read' . BUTF8.toString) x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return (if x then 1 else 0) safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert (SqlUTCTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlDiffTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlPOSIXTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y instance Convertible Int32 SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlInt32 instance Convertible SqlValue Int32 where safeConvert (SqlString x) = read' x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (read' . BUTF8.toString) x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = return x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return (if x then 1 else 0) safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y instance Convertible Int64 SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlInt64 instance Convertible SqlValue Int64 where safeConvert (SqlString x) = read' x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (read' . BUTF8.toString) x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = return x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return (if x then 1 else 0) safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y instance Convertible Word32 SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlWord32 instance Convertible SqlValue Word32 where safeConvert (SqlString x) = read' x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (read' . BUTF8.toString) x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = return x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return (if x then 1 else 0) safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y instance Convertible Word64 SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlWord64 instance Convertible SqlValue Word64 where safeConvert (SqlString x) = read' x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (read' . BUTF8.toString) x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = return x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return (if x then 1 else 0) safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = viaInteger y fromIntegral safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y instance Convertible Integer SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlInteger instance Convertible SqlValue Integer where safeConvert (SqlString x) = read' x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (read' . BUTF8.toString) x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = return x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return (if x then 1 else 0) safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlLocalDate x) = return . toModifiedJulianDay $ x safeConvert (SqlLocalTimeOfDay x) = return . fromIntegral . fromEnum . timeOfDayToTime $ x safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlZonedTime x) = return . truncate . utcTimeToPOSIXSeconds . zonedTimeToUTC $ x safeConvert (SqlUTCTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlDiffTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlPOSIXTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = return x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = return x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y instance Convertible Bool SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlBool instance Convertible SqlValue Bool where safeConvert y@(SqlString x) = case map toUpper x of "TRUE" -> Right True "T" -> Right True "FALSE" -> Right False "F" -> Right False "0" -> Right False "1" -> Right True _ -> convError "Cannot parse given String as Bool" y safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (safeConvert . SqlString . BUTF8.toString) x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = numToBool x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = numToBool x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = numToBool x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = numToBool x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = numToBool x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = numToBool (ord x) safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return x safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = numToBool x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = numToBool x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = numToBool x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = numToBool x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y numToBool :: Num a => a -> ConvertResult Bool numToBool x = Right (x /= 0) instance Convertible Char SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlChar instance Convertible SqlValue Char where safeConvert (SqlString [x]) = return x safeConvert y@(SqlString _) = convError "String length /= 1" y safeConvert y@(SqlByteString x) = case B.length x of 1 -> safeConvert . SqlString . BUTF8.toString $ x _ -> convError "ByteString length /= 1" y safeConvert y@(SqlInt32 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlInt64 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlWord32 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlWord64 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlInteger _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlChar x) = return x safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return (if x then '1' else '0') safeConvert y@(SqlDouble _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlRational _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlEpochTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlTimeDiff _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y instance Convertible Double SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlDouble instance Convertible SqlValue Double where safeConvert (SqlString x) = read' x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (read' . BUTF8.toString) x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = return . fromIntegral . fromEnum $ x safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return (if x then 1.0 else 0.0) safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = return