groundhog-0.4.0.1: Type-safe datatype-database mapping library.

Safe HaskellNone

Database.Groundhog.Core

Contents

Description

This module defines the functions and datatypes used throughout the framework. Most of them are for the internal use

Synopsis

Main types

class (PersistField v, PurePersistField (AutoKey v)) => PersistEntity v whereSource

Only instances of this class can be persisted in a database

Associated Types

data Field v :: ((* -> *) -> *) -> * -> *Source

This type is used for typesafe manipulation of separate fields of datatype v. Each constructor in Field corresponds to its field in a datatype v. It is parametrised by constructor phantom type and field value type.

data Key v :: * -> *Source

A unique identifier of a value stored in a database. This may be a primary key, a constraint or unique indices. The second parameter is the key description.

type AutoKey v Source

This type is the default autoincremented key for the entity. If entity does not have such key, AutoKey v = ().

type DefaultKey v Source

This type is the default key for the entity.

type IsSumType v Source

It is HFalse for entity with one constructor and HTrue for sum types.

Methods

entityDef :: v -> EntityDefSource

Returns a complete description of the type

toEntityPersistValues :: PersistBackend m => v -> m ([PersistValue] -> [PersistValue])Source

Marshalls value to a list of PersistValue ready for insert to a database

fromEntityPersistValues :: PersistBackend m => [PersistValue] -> m (v, [PersistValue])Source

Constructs the value from the list of PersistValue

getUniques :: DbDescriptor db => Proxy db -> v -> (Int, [(String, [PersistValue] -> [PersistValue])])Source

Returns constructor number and a list of uniques names and corresponding field values

entityFieldChain :: Field v c a -> FieldChainSource

Is internally used by FieldLike Field instance We could avoid this function if class FieldLike allowed FieldLike Fields Data or FieldLike (Fields Data). However that would require additional extensions in user-space code

data PersistValue Source

A raw value which can be stored in any backend and can be marshalled to and from a PersistField.

Constructors

PersistString String 
PersistByteString ByteString 
PersistInt64 Int64 
PersistDouble Double 
PersistBool Bool 
PersistDay Day 
PersistTimeOfDay TimeOfDay 
PersistUTCTime UTCTime 
PersistZonedTime ZT 
PersistNull 
PersistCustom Utf8 [PersistValue]

Creating some datatypes may require calling a function, using a special constructor, or other syntax. The string (which can have placeholders) is included into query without escaping. The recursive constructions are not allowed, i.e., [PersistValue] cannot contain PersistCustom values.

class PersistField a whereSource

Represents everything which can be put into a database. This data can be stored in multiple columns and tables. To get value of those columns we might need to access another table. That is why the result type is monadic.

Methods

persistName :: a -> StringSource

Return name of the type. If it is polymorphic, the names of parameter types are separated with delim symbol

toPersistValues :: PersistBackend m => a -> m ([PersistValue] -> [PersistValue])Source

Convert a value into something which can be stored in a database column. Note that for complex datatypes it may insert them to return identifier

fromPersistValues :: PersistBackend m => [PersistValue] -> m (a, [PersistValue])Source

Constructs a value from a PersistValue. For complex datatypes it may query the database

dbType :: a -> DbTypeSource

Description of value type

class PersistField a => SinglePersistField a whereSource

Represents all datatypes that map into a single column. Getting value for that column might require monadic actions to access other tables.

class PersistField v => Embedded v whereSource

Associated Types

data Selector v :: * -> *Source

Methods

selectorNum :: Selector v a -> IntSource

Instances

(PersistField a', PersistField b') => Embedded (a', b') 
(PersistField a', PersistField b', PersistField c') => Embedded (a', b', c') 
(PersistField a', PersistField b', PersistField c', PersistField d') => Embedded (a', b', c', d') 
(PersistField a', PersistField b', PersistField c', PersistField d', PersistField e') => Embedded (a', b', c', d', e') 

class PersistField a => Projection p db r a | p -> db r a whereSource

Any data that can be fetched from a database

Methods

projectionExprs :: p -> [UntypedExpr db r] -> [UntypedExpr db r]Source

It returns multiple expressions that can be transformed into values which can be selected. Difflist is used for concatenation efficiency.

projectionResult :: PersistBackend m => p -> [PersistValue] -> m (a, [PersistValue])Source

It is like fromPersistValues. However, we cannot use it for projections in all cases. For the PersistEntity instances fromPersistValues expects entity id instead of the entity values.

