microlens-0.4.4.3: A tiny lens library with no dependencies. If you're writing an app, you probably want microlens-platform, not this.

Copyright(C) 2013-2016 Edward Kmett, 2015-2016 Artyom
LicenseBSD-style (see the file LICENSE)
Safe HaskellUnsafe
LanguageHaskell2010

Lens.Micro.Internal

Description

This module is needed to give other packages from the microlens family (like microlens-ghc) access to functions and classes that don't need to be exported from Lens.Micro (because they just clutter the namespace). Also:

  • traversed is here because otherwise there'd be a dependency cycle
  • sets is here because it's used in RULEs

Classes like Each, Ixed, etc are provided for convenience – you're not supposed to export functions that work on all members of Ixed, for instance. Only microlens can do that. You mustn't declare instances of those classes for other types, either; these classes are incompatible with lens's classes, and by doing so you would divide the ecosystem.

If you absolutely need to define an instance (e.g. for internal use), only do it for your own types, because otherwise I might add an instance to one of the microlens packages later and if our instances are different it might lead to subtle bugs.

Synopsis

Documentation

traversed :: Traversable f => Traversal (f a) (f b) a b Source

traversed traverses any Traversable container (list, vector, Map, Maybe, you name it):

>>> Just 1 ^.. traversed
[1]

traversed is the same as traverse, but can be faster thanks to magic rewrite rules.

folded :: Foldable f => SimpleFold (f a) a Source

folded is a fold for anything Foldable. In a way, it's an opposite of mapped – the most powerful getter, but can't be used as a setter.

foldring :: Monoid r => ((a -> Const r a -> Const r a) -> Const r a -> s -> Const r a) -> (a -> Const r b) -> s -> Const r t Source

foldrOf :: Getting (Endo r) s a -> (a -> r -> r) -> r -> s -> r Source

foldMapOf :: Getting r s a -> (a -> r) -> s -> r Source

sets :: ((a -> b) -> s -> t) -> ASetter s t a b Source

sets creates an ASetter from an ordinary function. (The only thing it does is wrapping and unwrapping Identity.)

(#.) :: Coercible c b => (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> c Source

(.#) :: Coercible b a => (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> c Source

phantom :: Const r a -> Const r b Source

class Each s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where Source

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

each :: Traversal s t a b Source

each tries to be a universal Traversal – it behaves like traversed in most situations, but also adds support for e.g. tuples with same-typed values:

>>> (1,2) & each %~ succ
(2,3)
>>> ["x", "y", "z"] ^. each
"xyz"

However, note that each doesn't work on every instance of Traversable. If you have a Traversable which isn't supported by each, you can use traversed instead. Personally, I like using each instead of traversed whenever possible – it's shorter and more descriptive.

You can use each with these things:

each :: Traversal [a] [b] a b

each :: Traversal (Maybe a) (Maybe b) a b

each :: Traversal (a,a) (b,b) a b
each :: Traversal (a,a,a) (b,b,b) a b
each :: Traversal (a,a,a,a) (b,b,b,b) a b
each :: Traversal (a,a,a,a,a) (b,b,b,b,b) a b

each :: (RealFloat a, RealFloat b) => Traversal (Complex a) (Complex b) a b

You can also use each with types from array, bytestring, and containers by using microlens-ghc, or additionally with types from vector, text, and unordered-containers by using microlens-platform.

Instances

Each [a] [b] a b Source 
Each (Complex a) (Complex b) a b Source 
Each (Maybe a) (Maybe b) a b Source 
((~) * a b, (~) * q r) => Each (a, b) (q, r) a q Source 
((~) * a b, (~) * a c, (~) * q r, (~) * q s) => Each (a, b, c) (q, r, s) a q Source 
((~) * a b, (~) * a c, (~) * a d, (~) * q r, (~) * q s, (~) * q t) => Each (a, b, c, d) (q, r, s, t) a q Source 
((~) * a b, (~) * a c, (~) * a d, (~) * a e, (~) * q r, (~) * q s, (~) * q t, (~) * q u) => Each (a, b, c, d, e) (q, r, s, t, u) a q Source 

type family Index s :: * Source

Instances

type Index [a] = Int Source 
type Index (e -> a) = e Source 

type family IxValue m :: * Source

Instances

type IxValue [a] = a Source 
type IxValue (e -> a) = a Source 

class Ixed m where Source

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

ix :: Index m -> Traversal' m (IxValue m) Source

This traversal lets you access (and update) an arbitrary element in a list, array, Map, etc. (If you want to insert or delete elements as well, look at at.)

An example for lists:

>>> [0..5] & ix 3 .~ 10
[0,1,2,10,4,5]

You can use it for getting, too:

>>> [0..5] ^? ix 3
Just 3

Of course, the element may not be present (which means that you can use ix as a safe variant of (!!)):

>>> [0..5] ^? ix 10
Nothing

Another useful instance is the one for functions – it lets you modify their outputs for specific inputs. For instance, here's maximum that returns 0 when the list is empty (instead of throwing an exception):

maximum0 = maximum & ix [] .~ 0

The following instances are provided in this package:

ix :: Int -> Traversal' [a] a

ix :: (Eq e) => e -> Traversal' (e -> a) a

You can also use ix with types from array, bytestring, and containers by using microlens-ghc, or additionally with types from vector, text, and unordered-containers by using microlens-platform.

