abstract Communications = MidLevelOntology, Geography ** {

  --  An AMRadioStation is an 
  -- engineeringSubcomponent of an AMRadioSystem.
  fun AMRadioStation : Class ;
  fun AMRadioStation_Class : SubClass AMRadioStation RadioStation ;

  -- An AMRadioSystem consists of Radios, 
  -- AMRadioStations, and other components that work together to make 
  -- AM radio broadcasting possible in a given area.
  fun AMRadioSystem : Class ;
  fun AMRadioSystem_Class : SubClass AMRadioSystem RadioSystem ;

  -- An ArtificialSatellite is a Device
  -- that orbits the earth in space and performs various functions such as
  -- aiding in communication, photographing the earth's surface, and others.
  fun ArtificialSatellite : Class ;
  fun ArtificialSatellite_Class : SubClass ArtificialSatellite (both EngineeringComponent Satellite) ;

  -- A BroadcastingStation is
  -- an engineeringSubcomponent of either a TelevisionSystem or
  -- a RadioStation.
  fun BroadcastingStation : Class ;
  fun BroadcastingStation_Class : SubClass BroadcastingStation (both CommunicationDevice (both EngineeringComponent StationaryArtifact)) ;

  -- A CableTelevisionSystem
  -- is a CommunicationSystem for cable television.
  fun CableTelevisionSystem : Class ;
  fun CableTelevisionSystem_Class : SubClass CableTelevisionSystem CommunicationSystem ;

  -- Relatively low power broadcasting
  -- devices designed for voice communication among specialized groups
  -- in which each receiver also has the power to transmit, unlike
  -- broadcast radio where most components transmitting or receiving on
  -- a given frequency or set of frequencies are receivers only. This 
  -- includes unlicensed walkie_talkies, public safety radios, military
  -- communication systems and CB radios.
  fun CommunicationRadio : Class ;
  fun CommunicationRadio_Class : SubClass CommunicationRadio CommunicationDevice ;

  -- A CommunicationSatellite is an
  -- ArtificialSatellite that serves as one engineeringSubcomponent of a 
  -- CommunicationSystem.
  fun CommunicationSatellite : Class ;
  fun CommunicationSatellite_Class : SubClass CommunicationSatellite (both ArtificialSatellite CommunicationDevice) ;

  -- An Eutelsat is one type of 
  -- CommunicationSatellite.
  fun Eutelsat : Class ;
  fun Eutelsat_Class : SubClass Eutelsat CommunicationSatellite ;

  -- A FMRadioStation is an 
  -- engineeringSubcomponent of an FMRadioSystem.
  fun FMRadioStation : Class ;
  fun FMRadioStation_Class : SubClass FMRadioStation RadioStation ;

  -- A FMRadioSystem consists of Radios, 
  -- FMRadioStations, and other components that work together to make 
  -- FM radio broadcasting possible in a given area.
  fun FMRadioSystem : Class ;
  fun FMRadioSystem_Class : SubClass FMRadioSystem RadioSystem ;

  -- An Inmarsat is one type of 
  -- CommunicationSatellite.
  fun Inmarsat : Class ;
  fun Inmarsat_Class : SubClass Inmarsat CommunicationSatellite ;

  -- An Intelsat is one type of 
  -- CommunicationSatellite.
  fun Intelsat : Class ;
  fun Intelsat_Class : SubClass Intelsat CommunicationSatellite ;

  -- The Internet is a CommunicationSystem
  -- for the rapid delivery of information between computers.
  fun Internet : Ind CommunicationSystem ;

  -- An InternetServiceProvider serves as an engineeringSubcomponent of
  -- the Internet for a given area.
  fun InternetServiceProvider : Class ;
  fun InternetServiceProvider_Class : SubClass InternetServiceProvider CommunicationSystem ;

  -- An InternetUser is an individual who
  -- uses the Internet.
  fun InternetUser : Ind SocialRole ;

  -- An Intersputnik is one type of 
  -- CommunicationSatellite.
  fun Intersputnik : Class ;
  fun Intersputnik_Class : SubClass Intersputnik CommunicationSatellite ;

  -- A MainTelephoneLine is one 
  -- engineeringSubcomponent of a TelephoneSystem used for voice communication 
  -- or computer data transfer.
  fun MainTelephoneLine : Class ;
  fun MainTelephoneLine_Class : SubClass MainTelephoneLine CommunicationDevice ;

  -- A Telephone that can be used without
  -- connection to a MainTelephoneLine.
  fun MobileCellPhone : Class ;
  fun MobileCellPhone_Class : SubClass MobileCellPhone Telephone ;

  -- An Orbita is one type of 
  -- CommunicationSatellite.
  fun Orbita : Class ;
  fun Orbita_Class : SubClass Orbita CommunicationSatellite ;

  -- A RadioStation is an 
  -- engineeringSubcomponent of a RadioSystem.
  fun RadioStation : Class ;
  fun RadioStation_Class : SubClass RadioStation BroadcastingStation ;

  -- A RadioSystem consists of Radios, 
  -- RadioStations, and other components that work together to make 
  -- radio broadcasting possible in a given area.
  fun RadioSystem : Class ;
  fun RadioSystem_Class : SubClass RadioSystem CommunicationSystem ;

  -- A ShortwaveRadioStation 
  -- is an engineeringSubcomponent of a ShortwaveRadioSystem.
  fun ShortwaveRadioStation : Class ;
  fun ShortwaveRadioStation_Class : SubClass ShortwaveRadioStation RadioStation ;

  -- A ShortwaveRadioSystem consists 
  -- of Radios, ShortwaveRadioStations, and other components that work 
  -- together to make shortwave radio broadcasting possible in a given area.
  fun ShortwaveRadioSystem : Class ;
  fun ShortwaveRadioSystem_Class : SubClass ShortwaveRadioSystem RadioSystem ;

  -- A TelephoneSystem consists of a complete
  -- interconnection of Telephones, MainTelephoneLines, and other components
  -- that work together to make telephonic communication possible from point to
  -- point in a given area.
  fun TelephoneSystem : Class ;
  fun TelephoneSystem_Class : SubClass TelephoneSystem CommunicationSystem ;

  -- A TelevisionStation is an 
  -- engineeringSubcomponent of a TelevisionSystem.
  fun TelevisionStation : Class ;
  fun TelevisionStation_Class : SubClass TelevisionStation BroadcastingStation ;

  -- A system for Broadcasting and 
  -- receiving television signals.
  fun TelevisionSystem : Class ;
  fun TelevisionSystem_Class : SubClass TelevisionSystem CommunicationSystem ;

  -- The expression
  -- (communicationSatelliteForArea ?AREA ?SATELLITE ?INTEGER) means that 
  -- ?INTEGER number of CommunicationSatellites of the type ?SATELLITE serve
  -- as an engineeringSubcomponent of a TelephoneSystem of the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA.
  fun communicationSatelliteForArea: El GeopoliticalArea -> Desc Satellite -> El Integer -> Formula ;-- replaced-- 

  -- (internetCountryCode ?AREA ?CODE)
  -- relates a GeopoliticalArea to the SymbolicString ?CODE used to
  -- identify the ?AREA on internet websites.
  fun internetCountryCode : El GeopoliticalArea -> El SymbolicString -> Formula ;

}