Instances

(PersistEntity v, IsUniqueKey k, ~ * k (Key v (Unique u)), ~ * r (RestrictionHolder v c)) => Projection (u (UniqueMarker v)) db r k 
EntityConstr v c => Projection (c (ConstructorMarker v)) db (RestrictionHolder v c) v 
(Projection a1 db r a1', Projection a2 db r a2') => Projection (a1, a2) db r (a1', a2') 
(EntityConstr v c, ~ * a (AutoKey v)) => Projection (AutoKeyField v c) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 
PersistField a => Projection (Expr db r a) db r a 
(Projection a1 db r a1', Projection a2 db r a2', Projection a3 db r a3') => Projection (a1, a2, a3) db r (a1', a2', a3') 
(EntityConstr v c, PersistField a) => Projection (SubField v c a) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 
(EntityConstr v c, PersistField a) => Projection (Field v c a) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 
(Projection a1 db r a1', Projection a2 db r a2', Projection a3 db r a3', Projection a4 db r a4') => Projection (a1, a2, a3, a4) db r (a1', a2', a3', a4') 
(Projection a1 db r a1', Projection a2 db r a2', Projection a3 db r a3', Projection a4 db r a4', Projection a5 db r a5') => Projection (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) db r (a1', a2', a3', a4', a5') 

data RestrictionHolder v c Source

Instances

data Unique u Source

A holder for Unique constraints

data KeyForBackend db v Source

It allows to store autogenerated keys of one database in another

Constructors

(DbDescriptor db, PersistEntity v) => KeyForBackend (AutoKeyType db) 

data BackendSpecific Source

Key marked with this type can have value for any backend

data ConstructorMarker v a Source

A phantom datatype to make instance head diffirent c (ConstructorMarker v)

Instances

data UniqueMarker v a Source

A phantom datatype to make instance head diffirent u (UniqueMarker v)

Instances

(PersistEntity v, IsUniqueKey k, ~ * k (Key v (Unique u)), ~ * (RestrictionHolder v c) r') => Expression db r' (u (UniqueMarker v)) 
(PersistEntity v, IsUniqueKey k, ~ * k (Key v (Unique u)), ~ * r (RestrictionHolder v c)) => FieldLike (u (UniqueMarker v)) db r k 
(PersistEntity v, IsUniqueKey (Key v (Unique u)), Projection (u (UniqueMarker v)) db r a') => Assignable (u (UniqueMarker v)) db r a' 
(PersistEntity v, IsUniqueKey k, ~ * k (Key v (Unique u)), ~ * r (RestrictionHolder v c)) => Projection (u (UniqueMarker v)) db r k 

data Proxy a Source

newtype ZT Source

Avoid orphan instances.

Constructors

ZT ZonedTime 

Instances

newtype Utf8 Source

Datatype for incremental building SQL queries

Constructors

Utf8 Builder 

Constructing expressions

data Cond db r Source

Represents condition for a query.

Constructors

And (Cond db r) (Cond db r) 
Or (Cond db r) (Cond db r) 
Not (Cond db r) 
Compare ExprRelation (UntypedExpr db r) (UntypedExpr db r) 
CondRaw (QueryRaw db r) 
CondEmpty 

Instances

HasSelectOptions (Cond db r) db r 

data ExprRelation Source

Constructors

Eq 
Ne 
Gt 
Lt 
Ge 
Le 

Instances

data Update db r Source

Constructors

forall f a . Assignable f db r a => Update f (UntypedExpr db r) 

(~>) :: (EntityConstr v c, FieldLike f db (RestrictionHolder v c) a, Embedded a) => f -> Selector a a' -> SubField v c a'Source

Accesses fields of the embedded datatypes. For example, SomeField ==. ("abc", "def") ||. SomeField ~> Tuple2_0Selector ==. "def"

class Assignable f db r a => FieldLike f db r a | f -> r a whereSource

This subset of Assignable is for plain database fields.

