A Monad Transformer for explicitly typed checked exceptions.

The exceptions thrown by a computation are inferred by the typechecker and appear in the type signature of the computation as Throws constraints.

Exceptions are defined using the extensible exceptions framework of Marlow (documented in Control.Exception):

• An Extensible Dynamically-Typed Hierarchy of Exceptions, by Simon Marlow, in Haskell '06.

Example

 data DivideByZero = DivideByZero deriving (Show, Typeable)
 data SumOverflow  = SumOverflow  deriving (Show, Typeable)

 instance Exception DivideByZero
 instance Exception SumOverflow

 data Expr = Add Expr Expr | Div Expr Expr | Val Double

 eval (Val x)     = return x
 eval (Add a1 a2) = do
    v1 <- eval a1
    v2 <- eval a2
    let sum = v1 + v2
    if sum < v1 || sum < v2 then throw SumOverflow else return sum
 eval (Div a1 a2) = do
    v1 <- eval a1
    v2 <- eval a2
    if v2 == 0 then throw DivideByZero else return (v1 / v2)

GHCi infers the following types

 eval                                             :: (Throws DivideByZero l, Throws SumOverflow l) => Expr -> EM l Double
 eval `catch` \ (e::DivideByZero) -> return (-1)  :: Throws SumOverflow l => Expr -> EM l Double
 runEM(eval `catch` \ (e::SomeException) -> return (-1))
                                                  :: Expr -> Double