--1 The Ontology of the Phrasebook --2 Syntactic Structures of the Phrasebook -- This module contains phrases that can be defined by a functor over the -- resource grammar API. The phrases that are likely to have different implementations -- are in the module Words. But the distinction is not quite sharp; thus it may happen -- that the functor instantiations make exceptions. abstract Sentences = Numeral ** { -- The ontology of the phrasebook is defined by the following types. The commented ones -- are defined in other modules. cat Phrase ; -- complete phrase, the unit of translation e.g. "Where are you?" Word ; -- word that could be used as phrase e.g. "Monday" Message ; -- sequence of phrases, longest unit e.g. "Hello! Where are you?" Greeting ; -- idiomatic greeting e.g. "hello" Sentence ; -- declarative sentence e.g. "I am in the bar" Question ; -- question, either yes/no or wh e.g. "where are you" Proposition ; -- can be turned into sentence or question e.g. "this pizza is good" Object ; -- the object of wanting, ordering, etc e.g. "three pizzas and a beer" PrimObject ; -- single object of wanting, ordering, etc e.g. "three pizzas" Item ; -- a single entity e.g. "this pizza" Kind ; -- a type of an item e.g. "pizza" MassKind ; -- a type mass (uncountable) e.g. "water" PlurKind ; -- a type usually only in plural e.g. "noodles" DrinkKind ; -- a drinkable, countable type e.g. "beer" Quality ; -- qualification of an item, can be complex e.g. "very good" Property ; -- basic property of an item, one word e.g. "good" Place ; -- location e.g. "the bar" PlaceKind ; -- type of location e.g. "bar" Currency ; -- currency unit e.g. "leu" Price ; -- number of currency units e.g. "eleven leu" Person ; -- agent wanting or doing something e.g. "you" Action ; -- proposition about a Person e.g. "you are here" Nationality ; -- complex of language, property, country e.g. "Swedish, Sweden" Language ; -- language (can be without nationality) e.g. "Flemish" Citizenship ; -- property (can be without language) e.g. "Belgian" Country ; -- country (can be without language) e.g. "Belgium" Day ; -- weekday type e.g. "Friday" Date ; -- definite date e.g. "on Friday" Name ; -- name of person e.g. "NN" Number ; -- number expression 1 .. 999,999 e.g. "twenty" Transport ; -- transportation device e.g. "car" ByTransport ; -- mean of transportation e.g. "by tram" Superlative ; -- superlative modifiers of places e.g. "the best restaurant" fun -- To build a whole message MPhrase : Phrase -> Message ; MContinue : Phrase -> Message -> Message ; -- Many of the categories are accessible as Phrases, i.e. as translation units. -- To regulate whether words appear on the top level, change their status between -- Word and Phrase, or uncomment PWord, -- PWord : Word -> Phrase ; PGreetingMale : Greeting -> Phrase ; -- depends on speaker e.g. in Thai PGreetingFemale : Greeting -> Phrase ; PSentence : Sentence -> Phrase ; PQuestion : Question -> Phrase ; PNumber : Number -> Phrase ; PPrice : Price -> Phrase ; PObject : Object -> Word ; PKind : Kind -> Word ; PMassKind : MassKind -> Word ; PQuality : Quality -> Word ; PPlace : Place -> Word ; PPlaceKind : PlaceKind -> Word ; PCurrency : Currency -> Word ; PLanguage : Language -> Word ; PCitizenship : Citizenship -> Word ; PCountry : Country -> Word ; PDay : Day -> Word ; PByTransport : ByTransport -> Word ; PTransport : Transport -> Word ; PYes, PNo, PYesToNo : Greeting ; -- yes, no, si/doch (pos. answer to neg. question) -- To order something. GObjectPlease : Object -> Greeting ; -- a pizza and beer, please! -- This is the way to build propositions about inanimate items. Is : Item -> Quality -> Proposition ; -- this pizza is good IsMass : MassKind -> Quality -> Proposition ; -- Belgian beer is good -- To use propositions on higher levels. SProp : Proposition -> Sentence ; -- this pizza is good SPropNot : Proposition -> Sentence ; -- this pizza isn't good QProp : Proposition -> Question ; -- is this pizza good WherePlace : Place -> Question ; -- where is the bar WherePerson : Person -> Question ; -- where are you -- This is the way to build propositions about persons. PropAction : Action -> Proposition ; -- (you (are|aren't) | are you) Swedish -- Here are some general syntactic constructions. ObjItem : Item -> PrimObject ; -- this pizza ObjNumber : Number -> Kind -> PrimObject ; -- five pizzas