Instances

(PersistEntity v, IsUniqueKey k, ~ * k (Key v (Unique u)), ~ * r (RestrictionHolder v c)) => FieldLike (u (UniqueMarker v)) db r k 
(EntityConstr v c, ~ * a (AutoKey v)) => FieldLike (AutoKeyField v c) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 
(EntityConstr v c, PersistField a) => FieldLike (SubField v c a) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 
(EntityConstr v c, PersistField a) => FieldLike (Field v c a) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 

class Projection f db r a => Assignable f db r a | f -> r aSource

This subset of Projection instances is for things that behave like fields. Namely, they can occur in condition expressions (for example, Field and SubField) and on the left side of update statements. For example "lower(field)" is a valid Projection, but not Field like because it cannot be on the left side. Datatypes that index PostgreSQL arrays "arr[5]" or access composites "(comp).subfield" are valid instances of Assignable.

Instances

(PersistEntity v, IsUniqueKey (Key v (Unique u)), Projection (u (UniqueMarker v)) db r a') => Assignable (u (UniqueMarker v)) db r a' 
(EntityConstr v c, Projection (AutoKeyField v c) db r a') => Assignable (AutoKeyField v c) db r a' 
(EntityConstr v c, Projection (SubField v c a) db r a') => Assignable (SubField v c a) db r a' 
(EntityConstr v c, Projection (Field v c a) db r a') => Assignable (Field v c a) db r a' 

newtype SubField v c a Source

Constructors

SubField FieldChain 

Instances

(EntityConstr v c, PersistField a, ~ * (RestrictionHolder v c) r') => Expression db r' (SubField v c a) 
(EntityConstr v c, Projection (SubField v c a) db r a') => Assignable (SubField v c a) db r a' 
(EntityConstr v c, PersistField a) => FieldLike (SubField v c a) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 
(EntityConstr v c, PersistField a) => Projection (SubField v c a) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 

data AutoKeyField v c whereSource

It can be used in expressions like a regular field. For example, delete (AutoKeyField ==. k) or delete (AutoKeyField ==. k ||. SomeField ==. "DUPLICATE")

Constructors

AutoKeyField :: AutoKeyField v c 

Instances

(EntityConstr v c, ~ * (RestrictionHolder v c) r') => Expression db r' (AutoKeyField v c) 
(EntityConstr v c, Projection (AutoKeyField v c) db r a') => Assignable (AutoKeyField v c) db r a' 
(EntityConstr v c, ~ * a (AutoKey v)) => FieldLike (AutoKeyField v c) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 
(EntityConstr v c, ~ * a (AutoKey v)) => Projection (AutoKeyField v c) db (RestrictionHolder v c) a 

type FieldChain = ((String, DbType), [(String, EmbeddedDef)])Source

It is used to map field to column names. It can be either a column name for a regular field of non-embedded type or a list of this field and the outer fields in reverse order. Eg, fieldChain $ SomeField ~> Tuple2_0Selector may result in [("val0", DbString), ("some", DbEmbedded False [dbType "", dbType True])].

class NeverNull a Source

Types which are never NULL when converted to PersistValue. Consider the type Maybe (Maybe a). Now Nothing is stored as NULL, so we cannot distinguish between Just Nothing and Nothing which is a problem. The purpose of this class is to ban the inner Maybe's. Maybe this class can be removed when support for inner Maybe's appears.

data UntypedExpr db r whereSource

Used to uniformly represent fields, constants and more complex things, e.g., arithmetic expressions. A value should be converted to UntypedExpr for usage in expressions

