--2 Implementations of Words, with English as example concrete WordsUrd of Words = SentencesUrd ** open SyntaxUrd, CommonHindustani, ParadigmsUrd, (L = LexiconUrd), (P = ParadigmsUrd), -- IrregUrd, ExtraUrd, Prelude in { flags coding = utf8 ; lin -- Kinds; many of them are in the resource lexicon, others can be built by $mkN$. Apple = mkCN L.apple_N ; Beer = mkCN L.beer_N ; Bread = mkCN L.bread_N ; Cheese = mkCN (mkN "پنیر" Fem) ; Chicken = mkCN (mkN "مرغی") ; Coffee = mkCN (mkN "كافی") ; Fish = mkCN L.fish_N ; Meat = mkCN (mkN "گوشت") ; Milk = mkCN L.milk_N ; Pizza = mkCN (mkN "پیزہ") ; Salt = mkCN L.salt_N ; Tea = mkCN (mkN "چاے" Fem) ; Water = mkCN L.water_N; Wine = mkCN L.wine_N ; -- Properties; many of them are in the resource lexicon, others can be built by $mkA$. Bad = L.bad_A ; Boring = mkA "فضول" ; Cheap = mkA "سستا" ; Cold = L.cold_A ; Delicious = mkA "مزیدار" ; Expensive = mkA "مہنگا" ; Fresh = mkA "تازہ" ; Good = L.good_A ; Suspect = mkA "برا" ; Warm = L.warm_A ; -- Places require different prepositions to express location; in some languages -- also the directional preposition varies, but in English we use $to$, as -- defined by $mkPlace$. Airport = mkPlace "ہوای اڈہ" "پر" ; AmusementPark = mkCompoundPlace "ایمیوزیم" "پارك" "میں" ; Bank = mkPlace "بینك" "میں" ; Bar = mkPlace "بار" "میں" ; Cafeteria = mkPlace "كنتین" "میں" ; Center = mkPlace "سنٹر" "پر" ; Cinema = mkPlace "سینما" "میں" ; Church = mkPlace "چرچ" "میں" ; Disco = mkPlace "ڈسكو" "میں" ; Hospital = mkPlace "ہسپتال" "میں" ; Hotel = mkPlace "ہوٹل" "میں" ; Museum = mkPlace "میوزیم" "پر" ; Park = mkPlace "پارك" "میں" ; Parking = mkCompoundPlace "كار" "پارك" "میں" ; Pharmacy = mkPlace "فارمیسی" "پر" ; PostOffice = mkCompoundPlace "ڈاك" "خانہ" "پر" ; Pub = mkPlace "پب" "میں" ; Restaurant = mkPlace "ہوٹل" "میں" ; School = mkPlace "سكول" "میں" ; Shop = mkPlaceFem "دوكان" "میں" Fem; Station = mkPlace "سٹیشن" "پر" ; Supermarket = mkPlace "سپر ماركیٹ" "میں" ; Theatre = mkPlace "تھیٹر" "پر" ; Toilet = mkPlace "غسل خانہ" "میں" ; University = mkPlaceFem "یونیورسٹی" "میں" Fem; Zoo = mkPlace "چڑیا گھر" "میں" ; CitRestaurant cit = mkCNPlace (mkCN cit (mkN "ہوٹل")) in_Prep to_Prep ; -- Currencies; $crown$ is ambiguous between Danish and Swedish crowns. DanishCrown = mkCN (mkA "ڈینش") (mkN "كراون") | mkCN (mkN "كراون") ; Dollar = mkCN (mkN "ڈالر") ; Euro = mkCN (mkN "یورو") ; -- to prevent euroes Lei = mkCN (mkN "لی") ; Leva = mkCN (mkN "لیوا") ; NorwegianCrown = mkCN (mkA "نارویجن") (mkN "كراون") | mkCN (mkN "كراون") ; Pound = mkCN (mkN "پاونڈ") ; Rouble = mkCN (mkN "روبل") ; SwedishCrown = mkCN (mkA "سویڈش") (mkN "كراون") | mkCN (mkN "كراون") ; Zloty = mkCN (mkN "زلوٹی" Fem) ; -- Nationalities Belgian = mkA "بلجیم" ; Belgium = mkNP (mkPN "بلجیم") ; Bulgarian = mkNat "بلغارین" "بلغاریہ" ; Catalan = mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN "كیٹالان")) (mkNP (mkPN "كاٹالان")) (mkA "كاٹالانین") ; Danish = mkNat "ڈینش" "ڈنمارك" ; Dutch = mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN "ڈچ")) (mkNP the_Quant (mkN "نیدرلینڈ")) (mkA "ڈچ") ; English = mkNat "انگلش" "انگلینڈ" ; Finnish = mkNat "فنش" "فنلینڈ" ; Flemish = mkNP (mkPN "فلیمش") ; French = mkNat "فرانسیسی" "فرانس" ; German = mkNat "جرمن" "جرمنی" ; Italian = mkNat "اطالوی" "اٹلی" ; Norwegian = mkNat "نارویجن" "ناروے" ; Polish = mkNat "پولش" "پولینڈ" ; Romanian = mkNat "رومانین" "رومانیہ" ; Russian = mkNat "روسی" "روس" ; Spanish = mkNat "سپینی" "سپین" ; Swedish = mkNat "سویڈش" "سویڈن" ; -- Means