> module Epic.Language where

> import Control.Monad
> import System
> import System.IO
> import System.Directory
> import System.Environment

> -- | (Debugging) options to give to compiler
> data CompileOptions = KeepC -- ^ Keep intermediate C file
>                     | Trace -- ^ Generate trace at run-time (debug)
>                     | ShowBytecode -- ^ Show generated code
>                     | ShowParseTree -- ^ Show parse tree
>                     | MakeHeader FilePath -- ^ Output a .h file too
>                     | GCCOpt String -- ^ Extra GCC option
>                     | Debug -- ^ Generate debug info
>                     | Checking Int -- ^ Checking level (0 none)
>                     | ExternalMain -- ^ main is defined externally (in C)
>                     | MainInc FilePath -- ^ File to #include in main program
>   deriving Eq

Raw data types. Int, Char, Bool are unboxed.

> data Type = TyInt
>           | TyChar
>           | TyBool
>           | TyFloat
>           | TyBigInt
>           | TyBigFloat
>           | TyString
>           | TyPtr
>           | TyUnit
>           | TyAny -- unchecked, polymorphic
>           | TyData -- generic data type
>           | TyCType String -- Exported, C typedef
>           | TyFun -- any function
>   deriving Eq

> instance Show Type where
>     show TyInt = "Int"
>     show TyChar = "Char"
>     show TyBool = "Bool"
>     show TyFloat = "Float"
>     show TyBigInt = "BigInt"
>     show TyBigFloat = "BigFloat"
>     show TyString = "String"
>     show TyPtr = "Ptr"
>     show TyUnit = "Unit"
>     show TyAny = "Any"
>     show TyData = "Data"
>     show (TyCType s) = "CType " ++ s
>     show TyFun = "Fun"

> data Const = MkInt Int
>            | MkBigInt Integer
>            | MkChar Char
>            | MkFloat Float
>            | MkBigFloat Double
>            | MkString String
>            | MkBool Bool
>            | MkUnit
>            | MkUnused
>   deriving (Show, Eq)

> data Name = UN String  -- user name
>           | MN String Int -- machine generated name
>   deriving Eq

> instance Show Name where
>     show (UN str) = "_U_"++str
>     show (MN str i) = "_M_"++show i++"_"++str

> showuser (UN str) = str
> showuser (MN str i) = "["++str++"_"++show i++"]"

> quotename [] = ""
> quotename ('_':cs) = "__"++quotename cs
> quotename ('\'':cs) = "_PR_"++quotename cs
> quotename ('?':cs) = "_QU_"++quotename cs
> quotename ('$':cs) = "_DO_"++quotename cs
> quotename ('#':cs) = "_HA_"++quotename cs
> quotename ('@':cs) = "_AT_"++quotename cs
> quotename (c:cs) = c:(quotename cs)

> showC n = quotename (show n)

> type Context = [(Name,([Type],Type))] -- Name, arg types, return type

Get the arity of a definition in the context

> arity x ctxt = case lookup x ctxt of
>                   Nothing -> error $ "No such function " ++ show x
>                   (Just (args,ret)) -> length args

> type Tag = Int

> data Expr = V Int -- Locally bound name
>           | R Name -- Global reference
>           | App Expr [Expr] -- Function application
>           | Lazy Expr -- Lazy function application
>           | Effect Expr -- Expression with side effects (i.e. don't update when EVALing)
>           | Con Tag [Expr] -- Constructor, tags, arguments (fully applied)
>           | Const Const -- a constant
>           | Proj Expr Int -- Project argument
>           | Case Expr [CaseAlt]
>           | If Expr Expr Expr
>           | While Expr Expr
>           | WhileAcc Expr Expr Expr
>           | Op Op Expr Expr -- Infix operator
>           | Let Name Type Expr Expr -- Let binding
>           | LetM Name Expr Expr -- Update a variable
>           | Update Int Expr Expr -- Update a variable (scope-checked)
>           | Lam Name Type Expr -- inner lambda
>           | Error String -- Exit with error message
>           | Impossible -- Claimed impossible to reach code
>           | WithMem Allocator Expr Expr -- evaluate with manual allocation
>           | ForeignCall Type String [(Expr, Type)] -- Foreign function call
>           | LazyForeignCall Type String [(Expr, Type)] -- Foreign function call
>   deriving Eq

> data CaseAlt = Alt { alt_tag :: Tag,
>                      alt_args :: [(Name, Type)], -- bound arguments
>                      alt_expr :: Expr -- what to do
>                    }
>              | ConstAlt { alt_const :: Int,
>                           alt_expr :: Expr }
>              | DefaultCase { alt_expr :: Expr }
>   deriving Eq

> instance Ord CaseAlt where -- only the tag matters
>    compare (Alt t1 _ _) (Alt t2 _ _) = compare t1 t2
>    compare (Alt _ _ _) (DefaultCase _) = LT
>    compare (DefaultCase _) (Alt _ _ _) = GT
>    compare _ _ = EQ

> data Allocator = FixedPool | GrowablePool
>   deriving Eq

> data Op = Plus | Minus | Times | Divide | Modulo
>         | OpEQ | OpLT | OpLE | OpGT | OpGE
>         | FPlus | FMinus | FTimes | FDivide
>         | OpFEQ | OpFLT | OpFLE | OpFGT | OpFGE
>         | ShL  | ShR
>   deriving (Show, Eq)