ObjIndef : Kind -> PrimObject ; -- a pizza ObjPlural : Kind -> PrimObject ; -- pizzas ObjPlur : PlurKind -> PrimObject ; -- noodles ObjMass : MassKind -> PrimObject ; -- water ObjAndObj : PrimObject -> Object -> Object ; -- this pizza and a beer OneObj : PrimObject -> Object ; -- this pizza SuchKind : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ; -- Italian pizza SuchMassKind : Quality -> MassKind -> MassKind ; -- Italian water Very : Property -> Quality ; -- very Italian Too : Property -> Quality ; -- too Italian PropQuality : Property -> Quality ; -- Italian MassDrink : DrinkKind -> MassKind ; -- beer DrinkNumber : Number -> DrinkKind -> PrimObject ; -- five beers -- Determiners. This, That, These, Those : Kind -> Item ; -- this pizza,...,those pizzas The, Thes : Kind -> Item ; -- the pizza, the pizzas ThisMass, ThatMass, TheMass : MassKind -> Item ; -- this/that/the water ThesePlur, ThosePlur, ThesPlur : PlurKind -> Item ; -- these/those/the potatoes AmountCurrency : Number -> Currency -> Price ; -- five euros ThePlace : PlaceKind -> Place ; -- the bar APlace : PlaceKind -> Place ; -- a bar IMale, IFemale, -- I, said by man/woman (affects agreement) YouFamMale, YouFamFemale, -- familiar you, said to man/woman (affects agreement) YouPolMale, YouPolFemale : Person ; -- polite you, said to man/woman (affects agreement) LangNat : Nationality -> Language ; -- Swedish CitiNat : Nationality -> Citizenship ; -- Swedish CountryNat : Nationality -> Country ; -- Sweden PropCit : Citizenship -> Property ; -- Swedish OnDay : Day -> Date ; -- on Friday Today : Date ; -- today PersonName : Name -> Person ; -- person referred by name NameNN : Name ; -- the name "NN" ---- NameString : String -> Name ; ---- creates ambiguities with all words --% NNumeral : Numeral -> Number ; -- numeral in words, e.g. "twenty" -- Actions are typically language-dependent, not only lexically but also -- structurally. However, these ones are mostly functorial. SHave : Person -> Object -> Sentence ; -- you have beer SHaveNo : Person -> Kind -> Sentence ; -- you have no apples SHaveNoMass : Person -> MassKind -> Sentence ; -- you have no beer QDoHave : Person -> Object -> Question ; -- do you have beer AHaveCurr : Person -> Currency -> Action ; -- you have dollars ACitizen : Person -> Citizenship -> Action ; -- you are Swedish ABePlace : Person -> Place -> Action ; -- you are in the bar ByTransp : Transport -> ByTransport ; -- by bus AKnowSentence : Person -> Sentence -> Action ; -- you know that I am in the bar AKnowPerson : Person -> Person -> Action ; -- you know me AKnowQuestion : Person -> Question -> Action ; -- you know how far the bar is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- New things added 30/11/2011 by AR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cat VerbPhrase ; -- things one does, can do, must do, wants to do, e.g. swim Modality ; -- can, want, must fun ADoVerbPhrase : Person -> VerbPhrase -> Action ; -- I swim AModVerbPhrase : Modality -> Person -> VerbPhrase -> Action ; -- I can swim ADoVerbPhrasePlace : Person -> VerbPhrase -> Place -> Action ; -- I swim in the hotel AModVerbPhrasePlace : Modality -> Person -> VerbPhrase -> Place -> Action ; -- I can swim in the hotel QWhereDoVerbPhrase : Person -> VerbPhrase -> Question ; -- where do you swim QWhereModVerbPhrase : Modality -> Person -> VerbPhrase -> Question ; -- where can I swim MCan, MKnow, MMust, MWant : Modality ; -- lexical items given in the resource Lexicon VPlay, VRun, VSit, VSleep, VSwim, VWalk : VerbPhrase ; VDrink, VEat, VRead, VWait, VWrite : VerbPhrase ; V2Buy, V2Drink, V2Eat : Object -> VerbPhrase ; V2Wait : Person -> VerbPhrase ; PImperativeFamPos, -- eat PImperativeFamNeg, -- don't eat PImperativePolPos, -- essen Sie PImperativePolNeg, -- essen Sie nicht PImperativePlurPos, -- esst PImperativePlurNeg : -- esst nicht VerbPhrase -> Phrase ; -- other new things allowed by the resource --- PBecause : Sentence -> Sentence -> Phrase ; -- I want to swim because it is hot He, She, -- he, she WeMale, WeFemale, -- we, said by men/women (affects agreement) YouPlurFamMale, YouPlurFamFemale, -- plural familiar you, said to men/women (affects agreement) YouPlurPolMale, YouPlurPolFemale, -- plural polite you, said to men/women (affects agreement) TheyMale, TheyFemale : Person ; -- they, said of men/women (affects agreement) }