of transportation Bike = mkTransport L.bike_N ; Bus = mkTransport (mkN "بس" Fem) ; Car = mkTransport L.car_N ; Ferry = mkTransport (mkN "فیری") ; Plane = mkTransport L.airplane_N ; Subway = mkTransport (mkN "سب وے") ; Taxi = mkTransport (mkN "ٹیكسی") ; Train = mkTransport (mkN "ریل گاڑی") ; Tram = mkTransport (mkN "ٹرام" Fem) ; ByFoot = P.mkAdv "پیدل" ; -- Actions: the predication patterns are very often language-dependent. -- AHasAge p num = mkCl p.name (mkNP (mkNP num L.year_N) (ParadigmsUrd.mkAdv "كا")); AHasAge p num = mkCl p.name (mkNP num (mkCN (modN L.year_N))); AHasChildren p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP num L.child_N) ; AHasRoom p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (mkN "كمرہ")) (SyntaxUrd.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (P.mkN "شخص" "شخص" "شخص" "اشخاص" "اشخاص" "شخصو" masculine)))) ; AHasTable p num = mkCl p.name have_V2 (mkNP (mkNP a_Det (mkN "میز")) (SyntaxUrd.mkAdv for_Prep (mkNP num (P.mkN "شخص" "شخص" "شخص" "اشخاص" "اشخاص" "شخصو" masculine)))) ; AHasName p name = mkCl (nameOf p) name ; AHungry p = mkCl p.name (mkA "بھوكا") ; AIll p = mkCl p.name (mkA "بیمار") ; AKnow p = mkCl p.name (mkV "جاننا") ; ALike p item = mkCl p.name (L.like_V2) item ; ALive p co = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP (L.live_V)) (SyntaxUrd.mkAdv in_Prep co)) ; ALove p q = mkCl p.name (L.love_V2) q.name ; AMarried p = mkCl p.name (mkA "شادی شدہ") ; AReady p = mkCl p.name (mkA "تیار") ; AScared p = mkCl p.name (P.mkCompoundA "ڈرا" "ہوا") ; ASpeak p lang = mkCl p.name L.speak_V2 lang ; AThirsty p = mkCl p.name (mkA "پیاسا") ; ATired p = mkCl p.name (P.mkCompoundA "تھكا" "ہوا") ; AUnderstand p = mkCl p.name (mkV "سمجھنا") ; AWant p obj = mkCl p.name (mkV2 (mkV "چاہنا")) obj ; -- AWantGo p place = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.name) ; AWantGo p place = mkCl p.name want_VV (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to) ; -- miscellaneous -- QWhatName p = mkQS (mkQCl whatSg_IP (mkVP (nameOf p))) ; QWhatName p = mkQS (mkQCl what_IAdv (mkNP p.poss (P.mkN "نام" "نام" "نام" "نام" "نام" "نام" masculine))) ; -- QWhatAge p = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkNP (modQuant p.poss)) (mkAdv "عمر"))) ; QWhatAge p = mkQS (mkQCl howMuch_IAdv (mkNP (modQuant p.poss) (P.mkN "عمر" feminine))) ; HowMuchCost item = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (modNP item) (mkAdv ["كی قیمت"]))) ; -- HowMuchCost item = mkQS (mkQCl howMuch_IAdv (mkNP cost_Predet (modNP item))) ; ItCost item price = mkCl item (mkV2 (mkV "قیمت")) price ; PropOpen p = mkCl p.name open_Adv ; PropClosed p = mkCl p.name closed_Adv ; PropOpenDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d) open_Adv) ; PropClosedDate p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d) closed_Adv) ; PropOpenDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d.habitual) open_Adv); PropClosedDay p d = mkCl p.name (mkVP (mkVP d.habitual) closed_Adv) ; -- Building phrases from strings is complicated: the solution is to use -- mkText : Text -> Text -> Text ; PSeeYouDate d = mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt d)) (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("ملتے ہیں"))) ; PSeeYouPlace p = mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt p.at)) (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("ملتے ہیں"))) ; PSeeYouPlaceDate p d = mkText (mkText (mkPhrase (mkUtt p.at)) (mkPhrase (mkUtt d))) (lin Text (Prelude.ss ("ملتے ہیں"))) ; -- Relations are expressed as "می وiفع" or "می سon'س وiفع", as defined by $xOf$ -- below. Languages without productive genitives must use an equivalent of -- "تہع وiفع oف می سoن" for non-pronouns. Wife = xOf ssing (mkN "بیوی") ; Husband = xOf ssing (mkN "شوہر") ; Son = xOf ssing (mkN "بیٹا") ; Daughter = xOf ssing (mkN "بیٹی") ; Children = xOf plur L.child_N ; -- week days Monday = mkDay "سوموار" ; Tuesday = mkDay "منگل" ; Wednesday = mkDay "بدھ" ; Thursday = mkDay "جمعرات" ; Friday = mkDay "جمعہ" ; Saturday = mkDay "ہفتہ" ; Sunday = mkDay "اتوار" ; Tomorrow = P.mkAdv "كل" ; -- modifiers of places TheBest = mkSuperl L.good_A ; TheClosest = mkSuperl L.near_A ; TheCheapest = mkSuperl (mkA "سستا") ; TheMostExpensive = mkSuperl (mkA "مہنگا") ; TheMostPopular = mkSuperl (mkA "مشہور") ; TheWorst = mkSuperl L.bad_A ; SuperlPlace sup p = placeNP sup p ; -- transports HowFar place = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv place.name) ; HowFarFrom x y = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP y.name (SyntaxUrd.mkAdv from_Prep x.name))) ; HowFarFromBy x y t = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP (mkNP y.name (SyntaxUrd.mkAdv from_Prep x.name)) t)) ; HowFarBy y t = mkQS (mkQCl far_IAdv (mkNP y.name t)) ; WhichTranspPlace trans place = mkQS (mkQCl (SyntaxUrd.mkIP which_IDet trans.name) (mkVP (mkVP L.go_V) place.to)) ; IsTranspPlace trans place = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkCN trans.name place.to))) ; -- auxiliaries oper mkNat : Str -> Str -> NPNationality = \nat,co -> mkNPNationality (mkNP (mkPN nat)) (mkNP (mkPN co)) (mkA nat) ; mkDay : Str -> {name : NP ; point : Adv ; habitual : Adv} = \d -> -- let day = mkNP (mkPN d) in -- let day = (mkNP (mkCN (mkN d))) in mkNPDay (mkNP (mkCN (mkN d))) (SyntaxUrd.mkAdv to_Prep (mkNP (mkCN (mkN d)))) (SyntaxUrd.mkAdv to_Prep (mkNP (mkCN (mkN d)))) ; --changed from plNum to sgNum mkCompoundPlace : Str -> Str -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep; isPl : Bool} = \comp, p, i -> -- mkCNPlace (mkCN (P.mkN comp (mkN p))) (P.mkPrep i) to_Prep ; mkCNPlace (mkCN (mkN (comp++p))) (P.mkPrep i i) to_Prep ; mkPlace : Str -> Str -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep; isPl : Bool} = \p,i -> mkCNPlace (mkCN (mkN p)) (P.mkPrep i i) to_Prep ; mkPlaceFem : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {name : CN ; at : Prep ; to : Prep; isPl : Bool} = \p,i,g -> mkCNPlace (mkCN (P.mkN p g)) (P.mkPrep i i) to_Prep ; open_Adv = P.mkAdv "كھلا" "كھلی"; closed_Adv = P.mkAdv "بند" ; xOf : SentencesUrd.GNumber -> N -> NPPerson -> NPPerson = \n,x,p -> relativePerson n (mkCN x) (\a,b,c -> mkNP (GenNP b) a c) p ; nameOf : NPPerson -> NP = \p -> (xOf ssing (mkN "نام") p).name ; ssing = False ; mkTransport : N -> {name : CN ; by : Adv} = \n -> { name = mkCN n ; by = SyntaxUrd.mkAdv by8means_Prep (mkNP n) } ; -- mkSuperl : A -> Det = \a -> SyntaxUrd.mkDet the_Art (SyntaxUrd.mkOrd a) ; mkSuperl : A -> Det = \a -> lin Det { s = \\n,g,c => a.s ! n ! g ! c ! Superl ; n = Sg } ; far_IAdv = ExtraUrd.IAdvAdv (P.mkAdv "دور") ; what_IAdv = lin IAdv {s = "كیا"} ; howMuch_IAdv = lin IAdv {s = "كتنی"} ; -- cost_Predet = lin Predet {s = ["كی قیمت"]} ; ------------------- modN : N -> N = \noun -> lin N {s = \\n,c =>noun.s!n!c++"كا" ; g =noun.g} ; modQuant : Quant -> Quant = \q -> lin Quant {s = \\n,g,c => q.s ! n ! Fem ! c ; a = q.a}; modNP : NP -> NP = \np -> lin NP {s = \\_ => np.s ! NPC Obl ; a = np.a}; }