> instance Show CaseAlt where
>     show (DefaultCase e) = "default -> " ++ show e
>     show (ConstAlt i e) = show i ++ " -> " ++ show e
>     show (Alt t args e) = "Con " ++ show t ++ show args ++ " -> " ++ show e

> instance Show Expr where
>     show (V i) = "var" ++ show i
>     show (R n) = show n
>     show (App f as) = show f ++ show as
>     show (Lazy e) = "%lazy(" ++ show e ++ ")"
>     show (Effect e) = "%effect(" ++ show e ++ ")"
>     show (Con t es) = "Con " ++ show t ++ show es
>     show (Const c) = show c
>     show (Proj e i) = show e ++ "!" ++ show i
>     show (Case e alts) = "case " ++ show e ++ " of " ++ show alts
>     show (If x t e) = "if " ++ show x ++ " then " ++ show t ++ " else " ++ show e
>     show (While e b) = "%while(" ++ show e ++ "," ++ show b ++ ")"
>     show (WhileAcc e b a) = "%while(" ++ show e ++ ", " ++ show b ++ 
>                             ", " ++ show a ++ ")"
>     show (Op o l r) = "(" ++ show l ++ " " ++ show o ++ " " ++ show r ++")"
>     show (Let n t v e) = "let " ++ show n ++ ":" ++ show t ++ " = " ++
>                          show v ++ " in " ++ show e
>     show (LetM n v e) = "let! " ++ show n ++ " = " ++
>                          show v ++ " in " ++ show e
>     show (Update n v e) = "let! var" ++ show n ++ " = " ++
>                          show v ++ " in " ++ show e
>     show (Lam n t e) = "\\ " ++ show n ++ ":" ++ show t ++ " . " ++
>                          show e
>     show (Error e) = "error(" ++ show e ++ ")"
>     show Impossible = "Impossible"
>     show (WithMem a m e) = "%memory(" ++ show a ++ "," ++ show m ++ ", " ++ show e ++ ")"
>     show (ForeignCall t s as) = "foreign " ++ show t ++ " " ++
>                                 show s ++ show as
>     show (LazyForeignCall t s as) = "lazy foreign " ++ show t ++ " " ++
>                                     show s ++ show as

> instance Show Allocator where
>     show FixedPool = "%fixed"
>     show GrowablePool = "%growable"
                             
Supercombinator definitions

> data Func = Bind { fun_args :: [(Name, Type)],
>                    locals :: Int, -- total number of locals
>                    defn :: Expr,
>                    flags :: [CGFlag]}
>   deriving Show

Programs

> data Decl = Decl { fname :: Name,
>                    frettype :: Type,
>                    fdef :: Func,
>                    fexport :: Maybe String,  -- C name
>                    fcompflags :: [CGFlag]
>                  }
>           | Extern { fname :: Name, 
>                      frettype :: Type,
>                      fargs :: [Type] }
>           | Include String
>           | Link String
>           | CType String
>   deriving Show

> data CGFlag = Inline | Strict
>   deriving (Show, Eq)

> data Result r = Success r
>               | Failure String String Int
>     deriving (Show, Eq)
> 
> instance Monad Result where
>     (Success r)   >>= k = k r
>     (Failure err fn line) >>= k = Failure err fn line
>     return              = Success
>     fail s              = Failure s "(no file)" 0
> 
> instance MonadPlus Result where
>     mzero = Failure "Error" "(no file)" 0
>     mplus (Success x) _ = (Success x)
>     mplus (Failure _ _ _) y = y
> 

> appForm :: Expr -> Bool

 appForm (App _ _) = True
 appForm (V _) = True

> appForm (R _) = True

 appForm (Con _ _) = True
 appForm (Const _) = True
 appForm (LazyForeignCall _ _ _) = True

> appForm _ = False

> checkLevel :: [CompileOptions] -> Int
> checkLevel [] = 1
> checkLevel (Checking i:_) = i
> checkLevel (_:xs) = checkLevel xs

Temp files for compiler output

> tempfile :: IO (FilePath, Handle)
> tempfile = do env <- environment "TMPDIR"
>               let dir = case env of
>                               Nothing -> "/tmp"
>                               (Just d) -> d
>               openTempFile dir "esc"

> environment :: String -> IO (Maybe String)
> environment x = catch (do e <- getEnv x
>                           return (Just e))
>                       (\_ -> return Nothing)

Some tests


foo x = let y = case x of
          c1 a b -> a b
          c2 c -> bar (c+2)
            in y+3




 testctxt = [((UN "foo"),([TyData], TyInt)),
            ((UN "bar"),([TyInt], TyInt))]

 testprog = Bind [TyData] 3 $
               Let (UN "y") TyInt (Case (V 0)
                 [Alt 0 [TyFun,TyInt] (App (V 1) [V 2]),
                  Alt 1 [TyInt] (App (R (UN "bar")) [Op Plus (V 1) (Const (MkInt 2))])])
               (Op Plus (V 1) (Const (MkInt 3)))