{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase       #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards  #-}

-- | A simple application architecture style inspired by PureScript's Pux
-- framework.
module GI.Gtk.Declarative.App.Simple
  ( App(..)
  , AppView
  , Transition(..)
  , run
  , runLoop
  )
where

import           Control.Concurrent
import qualified Control.Concurrent.Async       as Async
import           Control.Exception              (Exception, throw)
import           Control.Monad
import           Data.Typeable
import qualified GI.Gdk                         as Gdk
import qualified GI.GLib.Constants              as GLib
import qualified GI.Gtk                         as Gtk
import           GI.Gtk.Declarative
import           GI.Gtk.Declarative.EventSource
import           GI.Gtk.Declarative.State
import           Pipes
import           Pipes.Concurrent
import           System.Exit
import           System.IO

-- | Describes an state reducer application.
data App window state event =
  App
    { update       :: state -> event -> Transition state event
    -- ^ The update function of an application reduces the current state and
    -- a new event to a 'Transition', which decides if and how to transition
    -- to the next state.
    , view         :: state -> AppView window event
    -- ^ The view renders a state value as a window, parameterized by the
    -- 'App's event type.
    , inputs       :: [Producer event IO ()]
    -- ^ Inputs are pipes 'Producer's that feed events into the application.
    , initialState :: state
    -- ^ The initial state value of the state reduction loop.
    }

-- | The top-level widget for the 'view' function of an 'App',
-- requiring a GTK+ 'Window'.
type AppView window event = Bin window event

-- | The result of applying the 'update' function, deciding if and how to
-- transition to the next state.
data Transition state event =
  -- Transition to the given state, and with an IO action that may return a
  -- new event.
  Transition state (IO (Maybe event))
  -- | Exit the application.
  | Exit

-- | An exception thrown by the 'run' function when gtk's main loop exits
-- before event/state handling which should never happen but can be caused
-- by user code calling 'Gtk.mainQuit'
data GtkMainExitedException =
  GtkMainExitedException String deriving (Typeable, Show)

instance Exception GtkMainExitedException

-- | Initialize GTK and run the application in it. This is a
-- convenience function that is highly recommended. If you need more
-- flexibility, e.g. to set up GTK+ yourself, use 'runLoop' instead.
run
  :: (Typeable event, Gtk.IsWindow window, Gtk.IsBin window)
  => App window state event      -- ^ Application to run
  -> IO state
run app = do
  assertRuntimeSupportsBoundThreads
  void $ Gtk.init Nothing
  Async.withAsync (runLoop app <* Gtk.mainQuit) $ \lastState -> do
    Gtk.main
    Async.poll lastState >>= \case
      Nothing -> throw $
        GtkMainExitedException "gtk's main loop exited unexpectedly"
      Just (Right state) -> return state
      Just (Left exception) -> throw exception

-- | Run an 'App'. This IO action will loop, so run it in a separate thread
-- using 'async' if you're calling it before the GTK main loop.
--
-- @
--     void $ Gtk.init Nothing
--     void . async $ do
--       runLoop app
--       -- In case the run loop exits, quit the main GTK loop.
--       Gtk.mainQuit
--     Gtk.main
-- @
runLoop
  :: (Typeable event, Gtk.IsWindow window, Gtk.IsBin window)
  => App window state event
  -> IO state
runLoop App {..} = do
  let firstMarkup = view initialState
  events                  <- newChan
  (firstState, subscription) <- do
    firstState <- runUI (create firstMarkup)
    runUI (Gtk.widgetShowAll =<< someStateWidget firstState)
    sub <- subscribe firstMarkup firstState (publishEvent events)
    return (firstState, sub)
  void . forkIO $ runEffect
    (mergeProducers inputs >-> publishInputEvents events)
  loop firstState firstMarkup events subscription initialState

  where
    loop oldState oldMarkup events oldSubscription oldModel = do
      event <- readChan events
      case update oldModel event of
        Transition newModel action -> do
          let newMarkup = view newModel

          (newState, sub) <-
            case patch oldState oldMarkup newMarkup of
              Modify ma -> runUI $ do
                cancel oldSubscription
                newState <- ma
                sub <- subscribe newMarkup newState (publishEvent events)
                return (newState, sub)
              Replace createNew -> runUI $ do
                Gtk.widgetDestroy =<< someStateWidget oldState
                cancel oldSubscription
                newState <- createNew
                Gtk.widgetShowAll =<< someStateWidget newState
                sub <- subscribe newMarkup newState (publishEvent events)
                return (newState, sub)
              Keep -> return (oldState, oldSubscription)

          -- If the action returned by the update function produced an event, then
          -- we write that to the channel.
          --
          -- TODO: Use prioritized queue for events returned by 'update', to take
          -- precendence over those from 'inputs'.
          void . forkIO $ action >>= maybe (return ()) (writeChan events)

          -- Finally, we loop.
          loop newState newMarkup events sub newModel
        Exit -> return oldModel

-- | Assert that the program was linked using the @-threaded@ flag, to
-- enable the threaded runtime required by this module.
assertRuntimeSupportsBoundThreads :: IO ()
assertRuntimeSupportsBoundThreads =
  unless rtsSupportsBoundThreads $ do
    hPutStrLn stderr "GI.Gtk.Declarative.App.Simple requires the program to \
                     \be linked using the threaded runtime of GHC (-threaded \
                     \flag)."
    exitFailure


publishEvent :: Chan event -> event -> IO ()
publishEvent mvar = void . writeChan mvar

mergeProducers :: [Producer a IO ()] -> Producer a IO ()
mergeProducers producers = do
  (output, input) <- liftIO $ spawn unbounded
  _               <- liftIO $ mapM (fork output) producers
  fromInput input
 where
  fork :: Output a -> Producer a IO () -> IO ()
  fork output producer = void $ forkIO $ do
    runEffect $ producer >-> toOutput output
    performGC

publishInputEvents :: Chan event -> Consumer event IO ()
publishInputEvents events = forever (await >>= liftIO . writeChan events)

runUI :: IO a -> IO a
runUI ma = do
  r <- newEmptyMVar
  runUI_ (ma >>= putMVar r)
  takeMVar r

runUI_ :: IO () -> IO ()
runUI_ ma =
  void . Gdk.threadsAddIdle GLib.PRIORITY_DEFAULT $ do
    ma
    return False