--2 Implementations of Words, with English as example concrete WordsPes of Words = SentencesPes ** open SyntaxPes, ResPes, ParadigmsPes, (L = LexiconPes), (P = ParadigmsPes), -- IrregPes, ExtraPes, Prelude in { flags coding = utf8 ; -- param Gender = Masc | Fem ; lin -- Kinds; many of them are in the resource lexicon, others can be built by $mkN01$. Apple = mkCN L.apple_N ; Beer = mkCN L.beer_N ; Bread = mkCN L.bread_N ; Cheese = mkCN (mkN01 "پنیر" Inanimate) ; Chicken = mkCN (mkN01 "مرغ" Animate) ; Coffee = mkCN (mkN01 "قهوه" Inanimate) ; Fish = mkCN L.fish_N ; Meat = mkCN (mkN01 "گوشت" Inanimate) ; Milk = mkCN L.milk_N ; Pizza = mkCN (mkN01 "پیتزا" Inanimate) ; Salt = mkCN L.salt_N ; Tea = mkCN (mkN01 "چای" Inanimate) ; Water = mkCN L.water_N; Wine = mkCN L.wine_N ; -- Properties; many of them are in the resource lexicon, others can be built by $mkA$. Bad = L.bad_A ; Boring = mkA ["خسته کننده"] ; Cheap = mkA "ارزان" ; Cold = L.cold_A ; Delicious = mkA "خوشمزه" ; Expensive = mkA "گران" ; Fresh = mkA "تازه" ; Good = L.good_A ; Suspect = mkA "مشکوک" ; Warm = L.warm_A ; -- Places require different prepositions to express location; in some languages -- also the directional preposition varies, but in English we use $to$, as -- defined by $mkPlace$. Airport = mkPlace "فرودگاه" "در" ; AmusementPark = mkPlace "شهربازی" "در" ; Bank = mkPlace "بانک" "در" ; Bar = mkPlace "بار" "در" ; Cafeteria = mkPlace ["کافه تریا"] "در" ; Center = mkPlace "مرکز" "در" ; Cinema = mkPlace "سینما" "در" ; Church = mkPlace "کلیسا" "در" ; Disco = mkPlace "دیسکو" "در" ; Hospital = mkPlace "بیمارستان" "در" ; Hotel = mkPlace "هتل" "در" ; Museum = mkPlace "موزه" "در" ; Park = mkPlace "پارک" "در" ; Parking = mkPlace "پارکینگ" "در" ; Pharmacy = mkPlace "داروخانه" "در" ; PostOffice = mkCompoundPlace "اداره" "پست" "در" ; Pub = mkPlace "میخانه" "در" ; Restaurant = mkPlace "رستوران" "در" ; School = mkPlace "مدرسه" "در" ; Shop = mkPlace "مغازه" "در"; Station = mkPlace "ایستگاه" "در" ; Supermarket = mkPlace "فروشگاه" "در" ; Theatre = mkPlace "تئاتر" "در" ; Toilet = mkPlace "دستشویی" "در" ; University = mkPlace "دانشگاه" "در"; Zoo = mkPlace ["باغ وحش"] "در" ; CitRestaurant cit = mkCNPlace (mkCN cit (mkCN (mkN01 "رستوران" Inanimate))) in_Prep to_Prep ; -- Currencies; $crown$ is ambiguous between Danish and Swedish crowns. DanishCrown = mkCN (mkA "دانمارک") (mkCN (mkN01 "کرون" Inanimate)) | mkCN (mkN01 "کرون" Inanimate) ; Dollar = mkCN (mkN01 "دلار" Inanimate) ; Euro = mkCN (mkN01 "یورو" Inanimate) ; -- to prevent euroes Lei = mkCN (mkN01 "لی" Inanimate) ; -- check this Leva = mkCN (mkN01 "لوا" Inanimate) ; NorwegianCrown = mkCN (mkA "نروژ") (mkCN (mkN01 "کرون" Inanimate)) | mkCN (mkN01 "کرون" Inanimate) ; Pound = mkCN (mkN01 "پوند" Inanimate) ; Rouble = mkCN (mkN01 "روبل" Inanimate) ; SwedishCrown = mkCN (mkA "سوئد") (mkCN (mkN01 "کرون" Inanimate)) | mkCN (mkN01 "کرون" Inanimate) ; Zloty = mkCN (mkN01 "زلوتی" Inanimate) ; check this -- Nationalities Belgian = mkA "بلژیکی" ; Belgium = mkNP (mkPN "بلژیک" Inanimate) ; Bulgarian = mkNat "بلغاری" "بلغارستان" ; Catalan = mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN "کاتالان" Inanimate)) (mkNP (mkPN "کاتالان" Inanimate)) (mkA "کاتالان") ; Danish = mkNat "دانمارکی" "دانمارک" ; Dutch = mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN "هلندی" Inanimate)) (mkNP the_Quant (mkCN (mkN01 "هلندی" Inanimate))) (mkA "هلندی") ; English = mkNat "انگلیسی" "انگلستان" ; Finnish = mkNat "فنلاندی" "فنلاند" ; Flemish = mkNP (mkPN "فلاندرز" Inanimate) ; French = mkNat "فرانسوی" "فرانسه" ; German = mkNat "آلمانی" "آلمان" ; Italian = mkNat "ایتالیایی" "ایتالیا" ; Norwegian = mkNat "نروژی" "نروژ" ; Polish = mkNat "لهستانی" "لهستان" ; Romanian = mkNat "رومانیایی" "رومانی" ; Russian = mkNat "روسی" "روسیه" ; Spanish = mkNat "اسپانیایی" "اسپانیا" ; Swedish = mkNat "سوئدی" "سوئد" ; -- Means of transportation Bike = mkTransport L.bike_N ; Bus = mkTransport (mkN01 "اتوبوس" Inanimate) ; Car = mkTransport L.car_N ; Ferry = mkTransport (mkN01 "قایق" Inanimate) ; Plane = mkTransport L.airplane_N ; Subway = mkTransport (mkN01 "مترو" Inanimate) ; Taxi = mkTransport (mkN01 "تاکسی" Inanimate) ; Train = mkTransport (mkN01 "قطار" Inanimate) ; -- check this Tram = mkTransport (mkN01 "تراموا" Inanimate) ; ByFoot = P.mkAdv "پیاده" ; -- Actions: the predication patterns are very often language-dependent. -- AHasAge p num = mkCl p.name (mkNP (mkNP num L.year_N) (ParadigmsPes.mkAdv "ک")); AHasAge p num = mkCl p.name (mkNP num (mkCN L.year_N)); AHasChildren p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP num L.child_N) ; AHasRoom p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (mkCN (mkN01 "اتاق" Inanimate))) (SyntaxPes.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (mkCN (P.mkN01 "شخص" Animate))))) ; AHasTable p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (mkCN (mkN01 "میز" Inanimate))) (SyntaxPes.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (mkCN (P.mkN01 "شخص" Animate))))) ; AHasName p name = mkCl (nameOf p) name ; AHungry p = mkCl p.name (mkA "گرسنه") ; AIll p = mkCl p.name (mkA "بیمار") ; AKnow p = mkCl p.name (mkV "داستن" "دان") ; ALike p item = mkCl p.name (L.like_V2) item ; ALive p co = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP (L.live_V)) (SyntaxPes.mkAdv in_Prep co)) ; ALove p q = mkCl p.name (L.love_V2) q.name ; AMarried p = mkCl p.name (mkA "متأهل") ; AReady p = mkCl p.name (mkA "آماده") ; AScared p = mkCl p.name (P.mkA "ترسیده") ; ASpeak p lang = mkCl p.name L.speak_V2 lang ; AThirsty p = mkCl p.name (mkA "تشنه") ; ATired p = mkCl p.name (P.mkA "خسته") ; AUnderstand p = mkCl p.name (mkV "فهمیدن" "فهم") ; -- "فهمید" is the past root and "فهمیدن" is the infinitive AWant p obj = mkCl p.name (mkV2 (mkV "خواستن" "خواه")) obj ; -- AWantGo p place = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.name) ; AWantGo p place = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) (SyntaxPes.mkAdv (P.mkPrep "به") place.name)) ; -- miscellaneous -- QWhatName p = mkQS (mkQCl whatSg_IP (mkVP (nameOf p))) ; QWhatName p = mkQS (mkQCl what_IAdv (mkNP p.poss (lin N (mkN01 "نام" Inanimate)))) ; -- QWhatAge p = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkNP p.poss) (P.mkAdv "سال"))) ; QWhatAge p = mkQS (mkQCl howMuchAge_IAdv (mkNP (mkNP p.poss) (P.mkAdv "سال"))) ; -- HowMuchCost item = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl item (P.mkAdv ["قیمت داشتن"]))) ; HowMuchCost item = mkQS (mkQCl howMuchCost_IAdv (mkNP (lin Predet {s = "قیمت"}) item)) ; ItCost item price = mkCl item (mkV2 (mkV "قیمت" "")) price ; PropOpen p = mkCl p.name open_Adv ; PropClosed p = mkCl p.name closed_Adv ; -- PropOpenDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d) open_Adv) ; PropOpenDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP open_Adv) d) ; -- PropClosedDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d) closed_Adv) ; PropClosedDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP closed_Adv) d) ; -- PropOpenDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP open_Adv) d.habitual); PropOpenDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkNP d.name open_Adv)); -- PropClosedDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d.habitual) closed_Adv) ; PropClosedDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkNP d.name closed_Adv)) ; -- Building phrases from strings is complicated: the solution is to use -- mkText : Text -> Text -> Text ; PSeeYouDate d = mkText (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("شما را"))) (mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt d)) (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("می بینم")))) ; PSeeYouPlace p = mkText (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("شما را"))) (mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt p.at)) (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("می بینم")))) ; PSeeYouPlaceDate p d = mkText (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("شما