HXQ is a fast and space-efficient translator from XQuery (the standard query language for XML) to embedded Haskell code. The translation is based on Haskell templates. HXQ takes full advantage of Haskell's lazy evaluation to keep in memory only those parts of XML data needed at each point of evaluation, thus performing stream-based evaluation for forward queries (queries that do not contain backward steps). This results to an implementation that is as fast and space-efficient as any stream-based implementation based on SAX filters or finite state machines. Furthermore, the coding is far simpler and extensible since its based on XML trees, rather than SAX events.
For example, the XQuery given at the bottom of this page, which is against the DBLP XML database (420MB), runs in 39 seconds on my laptop (using 64MB of heap space). To contrast this, Qexo, which compiles XQueries to Java bytecode, took 1 minute 17 seconds (using 2048MB of heap space).
HXQ uses the HXML parser for XML (developed by Joe English), which is included in the source. I have also tried hexpat, but I found it too slow for large documents. I haven't tried HaXML yet.
First, you need to install the Glasgow Haskell Compiler, ghc, and the parser generator for Haskell, happy. For example, in Fedora Linux, you install both using:
yum install ghc happyThen download HXQ and untar it. You can either use cabal or make to build it. Then run xquery to test drive it.
HXQ supports most essential XQuery features, although some system functions are missing (but are easy to add). To see the list of supported system functions, run xquery -help . HXQ does not have static typechecking; it leaves all checking to Haskell. This means that it distinguishes regular predicates from indexing at run time: if an XPath predicate returns an integer at run time, it is taken as indexing and this index is checked against the current node position. The most important omission is backward step axes, such as /.. (parent). Some, but not all, parent axis steps are removed using optimization rules; all others cause a compilation error.
The main functions for embedding XQueries in Haskell are:
Here is an example of a main program:
f(x,y) = $(xe "<article><first>{$x}</first><second>{$y}</second></article>") main = do a <- $(xq ("<result>{ " ++" for $x at $i in doc('data/dblp.xml')//inproceedings " ++" where $x/author = 'Leonidas Fegaras' " ++" order by $x/year descending " ++" return <paper>{ $i, ') ', $x/booktitle/text(), " ++" ': ', $x/title/text() " ++" }</paper> " ++" }</result> ")) putStrLn (show a) b <- $(xq " f( $a/paper[10], $a/paper[8] ) ") putStrLn (show b)Another example, can be found in Test1.hs.
You can compile an XQuery file into a Haskell program (Temp.hs) using xquery -c file. Or better, you can use the Unix shell script compile to compile the XQuery file to an executable. For example:
compile data/q1.xqwill compile the XQuery file data/q1.xq into a.out.
The HXQ interpreter is far more slower than the compiler; use it only if you need to evaluate ad-hoc XQueries read from input or from files. The main functions are:
xquery data/q1.xqWithout an argument, it reads the XQuery from input. With xquery -help you get the list of system functions.
If you want to extend HXQ, you need to read about Template Haskell. Use make ghci to do various translation tests in ghci. You can look at the Abstract Syntax Trees and the generated code from a query by evaluating cq query.
Last modified: 04/11/08 by Leonidas Fegaras