-- |A lowest common denominator interface to the Win32 and MacOSX MIDI bindings, MacOSX part.

module System.MIDI.MacOSX
  ( module System.MIDI.Base

    -- * MIDI sources and destionations 
  , Source
  , Destination
  , Connection
 
  , enumerateSources
  , enumerateDestinations
  
  , MIDIHasName  
  , getName
  , getModel
  , getManufacturer

    -- * connecting to a MIDI source or destination
  , openSource
  , openDestination
  , close
  , start
  , stop
  
    -- * sending messages
  , send
  , sendSysEx
  
    -- * manual polling of events 
  , getNextEvent
  , checkNextEvent
  , getEvents 
  , getEventsUntil 

  , getNextEvent'
  , checkNextEvent'
  , getEvents'
  , getEventsUntil' 
    
    -- * querying time
  , currentTime
  
    -- * creating a MIDI host (OSX only)
  , createSource
  , createDestination
  , disposeConnection
  
  ) where

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

import System.MIDI.Base

import Control.Monad
import Control.Concurrent.MVar
--import Control.Concurrent.Chan

import Control.Concurrent.STM
import Control.Concurrent.STM.TChan

import Data.List
import Foreign
import Foreign.StablePtr
import System.IO.Unsafe as Unsafe

import System.MacOSX.CoreFoundation
import System.MacOSX.CoreAudio
import System.MacOSX.CoreMIDI hiding (ShortMessage) 
import qualified System.MacOSX.CoreMIDI as CM

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- there are two identical ShortMessage definitions in two separate modules;
-- these function bridges them
_to_CM_SM :: ShortMessage -> CM.ShortMessage
_to_CM_SM (ShortMessage a b c d) = CM.ShortMessage a b c d

_from_CM_SM :: CM.ShortMessage -> ShortMessage
_from_CM_SM (CM.ShortMessage a b c d) = ShortMessage a b c d

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

getEvents :: Connection -> IO [MidiEvent]
getEvents conn = atomically $ getEvents' conn

getEventsUntil :: Connection -> TimeStamp -> IO [MidiEvent]
getEventsUntil conn tstamp = atomically $ getEventsUntil' conn tstamp

getNextEvent :: Connection -> IO (Maybe MidiEvent)
getNextEvent conn = atomically $ getNextEvent' conn

checkNextEvent :: Connection -> IO (Maybe MidiEvent)
checkNextEvent conn = atomically $ checkNextEvent' conn

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- | Gets all the events from the buffer.
getEvents' :: Connection -> STM [MidiEvent]
getEvents' conn = do
  m <- getNextEvent' conn
  case m of
    Nothing -> return []
    Just ev -> do
      evs <- getEvents' conn
      return (ev:evs)

-- | Gets all the events with timestamp less than the specified from the buffer.
getEventsUntil' :: Connection -> TimeStamp -> STM [MidiEvent]
getEventsUntil' conn until = do
  m <- checkNextEvent' conn
  case m of
    Nothing -> return []
    Just ev@(MidiEvent ts _) -> do
      if ts < until 
        then do
          getNextEvent' conn -- remove from the buffer
          evs <- getEventsUntil' conn until
          return (ev:evs)
        else
          return []
          
-- | Gets the next event from a buffered connection.
getNextEvent' :: Connection -> STM (Maybe MidiEvent)
getNextEvent' conn = case cn_fifo_cb conn of
  Right _   -> fail "this is not a buffered connection"
  Left chan -> do
    b <- isEmptyTChan chan
    if b 
      then return Nothing 
      else do
        x <- readTChan chan
        return (Just x)

-- | Checks the next event from a buffered connection, but does not remove it from the buffer
checkNextEvent' :: Connection -> STM (Maybe MidiEvent)
checkNextEvent' conn = case cn_fifo_cb conn of
  Right _   -> fail "this is not a buffered connection"
  Left chan -> do
    b <- isEmptyTChan chan
    if b 
      then return Nothing 
      else do
        x <- readTChan chan
        unGetTChan chan x
        return (Just x)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

type Client      = MIDIClientRef
type Device      = MIDIDeviceRef
type Port        = MIDIPortRef