Instances

Ixed [a] Source 
Eq e => Ixed (e -> a) Source 

class Ixed m => At m where Source

Methods

at :: Index m -> Lens' m (Maybe (IxValue m)) Source

This lens lets you read, write, or delete elements in Map-like structures. It returns Nothing when the value isn't found, just like lookup:

Data.Map.lookup k m = m ^. at k

However, it also lets you insert and delete values by setting the value to Just value or Nothing:

Data.Map.insert k a m = m & at k .~ Just a

Data.Map.delete k m = m & at k .~ Nothing

Or you could use (?~) instead of (.~):

Data.Map.insert k a m = m & at k ?~ a

Note that at doesn't work for arrays or lists. You can't delete an arbitrary element from an array (what would be left in its place?), and you can't set an arbitrary element in a list because if the index is out of list's bounds, you'd have to somehow fill the stretch between the last element and the element you just inserted (i.e. [1,2,3] & at 10 .~ 5 is undefined). If you want to modify an already existing value in an array or list, you should use ix instead.

at is often used with non. See the documentation of non for examples.

Note that at isn't strict for Map, even if you're using Data.Map.Strict:

>>> Data.Map.Strict.size (Data.Map.Strict.empty & at 1 .~ Just undefined)
1

The reason for such behavior is that there's actually no “strict Map” type; Data.Map.Strict just provides some strict functions for ordinary Maps.

This package doesn't actually provide any instances for at, but there are instances for Map and IntMap in microlens-ghc and an instance for HashMap in microlens-platform.

class Field1 s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where Source

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

_1 :: Lens s t a b Source

Gives access to the 1st field of a tuple (up to 5-tuples).

Getting the 1st component:

>>> (1,2,3,4,5) ^. _1
1

Setting the 1st component:

>>> (1,2,3) & _1 .~ 10
(10,2,3)

Note that this lens is lazy, and can set fields even of undefined:

>>> set _1 10 undefined :: (Int, Int)
(10,*** Exception: Prelude.undefined

This is done to avoid violating a lens law stating that you can get back what you put:

>>> view _1 . set _1 10 $ (undefined :: (Int, Int))
10

The implementation (for 2-tuples) is:

_1 f t = (,) <$> f    (fst t)
             <*> pure (snd t)

or, alternatively,

_1 f ~(a,b) = (\a' -> (a',b)) <$> f a

(where ~ means a lazy pattern).

_2, _3, _4, and _5 are also available (see below).

Instances

Field1 (a, b) (a', b) a a' Source 
Field1 (a, b, c) (a', b, c) a a' Source 
Field1 (a, b, c, d) (a', b, c, d) a a' Source 
Field1 (a, b, c, d, e) (a', b, c, d, e) a a' Source 

class Field2 s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where Source

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

_2 :: Lens s t a b Source

Instances

Field2 (a, b) (a, b') b b' Source 
Field2 (a, b, c) (a, b', c) b b' Source 
Field2 (a, b, c, d) (a, b', c, d) b b' Source 
Field2 (a, b, c, d, e) (a, b', c, d, e) b b' Source 

class Field3 s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where Source

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

_3 :: Lens s t a b Source

Instances

Field3 (a, b, c) (a, b, c') c c' Source 
Field3 (a, b, c, d) (a, b, c', d) c c' Source 
Field3 (a, b, c, d, e) (a, b, c', d, e) c c' Source 

class Field4 s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where Source

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

_4 :: Lens s t a b Source

Instances

Field4 (a, b, c, d) (a, b, c, d') d d' Source 
Field4 (a, b, c, d, e) (a, b, c, d', e) d d' Source 

class Field5 s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where Source

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

_5 :: Lens s t a b Source

Instances

Field5 (a, b, c, d, e) (a, b, c, d, e') e e' Source 

class Cons s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where Source

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

_Cons :: Traversal s t (a, s) (b, t) Source

Instances

Cons [a] [b] a b Source 

class Snoc s t a b | s -> a, t -> b, s b -> t, t a -> s where Source

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

_Snoc :: Traversal s t (s, a) (t, b) Source

Instances

Snoc [a] [b] a b Source 

class Strict lazy strict | lazy -> strict, strict -> lazy where Source

Methods

strict :: Lens' lazy strict Source

strict lets you convert between strict and lazy versions of a datatype:

>>> let someText = "hello" :: Lazy.Text
>>> someText ^. strict
"hello" :: Strict.Text

It can also be useful if you have a function that works on a strict type but your type is lazy:

stripDiacritics :: Strict.Text -> Strict.Text
stripDiacritics = ...
>>> let someText = "Paul Erdős" :: Lazy.Text
>>> someText & strict %~ stripDiacritics
"Paul Erdos" :: Lazy.Text

strict works on ByteString and StateT/WriterT/RWST if you use microlens-ghc, and additionally on Text if you use microlens-platform.

lazy :: Lens' strict lazy Source

lazy is like strict but works in opposite direction:

>>> let someText = "hello" :: Strict.Text
>>> someText ^. lazy
"hello" :: Lazy.Text