Constructors

ExprRaw :: forall db r a. PersistField a => Expr db r a -> UntypedExpr db r 
ExprField :: FieldChain -> UntypedExpr db r 
ExprPure :: forall db r a. PurePersistField a => a -> UntypedExpr db r 

newtype Expr db r a Source

Expr with phantom type helps to keep type safety in complex expressions

Constructors

Expr (QueryRaw db r) 

Instances

(PersistField a, ~ * db' db, ~ * r' r) => Expression db' r' (Expr db r a) 
Eq (Expr db r a) 
(SqlDb db, ~ (* -> *) (QueryRaw db) (Snippet db), PersistField a, Num a) => Num (Expr db r a) 
Show (Expr db r a) 
PersistField a => Projection (Expr db r a) db r a 

data Order db r Source

Defines sort order of a result-set

Constructors

forall a f . FieldLike f db r a => Asc f 
forall a f . FieldLike f db r a => Desc f 

class HasSelectOptions a db r | a -> db r whereSource

This class helps to check that limit, offset, or order clauses are added to condition only once.

Associated Types

type HasLimit a Source

type HasOffset a Source

type HasOrder a Source

Instances

HasSelectOptions (Cond db r) db r 
HasSelectOptions (SelectOptions db r hasLimit hasOffset hasOrder) db r 

data SelectOptions db r hasLimit hasOffset hasOrder Source

Constructors

SelectOptions 

Instances

HasSelectOptions (SelectOptions db r hasLimit hasOffset hasOrder) db r 

orderBy :: (HasSelectOptions a db r, HasOrder a ~ HFalse) => a -> [Order db r] -> SelectOptions db r (HasLimit a) (HasOffset a) HTrueSource

Type description

data DbTypePrimitive Source

A DB data type. Naming attempts to reflect the underlying Haskell datatypes, eg DbString instead of DbVarchar. Different databases may have different representations for these types.

data DbType Source

Constructors

DbTypePrimitive DbTypePrimitive Bool (Maybe String) (Maybe ParentTableReference)

type, nullable, default value, reference

DbEmbedded EmbeddedDef (Maybe ParentTableReference) 
DbList String DbType

List table name and type of its argument

Instances

data EntityDef Source

Describes an ADT.

Constructors

EntityDef 

Fields

entityName :: String

Entity name. entityName (entityDef v) == persistName v

entitySchema :: Maybe String

Database schema for the entity table and tables of its constructors

typeParams :: [DbType]

Named types of the instantiated polymorphic type parameters

constructors :: [ConstructorDef]

List of entity constructors definitions

data EmbeddedDef Source

The first argument is a flag which defines if the field names should be concatenated with the outer field name (False) or used as is which provides full control over table column names (True). Value False should be the default value so that a datatype can be embedded without name conflict concern. The second argument list of field names and field types.

Constructors

EmbeddedDef Bool [(String, DbType)] 

newtype OtherTypeDef Source

Stores name for a database type

Constructors

OtherTypeDef ((DbTypePrimitive -> String) -> String) 

data ConstructorDef Source

Describes an entity constructor

Constructors

ConstructorDef 

Fields

constrNum :: Int

Number of the constructor in the ADT

constrName :: String

Constructor name

constrAutoKeyName :: Maybe String

Autokey name if any

constrParams :: [(String, DbType)]

Parameter names with their named type

constrUniques :: [UniqueDef]

Uniqueness constraints on the constructor fiels

class Constructor c whereSource

Phantom constructors are made instances of this class. This class should be used only by Template Haskell codegen

Methods

phantomConstrNum :: c (a :: * -> *) -> IntSource

Returns constructor index which can be used to get ConstructorDef from EntityDef

class PersistEntity v => EntityConstr v c whereSource

This class helps type inference in cases when query does not contain any fields which define the constructor, but the entity has only one. For example, in select $ AutoKeyField ==. k the condition would need type annotation with constructor name only if we select a sum type.