x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = ((safeConvert y)::ConvertResult Integer) >>= (return . fromIntegral) safeConvert (SqlLocalTimeOfDay x) = return . fromRational . toRational . timeOfDayToTime $ x safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlZonedTime x) = safeConvert . SqlUTCTime . zonedTimeToUTC $ x safeConvert (SqlUTCTime x) = return . fromRational . toRational . utcTimeToPOSIXSeconds $ x safeConvert (SqlDiffTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlPOSIXTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y instance Convertible Rational SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlRational instance Convertible SqlValue Rational where safeConvert (SqlString x) = read' x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (read' . BUTF8.toString) x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlChar x) = return . fromIntegral . fromEnum $ x safeConvert (SqlBool x) = return $ if x then fromIntegral (1::Int) else fromIntegral (0::Int) safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = return x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = ((safeConvert y)::ConvertResult Integer) >>= (return . fromIntegral) safeConvert (SqlLocalTimeOfDay x) = return . toRational . timeOfDayToTime $ x safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlZonedTime x) = safeConvert . SqlUTCTime . zonedTimeToUTC $ x safeConvert (SqlUTCTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlDiffTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlPOSIXTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y #ifndef TIME_GT_113 instance Typeable Day where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "Day" instance Typeable TimeOfDay where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "TimeOfDay" instance Typeable LocalTime where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "LocalTime" instance Typeable ZonedTime where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "ZonedTime" instance Typeable DiffTime where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "DiffTime" instance Typeable TimeZone where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "TimeZone" #endif instance Typeable ST.ClockTime where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "ClockTime" instance Typeable ST.TimeDiff where typeOf _ = mkTypeName "TimeDiff" instance Convertible Day SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlLocalDate instance Convertible SqlValue Day where safeConvert (SqlString x) = parseTime' (iso8601DateFormat Nothing) x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = safeConvert (SqlString (BUTF8.toString x)) safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = return $ ModifiedJulianDay {toModifiedJulianDay = fromIntegral x} safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = return $ ModifiedJulianDay {toModifiedJulianDay = fromIntegral x} safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = return $ ModifiedJulianDay {toModifiedJulianDay = fromIntegral x} safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = return $ ModifiedJulianDay {toModifiedJulianDay = fromIntegral x} safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = return $ ModifiedJulianDay {toModifiedJulianDay = x} safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = return $ ModifiedJulianDay {toModifiedJulianDay = truncate x} safeConvert (SqlRational x) = safeConvert . SqlDouble . fromRational $ x safeConvert (SqlLocalDate x) = return x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlLocalTime x) = return . localDay $ x safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . localDay safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . localDay safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . localDay safeConvert y@(SqlEpochTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . localDay safeConvert y@(SqlTimeDiff _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlNull) = quickError y instance Convertible TimeOfDay SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlLocalTimeOfDay instance Convertible SqlValue TimeOfDay where safeConvert (SqlString x) = parseTime' "%T%Q" x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = safeConvert (SqlString (BUTF8.toString x)) safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = return . timeToTimeOfDay . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = return . timeToTimeOfDay . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = return . timeToTimeOfDay . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = return . timeToTimeOfDay . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = return . timeToTimeOfDay . fromInteger $ x safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = return . timeToTimeOfDay . fromIntegral $ ((truncate x)::Integer) safeConvert (SqlRational x) = safeConvert . SqlDouble . fromRational $ x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlLocalTimeOfDay x) = return x safeConvert (SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay tod _) = return tod safeConvert (SqlLocalTime x) = return . localTimeOfDay $ x safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . localTimeOfDay safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . localTimeOfDay safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . localTimeOfDay safeConvert y@(SqlEpochTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . localTimeOfDay safeConvert y@(SqlTimeDiff _) = quickError y safeConvert y@SqlNull = quickError y instance Convertible (TimeOfDay, TimeZone) SqlValue where safeConvert (tod, tz) = return (SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay tod tz) instance Convertible SqlValue (TimeOfDay, TimeZone) where safeConvert (SqlString x) = do tod <- parseTime' "%T%Q %z" x tz <- case parseTime defaultTimeLocale "%T%Q %z" x of Nothing -> convError "Couldn't extract timezone in" (SqlString x) Just y -> Right y return (tod, tz) safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = safeConvert (SqlString (BUTF8.toString x)) safeConvert y@(SqlInt32 