--2 Implementations of Words, with English as example concrete WordsHin of Words = SentencesHin ** open SyntaxHin, CommonHindustani, ParadigmsHin, (L = LexiconHin), (P = ParadigmsHin), -- IrregHin, ExtraHin, Prelude in { flags coding = utf8 ; -- param Gender = Masc | Fem ; lin -- Kinds; many of them are in the resource lexicon, others can be built by $mkN$. Apple = mkCN L.apple_N ; Beer = mkCN L.beer_N ; Bread = mkCN L.bread_N ; Cheese = mkCN (mkN "पनीर" Fem) ; Chicken = mkCN (mkN "मुरग़ी") ; Coffee = mkCN (mkN "काफ़ी") ; Fish = mkCN L.fish_N ; Meat = mkCN (mkN "गोश्त") ; Milk = mkCN L.milk_N ; Pizza = mkCN (mkN "पिज़्ज़ा") ; Salt = mkCN L.salt_N ; Tea = mkCN (mkN "चाय" Fem) ; Water = mkCN L.water_N; Wine = mkCN L.wine_N ; -- Properties; many of them are in the resource lexicon, others can be built by $mkA$. Bad = L.bad_A ; Boring = mkA "उबाऊ" ; Cheap = mkA "सस्ता" ; Cold = L.cold_A ; Delicious = mkA "मज़ेदार" ; Expensive = mkA "महंगा" ; Fresh = mkA "ताज़ा" ; Good = L.good_A ; Suspect = mkA "बुरा" ; Warm = L.warm_A ; -- Places require different prepositions to express location; in some languages -- also the directional preposition varies, but in English we use $to$, as -- defined by $mkPlace$. Airport = mkPlace "हवाई अड्डा" "पर" ; AmusementPark = mkCompoundPlace "मनोरंजन" "उद्यान" "में" ; Bank = mkPlace "बैंक" "में" ; Bar = mkPlace "बार" "में" ; Cafeteria = mkPlace "जलपान घर" "में" ; Center = mkPlace "केन्द्र" "पर" ; Cinema = mkPlace "सिनेमा" "में" ; Church = mkPlace "गिरजा" "में" ; Disco = mkPlace "डिस्को" "में" ; Hospital = mkPlace "अस्पताल" "में" ; Hotel = mkPlace "होटेल" "में" ; Museum = mkPlace "संग्रहालय" "पर" ; Park = mkPlace "उद्यान" "में" ; Parking = mkCompoundPlace "कार" "पार्क" "में" ; Pharmacy = mkPlace "दवासाजी" "पर" ; PostOffice = mkCompoundPlace "डाक" "घर" "पर" ; Pub = mkPlace "पब" "में" ; Restaurant = mkPlace "रेस्तोरां" "में" ; School = mkPlace "स्कूल" "में" ; Shop = mkPlaceFem "दुकान" "में" Fem; Station = mkPlace "स्टेशन" "पर" ; Supermarket = mkPlace "सुपर बाज़ार" "में" ; Theatre = mkPlace "रंगशाला" "पर" ; Toilet = mkPlace "शौचालय" "में" ; University = mkPlaceFem "विश्वविद्यालय" "में" Fem; Zoo = mkPlace "चिड़ियाघर" "में" ; CitRestaurant cit = mkCNPlace (mkCN cit (mkN "रेस्तोरां")) in_Prep to_Prep ; -- Currencies; $crown$ is ambiguous between Danish and Swedish crowns. DanishCrown = mkCN (mkA "डेनिश") (mkN "क्राउन") | mkCN (mkN "क्राउन") ; Dollar = mkCN (mkN "डालर") ; Euro = mkCN (mkN "यूरो") ; -- to prevent euroes Lei = mkCN (mkN "लेई") ; Leva = mkCN (mkN "लेवा") ; NorwegianCrown = mkCN (mkA "नारवीजियन") (mkN "क्राउन") | mkCN (mkN "क्राउन") ; Pound = mkCN (mkN "पाउंड") ; Rouble = mkCN (mkN "रूबल") ; SwedishCrown = mkCN (mkA "स्वीडिश") (mkN "क्राउन") | mkCN (mkN "क्राउन") ; Zloty = mkCN (mkN "ज़्लोटी" Fem) ; -- Nationalities Belgian = mkA "बेल्जियन" ; Belgium = mkNP (mkPN "बेल्जियम") ; Bulgarian = mkNat "बुलगेरियाई" "बुलगेरिया" ; Catalan = mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN "केटलान")) (mkNP (mkPN "केटलान")) (mkA "केटलान") ; Danish = mkNat "डेनिश" "डेनमार्क" ; Dutch = mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN "डच")) (mkNP the_Quant (mkN "नीदरलैंड्स")) (mkA "डच") ; English = mkNat "अंग्रेज़" "इंगलैंड" ; Finnish = mkNat "फ़िनिश" "फ़िनलैंड" ; Flemish = mkNP (mkPN "फ़्लेमिश") ; French = mkNat "फ़्रान्सीसी" "फ़्रान्स" ; German = mkNat "जर्मन" "जर्मनी" ; Italian = mkNat "इतालवी" "इटली" ; Norwegian = mkNat "नार्वीजियन" "नार्वे" ; Polish = mkNat "पोलिश" "पोलैंड" ; Romanian = mkNat "रोमानियन" "रोमानिया" ; Russian = mkNat "रूसी" "रूस" ; Spanish = mkNat "स्पेनी" "स्पेन" ; Swedish = mkNat "स्वीडिश" "स्वीडन" ; -- Means of transportation Bike = mkTransport L.bike_N ; Bus = mkTransport (mkN "बस" Fem) ; Car = mkTransport L.car_N ; Ferry = mkTransport (mkN "फ़ेरी") ; Plane = mkTransport L.airplane_N ; Subway = mkTransport (mkN "सबवे") ; Taxi = mkTransport (mkN "टैक्सी") ; Train = mkTransport (mkN "रेल गाड़ी") ; Tram = mkTransport (mkN "ट्राम" Fem) ; ByFoot = P.mkAdv "पैदल चलकर" ; -- Actions: the predication patterns are very often language-dependent. -- AHasAge p num = mkCl p.name (mkNP (mkNP num L.year_N) (ParadigmsHin.mkAdv "का")); AHasAge p num = mkCl p.name (mkNP num (mkCN (modN L.year_N))); AHasChildren p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP num L.child_N) ; AHasRoom p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (mkN "कमरा")) (SyntaxHin.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (P.mkN "व्यक्ति" "व्यक्ति" "व्यक्ति" "लोग" "लोगों" "लोगो" masculine)))) ; AHasTable p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (mkN "मेज़")) (SyntaxHin.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (P.mkN "व्यक्ति" "व्यक्ति" "व्यक्ति" "लोग" "लोगों" "लोगो" masculine)))) ; AHasName p name = mkCl (nameOf p) name ; AHungry p = mkCl p.name (mkA "भूखा") ; AIll p = mkCl p.name (mkA "बीमार") ; AKnow p = mkCl p.name (mkV "जानना") ; ALike p item = mkCl p.name (L.like_V2) item ; ALive p co = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP (L.live_V)) (SyntaxHin.mkAdv in_Prep co)) ; ALove p q = mkCl p.name (L.love_V2) q.name ; AMarried p = mkCl p.name (P.mkIrregA "शादी शुदा") ; AReady p = mkCl p.name (mkA "तैयार") ; -- AScared p = mkCl p.name (P.mkCompoundA "डरा" "हुआ") ; ASpeak p lang = mkCl p.name L.speak_V2 lang ; AThirsty p = mkCl p.name (mkA "प्यासा") ; -- ATired p = mkCl p.name (P.mkCompoundA "थका" "हुआ") ; AUnderstand p = mkCl p.name (mkV "समझना") ; AWant p obj = mkCl p.name (mkV2 (mkV "चाहना")) obj ; -- AWantGo p place = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.name) ; AWantGo p place = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to) ; -- miscellaneous -- QWhatName p = mkQS (mkQCl whatSg_IP (mkVP (nameOf p))) ; QWhatName p = mkQS (mkQCl what_IAdv (mkNP p.poss (P.mkN "नाम" "नाम" "नाम" "नाम" "नाम" "नाम" masculine))) ; -- QWhatAge p = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkNP (modQuant p.poss)) (mkAdv "उम्र"))) ; QWhatAge p = mkQS (mkQCl howMuch_IAdv (mkNP (modQuant p.poss) (P.mkN "उम्र" "उम्र" "उम्र" "उम्र" "उम्र" "उम्र" feminine))) ; HowMuchCost item = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (modNP item) (mkAdv ["की क़ीमत"]))) ; ItCost item price = mkCl item (mkV2 (mkV "क़ीमत")) price ; PropOpen p = mkCl p.name open_Adv ; PropClosed p = mkCl p.name closed_Adv ; PropOpenDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d) open_Adv) ; PropClosedDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d) closed_Adv) ; PropOpenDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d.habitual) open_Adv); PropClosedDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d.habitual) closed_Adv) ; -- Building phrases from strings is complicated: the solution is to use -- mkText : Text -> Text -> Text ; PSeeYouDate d = mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt d)) (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("मिलते हैं"))) ; PSeeYouPlace p = mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt p.at)) (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("मिलते हैं"))) ; PSeeYouPlaceDate p d = mkText (mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt p.at)) (mkPhrase (mkUtt d))) (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("मिलते हैं"))) ; -- Relations are expressed as "मय wिफ़e" or "मय सon'स wिफ़e", as defined by $xOf$ -- below. Languages without productive genitives must use an equivalent of -- "तहe wिफ़e oफ़ मय सoन" for non-pronouns. Wife = xOf ssing (mkN "पत्नी") ; Husband = xOf ssing (mkN "पति") ; Son = xOf ssing (mkN "बेटा") ; Daughter = xOf ssing (mkN "बेटी") ; Children = xOf plur L.child_N ; -- week days Monday = mkDay "सोमवार" ; Tuesday = mkDay "मंगलवार" ; Wednesday = mkDay "बुधवार" ; Thursday = mkDay "गुरुवार" ; Friday = mkDay "शुक्रवार" ; Saturday = mkDay "शनिवार" ; Sunday = mkDay "रविवार" ; Tomorrow = P.mkAdv "कल" ; -- modifiers of places TheBest = mkSuperl L.good_A ; TheClosest = mkSuperl L.near_A ; TheCheapest = mkSuperl (mkA "सस्ता") ; TheMostExpensive = mkSuperl (mkA "महंगा") ; TheMostPopular = mkSuperl (mkA "मशहूर") ; TheWorst = mkSuperl L.bad_A ; SuperlPlace sup p = placeNP sup p ; -- transports HowFar place = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv place.name) ; HowFarFrom x y = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP y.name (SyntaxHin.mkAdv from_Prep x.name))) ; HowFarFromBy x y t = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP (mkNP y.name (SyntaxHin.mkAdv from_Prep x.name)) t)) ; HowFarBy y t = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP y.name t)) ; WhichTranspPlace trans place = mkQS (mkQCl (SyntaxHin.mkIP which_IDet trans.name) (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to)) ; IsTranspPlace trans place = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkCN trans.name place.to))) ; -- auxiliaries oper mkNat : Str -> Str -> NPNationality = \nat,co -> mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN nat)) (mkNP (mkPN co)) (mkA nat) ; mkDay : Str -> {name : NP ; point : Adv ; habitual : Adv} = \d -> -- let day = mkNP (mkPN d) in mkNPDay (mkNP (mkCN (mkN d))) (SyntaxHin.mkAdv to_Prep (mkNP (mkCN (mkN d)))) (SyntaxHin.mkAdv to_Prep (mkNP (mkCN (mkN d)))) ; --changed from plNum to sgNum mkCompoundPlace : Str -> Str -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep; isPl : Bool} = \comp, p, i -> -- mkCNPlace (mkCN (P.mkN comp (mkN p))) (P.mkPrep i) to_Prep ; mkCNPlace (mkCN (mkN (comp++p))) (P.mkPrep i i) to_Prep ; mkPlace : Str -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep; isPl : Bool} = \p,i -> mkCNPlace (mkCN (mkN p)) (P.mkPrep i i) to_Prep ; mkPlaceFem : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep; isPl : Bool} = \p,i,g -> mkCNPlace (mkCN (P.mkN p g)) (P.mkPrep i i) to_Prep ; open_Adv = P.mkAdv "खुला"; closed_Adv = P.mkAdv "बंद" ; xOf : SentencesHin.GNumber -> N -> NPPerson -> NPPerson = \n,x,p -> relativePerson n (mkCN x) (\a,b,c -> mkNP (GenNP b) a c) p ; nameOf : NPPerson -> NP = \p -> (xOf ssing (mkN "नाम") p).name ; ssing = False ; mkTransport : N -> {name : CN ; by : Adv} = \n -> { name = mkCN n ; by = SyntaxHin.mkAdv by8means_Prep (mkNP n) } ; -- mkSuperl : A -> Det = \a -> SyntaxHin.mkDet the_Art (SyntaxHin.mkOrd a) ; mkSuperl : A -> Det = \a -> lin Det { s = \\n,g,c => a.s ! n ! g ! c ! Superl ; n = Sg } ; far_IAdv = ExtraHin.IAdvAdv (P.mkAdv "दूर") ; what_IAdv = lin IAdv {s = "क्या"} ; howMuch_IAdv = lin IAdv {s = "कितनी"} ; -- cost_Predet = lin Predet {s = ["की क़ीमत"]} ; ------------------- modN : N -> N = \noun -> lin N {s = \\n,c =>noun.s!n!c++"का" ; g =noun.g} ; modQuant : Quant -> Quant = \q -> lin Quant {s = \\n,g,c => q.s ! n ! Fem ! c ; a = q.a}; modNP : NP -> NP = \np -> lin NP {s = \\_ => np.s ! NPC Obl ; a = np.a}; }