Methods

entityConstrNum :: Proxy v -> c (a :: * -> *) -> IntSource

Instances

(PersistEntity v, EntityConstr' (IsSumType v) c) => EntityConstr v c 

class PurePersistField uKey => IsUniqueKey uKey whereSource

Methods

extractUnique :: uKey ~ Key v u => v -> uKeySource

Creates value of unique key using the data extracted from the passed value

uniqueNum :: uKey -> IntSource

Ordinal number of the unique constraint in the list returned by constrUniques

data UniqueDef Source

Unique name and list of the field names that form a unique combination

data UniqueType Source

Defines how to treat the unique set of fields for a datatype

type ParentTableReference = (Either (EntityDef, Maybe String) (Maybe String, String, [String]), Maybe ReferenceActionType, Maybe ReferenceActionType)Source

The reference contains either EntityDef of the parent table and name of the unique constraint. Or for tables not mapped by Groundhog schema name, table name, and list of columns Reference to the autogenerated key of a mapped entity = (Left (entityDef, Nothing), onDelete, onUpdate) Reference to a unique key of a mapped entity = (Left (entityDef, Just uniqueKeyName), onDelete, onUpdate) Reference to a table that is not mapped = (Right (schema, tableName, columns), onDelete, onUpdate)

Migration

type SingleMigration = Either [String] [(Bool, Int, String)]Source

Either error messages or migration queries with safety flag and execution order

type NamedMigrations = Map String SingleMigrationSource

Datatype names and corresponding migrations

type Migration m = StateT NamedMigrations m ()Source

Database

class (Monad m, DbDescriptor (PhantomDb m)) => PersistBackend m whereSource

Associated Types

type PhantomDb m Source

A token which defines the DB type. For example, different monads working with Sqlite, return may Sqlite type.

Methods

insert :: PersistEntity v => v -> m (AutoKey v)Source

Insert a new record to a database and return its autogenerated key or ()

insert_ :: PersistEntity v => v -> m ()Source

Insert a new record to a database. For some backends it may be faster than insert.

insertBy :: (PersistEntity v, IsUniqueKey (Key v (Unique u))) => u (UniqueMarker v) -> v -> m (Either (AutoKey v) (AutoKey v))Source

Try to insert a record and return Right newkey. If there is a constraint violation for the given constraint, Left oldkey is returned , where oldkey is an identifier of the record with the matching values.

insertByAll :: PersistEntity v => v -> m (Either (AutoKey v) (AutoKey v))Source

Try to insert a record and return Right newkey. If there is a constraint violation for any constraint, Left oldkey is returned , where oldkey is an identifier of the record with the matching values. Note that if several constraints are violated, a key of an arbitrary matching record is returned.

replace :: (PersistEntity v, PrimitivePersistField (Key v BackendSpecific)) => Key v BackendSpecific -> v -> m ()Source

Replace a record with the given autogenerated key. Result is undefined if the record does not exist.

select :: (PersistEntity v, EntityConstr v c, HasSelectOptions opts (PhantomDb m) (RestrictionHolder v c)) => opts -> m [v]Source

Return a list of the records satisfying the condition. Example: select $ (FirstField ==. "abc" &&. SecondField >. "def") `orderBy` [Asc ThirdField] `limitTo` 100

selectAll :: PersistEntity v => m [(AutoKey v, v)]Source

Return a list of all records. Order is undefined. It is useful for datatypes with multiple constructors.

get :: (PersistEntity v, PrimitivePersistField (Key v BackendSpecific)) => Key v BackendSpecific -> m (Maybe v)Source

Fetch an entity from a database

getBy :: (PersistEntity v, IsUniqueKey (Key v (Unique u))) => Key v (Unique u) -> m (Maybe v)Source

Fetch an entity from a database by its unique key

update :: (PersistEntity v, EntityConstr v c) => [Update (PhantomDb m) (RestrictionHolder v c)] -> Cond (PhantomDb m) (RestrictionHolder v c) -> m ()Source