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlInt64 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlWord32 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlWord64 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlInteger _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlDouble _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlRational _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay x y) = return (x, y) safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlZonedTime x) = return (localTimeOfDay . zonedTimeToLocalTime $ x, zonedTimeZone x) safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlEpochTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlTimeDiff _) = quickError y safeConvert y@SqlNull = quickError y instance Convertible LocalTime SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlLocalTime instance Convertible SqlValue LocalTime where safeConvert (SqlString x) = parseTime' (iso8601DateFormat (Just "%T%Q")) x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = safeConvert (SqlString (BUTF8.toString x)) safeConvert y@(SqlInt32 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlInt64 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlWord32 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlWord64 _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlInteger _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlDouble _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlRational _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlLocalTime x) = return x safeConvert (SqlZonedTime x) = return . zonedTimeToLocalTime $ x safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . zonedTimeToLocalTime safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . zonedTimeToLocalTime safeConvert y@(SqlEpochTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . zonedTimeToLocalTime safeConvert y@(SqlTimeDiff _) = quickError y safeConvert y@SqlNull = quickError y instance Convertible ZonedTime SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlZonedTime instance Convertible SqlValue ZonedTime where safeConvert (SqlString x) = parseTime' (iso8601DateFormat (Just "%T%Q %z")) x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = safeConvert (SqlString (BUTF8.toString x)) safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = safeConvert (SqlInteger (fromIntegral x)) safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = safeConvert (SqlInteger (fromIntegral x)) safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = safeConvert (SqlInteger (fromIntegral x)) safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = safeConvert (SqlInteger (fromIntegral x)) safeConvert y@(SqlInteger _) = safeConvert y >>= return . utcToZonedTime utc safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlDouble _) = safeConvert y >>= return . utcToZonedTime utc safeConvert y@(SqlRational _) = safeConvert y >>= return . utcToZonedTime utc safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlZonedTime x) = return x safeConvert (SqlUTCTime x) = return . utcToZonedTime utc $ x safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . utcToZonedTime utc safeConvert y@(SqlEpochTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . utcToZonedTime utc safeConvert y@(SqlTimeDiff _) = quickError y safeConvert y@SqlNull = quickError y instance Convertible UTCTime SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlUTCTime instance Convertible SqlValue UTCTime where safeConvert (SqlString x) = parseTime' (iso8601DateFormat (Just "%T%Q")) x safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = safeConvert (SqlString (BUTF8.toString x)) safeConvert y@(SqlInt32 _) = safeConvert y >>= return . posixSecondsToUTCTime safeConvert y@(SqlInt64 _) = safeConvert y >>= return . posixSecondsToUTCTime safeConvert y@(SqlWord32 _) = safeConvert y >>= return . posixSecondsToUTCTime safeConvert y@(SqlWord64 _) = safeConvert y >>= return . posixSecondsToUTCTime safeConvert y@(SqlInteger _) = safeConvert y >>= return . posixSecondsToUTCTime safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlDouble _) = safeConvert y >>= return . posixSecondsToUTCTime safeConvert y@(SqlRational _) = safeConvert y >>= return . posixSecondsToUTCTime safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlZonedTime x) = return . zonedTimeToUTC $ x safeConvert (SqlUTCTime x) = return x safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = convError "incompatible types (did you mean SqlPOSIXTime?)" y safeConvert (SqlPOSIXTime x) = return . posixSecondsToUTCTime $ x safeConvert y@(SqlEpochTime _) = safeConvert y >>= return . posixSecondsToUTCTime safeConvert y@(SqlTimeDiff _) = convError "incompatible types (did you mean SqlPOSIXTime?)" y safeConvert y@SqlNull = quickError y stringToPico :: String -> ConvertResult Pico stringToPico s = let (base, fracwithdot) = span (/= '.') s shortfrac = drop 1 fracwithdot -- strip of dot; don't use tail because it may be empty frac = take 12 (rpad 12 '0' shortfrac) rpad :: Int -> a -> [a] -> [a] -- next line lifted from Data.Time rpad n c xs = xs ++ replicate (n - length xs) c mkPico :: Integer -> Integer -> Pico -- next line also lifted from Data.Time mkPico i f = fromInteger i + fromRational (f % 1000000000000) in do parsedBase <- read' base parsedFrac <- read' frac return (mkPico parsedBase parsedFrac) instance Convertible NominalDiffTime SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlDiffTime instance Convertible SqlValue NominalDiffTime where safeConvert (SqlString x) = stringToPico x >>= return . realToFrac safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = (stringToPico (BUTF8.toString x)) >>= return . realToFrac safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = return . fromRational . toRational $ x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = return . fromRational $ x safeConvert (SqlLocalDate x) = return . fromIntegral . (\y -> y * 60 * 60 * 24) . toModifiedJulianDay $ x safeConvert (SqlLocalTimeOfDay x) = return . fromRational . toRational . timeOfDayToTime $ x safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlZonedTime x) = return . utcTimeToPOSIXSeconds . zonedTimeToUTC $ x safeConvert (SqlUTCTime x) = return . utcTimeToPOSIXSeconds $ x safeConvert (SqlDiffTime x) = return x safeConvert (SqlPOSIXTime x) = return x safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert y@SqlNull = quickError y instance Convertible ST.ClockTime SqlValue where safeConvert x = safeConvert x >>= return . SqlPOSIXTime instance Convertible SqlValue ST.ClockTime where safeConvert (SqlString x) = do r <- read' x return $ ST.TOD r 0 safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = safeConvert . SqlString . BUTF8.toString $ x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = return $ ST.TOD (fromIntegral x) 0 safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = return $ ST.TOD (fromIntegral x) 0 safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = return $ ST.TOD (fromIntegral x) 0 safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = return $ ST.TOD (fromIntegral x) 0 safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = return $ ST.TOD x 0 safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = return $ ST.TOD (truncate x) 0 safeConvert (SqlRational x) = return $ ST.TOD (truncate x) 0 safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = safeConvert y >>= (\z -> return $ ST.TOD z 0) safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = safeConvert y >>= (\z -> return $ ST.TOD z 0) safeConvert y@(SqlDiffTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = safeConvert y >>= (\z -> return $ ST.TOD z 0) safeConvert (SqlEpochTime x) = return $ ST.TOD x 0 safeConvert y@(SqlTimeDiff _) = quickError y safeConvert y@SqlNull = quickError y instance Convertible ST.TimeDiff SqlValue where safeConvert x = safeConvert x >>= return . SqlDiffTime instance Convertible SqlValue ST.TimeDiff where safeConvert y@(SqlString _) = do r <- safeConvert y safeConvert (SqlDiffTime r) safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = safeConvert . SqlString . BUTF8.toString $ x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = secs2td (fromIntegral x) safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = secs2td (fromIntegral x) safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = secs2td (fromIntegral x) safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = secs2td (fromIntegral x) safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = secs2td x safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = secs2td (truncate x) safeConvert (SqlRational x) = secs2td (truncate x) safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlDiffTime x) = safeConvert x safeConvert y@(SqlEpochTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = secs2td x safeConvert y@SqlNull = quickError y instance Convertible DiffTime SqlValue where safeConvert = return . SqlDiffTime . fromRational . toRational instance Convertible SqlValue DiffTime where safeConvert (SqlString x) = read' x >>= return . fromInteger safeConvert (SqlByteString x) = safeConvert . SqlString . BUTF8.toString $ x safeConvert (SqlInt32 x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlInt64 x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlWord32 x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlWord64 x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert (SqlInteger x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert y@(SqlChar _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlBool _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlDouble x) = return . fromRational . toRational $ x safeConvert (SqlRational x) = return . fromRational $ x safeConvert y@(SqlLocalDate _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTimeOfDay _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedLocalTimeOfDay _ _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlLocalTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlZonedTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlUTCTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlDiffTime x) = return . fromRational . toRational $ x safeConvert y@(SqlPOSIXTime _) = quickError y safeConvert y@(SqlEpochTime _) = quickError y safeConvert (SqlTimeDiff x) = return . fromIntegral $ x safeConvert y@SqlNull = quickError y instance Convertible ST.CalendarTime SqlValue where -- convert via ZonedTime safeConvert x = safeConvert x >>= return . SqlZonedTime instance Convertible SqlValue ST.CalendarTime where -- convert via ZonedTime safeConvert = convertVia (undefined::ZonedTime) instance (Convertible a SqlValue) => Convertible (Maybe a) SqlValue where safeConvert Nothing = return SqlNull safeConvert (Just a) = safeConvert a instance (Convertible SqlValue a) => Convertible SqlValue (Maybe a) where safeConvert SqlNull = return Nothing safeConvert a = safeConvert a >>= (return . Just) viaInteger' :: (Convertible SqlValue a, Bounded a, Show a, Convertible a Integer, Typeable a) => SqlValue -> (Integer -> ConvertResult a) -> ConvertResult a viaInteger' sv func = do i <- ((safeConvert sv)::ConvertResult Integer) boundedConversion func i viaInteger :: (Convertible SqlValue a, Bounded a, Show a, Convertible a Integer, Typeable a) => SqlValue -> (Integer -> a) -> ConvertResult a viaInteger sv func = viaInteger' sv (return . func) secs2td :: Integer -> ConvertResult ST.TimeDiff secs2td x = safeConvert x -- | Read a value from a string, and give an informative message -- if it fails. read' :: (Typeable a, Read a, Convertible SqlValue a) => String -> ConvertResult a read' s = case reads s of [(x,"")] -> Right x _ -> convError "Cannot read source value as dest type" (SqlString s) #ifdef __HUGS__ parseTime' :: (Typeable t, Convertible SqlValue t) => String -> String -> ConvertResult t parseTime' _ inpstr = convError "Hugs does not support time parsing" (SqlString inpstr) #else parseTime' :: (Typeable t, Convertible SqlValue t, ParseTime t) => String -> String -> ConvertResult t parseTime' fmtstr inpstr = case parseTime defaultTimeLocale fmtstr inpstr of Nothing -> convError ("Cannot parse using default format string " ++ show fmtstr) (SqlString inpstr) Just x -> Right x #endif