-- |The opaque data type representing a MIDI connection
data Connection = Connection
  { cn_isInput     :: Bool
  , cn_isNew       :: Bool            -- did we create the endpoint?
  , cn_port        :: MIDIPortRef
  , cn_endpoint    :: MIDIEndpointRef
  , cn_time        :: MVar UInt64     -- measured in nanosecs
  , cn_alive       :: MVar Bool
  , cn_fifo_cb     :: Either (TChan MidiEvent) ClientCallback
  , cn_midiproc    :: FunPtr (MIDIReadProc () ())
  , cn_mydata      :: StablePtr (MVar Connection)
  }

----- automatic client creation 

client :: MVar Client
client = Unsafe.unsafePerformIO $ newEmptyMVar :: MVar Client

{-
#ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
clientFinalizer :: IO ()
clientFinalizer = do
  c <- readMVar client
  disposeClient c
#endif
-}

getClient :: IO MIDIClientRef
getClient = do
  b <- isEmptyMVar client
  if b 
    then do
      x <- newClient "HaskellMidi" 
      putMVar client x
{-
#ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
      addMVarFinalizer client clientFinalizer      -- uh-oh, that's not a good idea (not in the present form)
#endif      
-}
      return x
    else readMVar client

-- |Returns the time elapsed since the last `start` call, in milisecs.
currentTime :: Connection -> IO Word32
currentTime conn = do
  t  <- audioGetCurrentTimeInNanos 
  t0 <- readMVar (cn_time conn)
  return (nanoToMili $ t-t0)

nanoToMili :: UInt64 -> Word32
nanoToMili n = fromIntegral $ div n 1000000

convertShortMessage :: UInt64 -> (MIDITimeStamp,[Word8]) -> IO MidiEvent
convertShortMessage t0 (ts',bytes) = do
  ts <- audioConvertHostTimeToNanos ts'
  return $ MidiEvent (nanoToMili $ ts-t0) (translateShortMessage $ _from_CM_SM $ decodeShortMessage bytes) 

myMIDIReadProc :: Ptr MIDIPacket -> Ptr () -> Ptr () -> IO ()
myMIDIReadProc packets myptr _  = do
  let stabptr = castPtrToStablePtr myptr :: StablePtr (MVar Connection)
  mv <- deRefStablePtr stabptr :: IO (MVar Connection)
  mconn <- tryTakeMVar mv  -- we are also "blocking" (handling) further callbacks this way
  case mconn of 
    Nothing   -> return ()
    Just conn -> do
      time0 <- readMVar (cn_time conn)
      list1 <- depackMIDIPacketList packets
      let (normal,sysex') = partition (\(_,bytes) -> isShortMessage bytes) list1
      sysexs <- forM sysex' $ \(ts',bytes) -> do
        ts <- audioConvertHostTimeToNanos ts'
        return $ MidiEvent (nanoToMili $ ts-time0) (SysEx $ tail bytes)
      normals <- mapM (convertShortMessage time0) normal
      let events = sysexs ++ normals
      case (cn_fifo_cb conn) of
        Left  chan -> atomically $ mapM_ (writeTChan chan) events -- writeList2Chan chan events 
        Right call -> mapM_ call events 
      putMVar mv conn      -- do not forget to put it back!

-- |Opens a MIDI Source.
-- There are two possibilites to receive MIDI messages. The user can either supply a callback function,
-- or get the messages from an asynchronous buffer. However, mixing the two approaches is not allowed.
openSource :: Source -> Maybe ClientCallback -> IO Connection 
openSource src@(Source endpoint) mcallback = do
 
  client <- getClient
  
  myData <- newEmptyMVar :: IO (MVar Connection)
  sp <- newStablePtr myData 
  the_callback <- mkMIDIReadProc myMIDIReadProc

  time  <- newEmptyMVar 
  alive <- newMVar True

  fifo_cb <- case mcallback of
    Just cb -> return $ Right cb
    Nothing -> liftM Left $ newTChanIO 

  inport <- newInputPort client "Input Port" the_callback (castStablePtrToPtr sp) 
    
  let conn = Connection True False inport endpoint time alive fifo_cb the_callback sp 
  putMVar myData conn
  return conn 