Update the records satisfying the condition. Example: update [FirstField =. "abc"] $ FirstField ==. "def"

delete :: (PersistEntity v, EntityConstr v c) => Cond (PhantomDb m) (RestrictionHolder v c) -> m ()Source

Remove the records satisfying the condition

deleteByKey :: (PersistEntity v, PrimitivePersistField (Key v BackendSpecific)) => Key v BackendSpecific -> m ()Source

Remove the record with given key. No-op if the record does not exist

count :: (PersistEntity v, EntityConstr v c) => Cond (PhantomDb m) (RestrictionHolder v c) -> m IntSource

Count total number of records satisfying the condition

countAll :: PersistEntity v => v -> m IntSource

Count total number of records with all constructors

project :: (PersistEntity v, EntityConstr v c, Projection p (PhantomDb m) (RestrictionHolder v c) a, HasSelectOptions opts (PhantomDb m) (RestrictionHolder v c)) => p -> opts -> m [a]Source

Fetch projection of some fields. Example: project (SecondField, ThirdField) $ (FirstField ==. "abc" &&. SecondField >. "def") `orderBy` [Asc ThirdField] `offsetBy` 100

migrate :: PersistEntity v => v -> Migration mSource

Check database schema and create migrations for the entity and the entities it contains

executeRawSource

Arguments

:: Bool

keep in cache

-> String

query

-> [PersistValue]

positional parameters

-> m () 

Execute raw query

queryRawSource

Arguments

:: Bool

keep in cache

-> String

query

-> [PersistValue]

positional parameters

-> (RowPopper m -> m a)

results processing function

-> m a 

Execute raw query with results

insertList :: PersistField a => [a] -> m Int64Source

getList :: PersistField a => Int64 -> m [a]Source

class PrimitivePersistField (AutoKeyType db) => DbDescriptor db whereSource

Associated Types

type AutoKeyType db Source

Type of the database default autoincremented key. For example, Sqlite has Int64

type QueryRaw db :: * -> *Source

Value of this type can be used as a part of a query. For example, it can be RenderS for relational databases, or BSON for MongoDB.

Methods

backendName :: Proxy db -> StringSource

Name of backend

newtype Monad m => DbPersist conn m a Source

Constructors

DbPersist 

Fields

unDbPersist :: ReaderT conn m a
 

Instances

MonadBaseControl IO m => MonadBaseControl IO (DbPersist conn m) 
MonadBase IO m => MonadBase IO (DbPersist conn m) 
Monad m => MonadReader conn (DbPersist conn m) 
MonadTrans (DbPersist conn) 
MonadTransControl (DbPersist conn) 
Monad m => Monad (DbPersist conn m) 
Functor m => Functor (DbPersist conn m) 
Applicative m => Applicative (DbPersist conn m) 
MonadLogger m => MonadLogger (DbPersist conn m) 
MonadIO m => MonadIO (DbPersist conn m) 

runDbPersist :: Monad m => DbPersist conn m a -> conn -> m aSource

Connections and transactions

class ConnectionManager cm conn | cm -> conn whereSource

Connection manager provides connection to the passed function handles transations. Manager can be a connection itself, a pool, Snaplet in Snap, foundation datatype in Yesod, etc.

Methods

withConn :: (MonadBaseControl IO m, MonadIO m) => (conn -> m a) -> cm -> m aSource

Extracts the connection from manager and opens the transaction.

withConnNoTransaction :: (MonadBaseControl IO m, MonadIO m) => (conn -> m a) -> cm -> m aSource

Extracts the connection.

class ConnectionManager cm conn => SingleConnectionManager cm conn Source

This connection manager always returns the same connection. This constraint is useful when performing operations which make sense only within one connection, for example, nested savepoints..

class Savepoint conn whereSource

Methods

withConnSavepoint :: (MonadBaseControl IO m, MonadIO m) => String -> m a -> conn -> m aSource

Wraps the passed action into a named savepoint