را"))) (mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt p.at)) (mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt d)) (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("می بینم"))))) ; -- Relations are expressed as "می wفe" or "می سْn'س wفe", as defined by $xOf$ -- below. Languages without productive genitives must use an equivalent of -- "تهe wفe ْف می سْن" for non-pronouns. Wife = xOf ssing (mkN01 "زن" Animate) ; Husband = xOf ssing (mkN01 "شوهر" Animate) ; Son = xOf ssing (mkN01 "پسر" Animate) ; Daughter = xOf ssing (mkN01 "دختر" Animate) ; Children = xOf plur L.child_N ; -- week days Monday = mkDay "دوشنبه" ; Tuesday = mkDay "سه شنبه" ; Wednesday = mkDay "چهارشنبه" ; Thursday = mkDay "پنج شنبه" ; Friday = mkDay "جمعه" ; Saturday = mkDay "شنبه" ; Sunday = mkDay "یکشنبه" ; Tomorrow = P.mkAdv "فردا" ; -- modifiers of places TheBest = mkSuperl L.good_A ; TheClosest = mkSuperl L.near_A ; TheCheapest = mkSuperl (mkA "ارزان") ; TheMostExpensive = mkSuperl (mkA "گران") ; TheMostPopular = mkSuperl (mkA "پرطرفدار") ; TheWorst = mkSuperl L.bad_A ; SuperlPlace sup p = placeNP sup p ; -- transports HowFar place = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP tA_Prep place.name)) ; HowFarFrom x y = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP (mkNP from_Prep x.name) (SyntaxPes.mkAdv tA_Prep y.name ))) ; HowFarFromBy x y t = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP (mkNP (mkNP from_Prep x.name) (SyntaxPes.mkAdv tA_Prep y.name)) t)) ; HowFarBy y t = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP (mkNP tA_Prep y.name) t)) ; WhichTranspPlace trans place = mkQS (mkQCl (SyntaxPes.mkIP which_IDet trans.name) (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to)) ; IsTranspPlace trans place = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkCN trans.name place.to))) ; -- auxiliaries oper mkNat : Str -> Str -> NPNationality = \nat,co -> mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN nat Inanimate)) (mkNP (mkPN co Inanimate)) (mkA nat) ; mkDay : Str -> {name : NP ; point : Adv ; habitual : Adv} = \d -> let day = mkNP (mkPN d Inanimate) in mkNPDay day (SyntaxPes.mkAdv no_Prep day) (SyntaxPes.mkAdv to_Prep (mkNP a_Quant sgNum (mkCN (mkN01 d Inanimate)))) ; --changed from plNum to sgNum mkCompoundPlace : Str -> Str -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep; isPl : Bool} = \comp, p, i -> -- mkCNPlace (mkCN (P.mkN01 comp (mkN01 p))) (P.mkPrep i) to_Prep ; mkCNPlace (mkCN (mkN01 (comp++p) Inanimate)) (P.mkPrep i) to_Prep ; mkPlace : Str -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep; isPl : Bool} = \p,i -> mkCNPlace (mkCN (mkN01 p Inanimate)) (P.mkPrep i) to_Prep ; -- mkPlaceFem : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep; isPl : Bool} = \p,i,g -> -- mkCNPlace (mkCN (P.mkN01 p Inanimate)) (P.mkPrep i) to_Prep ; open_Adv = P.mkAdv "باز"; open_Predet = lin Predet {s = "باز"}; closed_Adv = P.mkAdv "بسته" ; xOf : SentencesPes.GNumber -> N -> NPPerson -> NPPerson = \n,x,p -> relativePerson n (mkCN x) (\a,b,c -> mkNP (GenNP b) a c) p ; nameOf : NPPerson -> NP = \p -> (xOf ssing (mkN01 "نام" Inanimate) p).name ; ssing = False ; mkTransport : N -> {name : CN ; by : Adv} = \n -> { name = mkCN n ; by = SyntaxPes.mkAdv by8means_Prep (mkNP n) } ; -- mkSuperl : A -> Det = \a -> SyntaxPes.mkDet the_Art (SyntaxPes.mkOrd a) ; mkSuperl : A -> Det = \a -> lin Det { s = a.s ! bEzafa ++ "ترین" ; n = Sg ; isNum = False ; fromPron = False} ; -- far_IAdv = ExtraPes.IAdvAdv (P.mkAdv "دور") ; far_IAdv = lin IAdv {s = "چقدر راه"} ; howMuchAge_IAdv = lin IAdv {s = "چند"} ; howMuchCost_IAdv = lin IAdv {s = "چقدر"} ; what_IAdv = lin IAdv {s = ["چه چیزی"]} ; no_Prep = lin Prep {s = ""} ; tA_Prep = lin Prep {s = "تا"} ; ------------------- --modN : N -> N = \noun -> lin N {s = \\n,c =>noun.s!n!c++"ک" ; g =noun.g} ; --modQuant : Quant -> Quant = \q -> lin Quant {s = \\n,g,c => q.s ! n ! Fem ! c ; a = q.a}; --modNP : NP -> NP = \np -> lin NP {s = \\_ => np.s ! NPC Obl ; a = np.a}; }