-- |Opens a MIDI Destination.
openDestination :: Destination -> IO Connection 
openDestination dst@(Destination endpoint) = do

  client <- getClient 
  outport <- newOutputPort client "Output Port" 
  alive <- newMVar True
  time  <- newEmptyMVar 

  let conn = Connection False False outport endpoint time alive undefined undefined undefined 
  return conn 

sendShortMessage :: Connection -> ShortMessage -> IO ()
sendShortMessage conn msg = case cn_isInput conn of
  True  -> fail "sending short messages to midi sources is not supported"
  False -> case cn_isNew conn of 
    False -> midiSend (cn_port conn) (Destination $ cn_endpoint conn) (_to_CM_SM msg)
    True  -> do
      tstamp <- audioGetCurrentTimeInNanos 
      midiReceivedStamped (Destination $ cn_endpoint conn) tstamp (_to_CM_SM msg) 
    
-- |Sends a short message. The connection must be a `Destination`.
send :: Connection -> MidiMessage -> IO ()
send conn msg = sendShortMessage conn (untranslateShortMessage msg)
 
-- |Sends a system exclusive message. You shouldn't include the starting \/ trailing bytes 0xF0 and 0xF7.
sendSysEx :: Connection -> [Word8] -> IO ()
sendSysEx conn dat = midiSendSysEx (cn_endpoint conn) dat 
 
-- |Starts a connection. This is required for receiving MIDI messages, and also for starting the clock.
start :: Connection -> IO ()
start conn = do 
  b <- isEmptyMVar (cn_time conn)
  if b
    then do
      hosttime <- audioGetCurrentTimeInNanos
      putMVar (cn_time conn) hosttime
      case cn_isInput conn of 
        True  -> when (not (cn_isNew conn)) $ do
          connectToSource (cn_port conn) (Source $ cn_endpoint conn) nullPtr
        False -> return ()
    else putStrLn "warning: you shouldn't call start twice"  

-- |Stops a connection.
stop :: Connection -> IO ()
stop conn = do
  b <- isEmptyMVar (cn_time conn)
  if not b
    then do
      takeMVar (cn_time conn) 
      case cn_isInput conn of 
        True  -> when (not (cn_isNew conn)) $ do
          disconnectFromSource (cn_port conn) (Source $ cn_endpoint conn)
        False -> return ()
    else putStrLn "warning: you shouldn't call stop twice"  
  
-- |Closes a MIDI Connection
close :: Connection -> IO ()
close conn = do
  when (cn_isInput conn) $ do
    b <- isEmptyMVar (cn_time conn)
    when (not b) (stop conn)     
  unless (cn_isNew conn && cn_isInput conn) $ disposePort (cn_port conn)      -- inport was undefined in new & input case (see below)
  cleanup conn
 
-- called by "close"; not exposed. 
cleanup :: Connection -> IO ()
cleanup conn = case cn_isInput conn of
  True  -> do
    freeHaskellFunPtr (cn_midiproc conn)
    freeStablePtr     (cn_mydata   conn)
  False -> return ()

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Being a MIDI host (so other programs can connect to us). OSX only

-- | Creates a new MIDI destination (which is a source for /us/), to which other programs can connect to (OSX only).
createDestination :: String -> Maybe ClientCallback -> IO Connection
createDestination name mcallback = do
  client <- getClient
  
  myData <- newEmptyMVar :: IO (MVar Connection)
  sp <- newStablePtr myData 
  the_callback <- mkMIDIReadProc myMIDIReadProc

  time  <- newEmptyMVar 
  alive <- newMVar True

  fifo_cb <- case mcallback of
    Just cb -> return $ Right cb
    Nothing -> liftM Left $ newTChanIO 

  Source endpoint <- newDestination client name the_callback (castStablePtrToPtr sp) 
    
  let inport = error "createDestination/inport"
      conn = Connection True True inport endpoint time alive fifo_cb the_callback sp 
  putMVar myData conn
  return conn 


-- | Creates a new MIDI source (which is a destination for /us/), to which other programs can connect to (OSX only).
createSource :: String -> IO Connection
createSource name = do
  client <- getClient
  Destination endpoint <- newSource client name
  
  outport <- newOutputPort client "Output Port" 
  alive <- newMVar True
  time  <- newEmptyMVar 

  let conn = Connection False True outport endpoint time alive undefined undefined undefined 
  return conn 

-- | Dispose a connection we created earlier.
disposeConnection :: Connection -> IO ()
disposeConnection conn = do
  disposeEndpoint (cn_endpoint conn)
  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------