-- |
-- Module      : Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Migration
-- Copyright   : (c) 2014 Andreas Meingast <ameingast@gmail.com>
--
-- License     : BSD-style
-- Maintainer  : ameingast@gmail.com
-- Stability   : experimental
-- Portability : GHC
--
-- A migration library for postgresql-simple.
--
-- For usage, see Readme.markdown.

{-# LANGUAGE CPP               #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveFoldable    #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveFunctor     #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveTraversable #-}
{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase        #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}

module Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Migration
    (
    -- * Migration actions
    runMigration
    , runMigrations
    , sequenceMigrations

    -- * Migration types
    , MigrationContext(..)
    , MigrationCommand(..)
    , MigrationResult(..)
    , ScriptName
    , Checksum

    -- * Migration result actions
    , getMigrations

    -- * Migration result types
    , SchemaMigration(..)
    ) where

#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ < 710
import           Control.Applicative                ((<$>), (<*>))
#endif
import           Control.Monad                      (void, when)
import qualified Crypto.Hash.MD5                    as MD5 (hash)
import qualified Data.ByteString                    as BS (ByteString, readFile)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Base64             as B64 (encode)
import           Data.Foldable                      (Foldable)
import           Data.Traversable                   (Traversable)
import           Data.List                          (isPrefixOf, sort)
#if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ < 710
import           Data.Monoid                        (Monoid (..))
#endif
import           Data.Time                          (LocalTime)
import           Database.PostgreSQL.Simple         (Connection, Only (..),
                                                     execute, execute_, query,
                                                     query_)
import           Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.FromRow (FromRow (..), field)
import           Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.ToField (ToField (..))
import           Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.ToRow   (ToRow (..))
import           Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Types   (Query (..))
import           Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Util    (existsTable)
import           System.Directory                   (getDirectoryContents)

-- | Executes migrations inside the provided 'MigrationContext'.
--
-- Returns 'MigrationSuccess' if the provided 'MigrationCommand' executes
-- without error. If an error occurs, execution is stopped and
-- a 'MigrationError' is returned.
--
-- It is recommended to wrap 'runMigration' inside a database transaction.
runMigration :: MigrationContext -> IO (MigrationResult String)
runMigration (MigrationContext cmd verbose con) = case cmd of
    MigrationInitialization ->
        initializeSchema con verbose >> return MigrationSuccess
    MigrationDirectory path ->
        executeDirectoryMigration con verbose path
    MigrationScript name contents ->
        executeMigration con verbose name contents
    MigrationFile name path ->
        executeMigration con verbose name =<< BS.readFile path
    MigrationValidation validationCmd ->
        executeValidation con verbose validationCmd
    MigrationCommands commands ->
        runMigrations verbose con commands

-- | Execute a sequence of migrations
--
-- Returns 'MigrationSuccess' if all of the provided 'MigrationCommand's
-- execute without error. If an error occurs, execution is stopped and the
-- 'MigrationError' is returned.
--
-- It is recommended to wrap 'runMigrations' inside a database transaction.
runMigrations
    :: Bool
       -- ^ Run in verbose mode
    -> Connection
       -- ^ The postgres connection to use
    -> [MigrationCommand]
       -- ^ The commands to run
    -> IO (MigrationResult String)
runMigrations verbose con commands =
    sequenceMigrations [runMigration (MigrationContext c verbose con) | c <- commands]

-- | Run a sequence of contexts, stopping on the first failure
sequenceMigrations :: Monad m => [m (MigrationResult e)] -> m (MigrationResult e)
sequenceMigrations = \case
    []   -> return MigrationSuccess
    c:cs -> do
        r <- c
        case r of
          MigrationError s -> return (MigrationError s)
          MigrationSuccess -> sequenceMigrations cs

-- | Executes all SQL-file based migrations located in the provided 'dir'
-- in alphabetical order.
executeDirectoryMigration :: Connection -> Bool -> FilePath -> IO (MigrationResult String)
executeDirectoryMigration con verbose dir =
    scriptsInDirectory dir >>= go
    where
        go fs = sequenceMigrations (executeMigrationFile <$> fs)
        executeMigrationFile f = executeMigration con verbose f =<< BS.readFile (dir ++ "/" ++ f)

-- | Lists all files in the given 'FilePath' 'dir' in alphabetical order.
scriptsInDirectory :: FilePath -> IO [String]
scriptsInDirectory dir =
    fmap (sort . filter (\x -> not $ "." `isPrefixOf` x))
        (getDirectoryContents dir)

-- | Executes a generic SQL migration for the provided script 'name' with
-- content 'contents'.
executeMigration :: Connection -> Bool -> ScriptName -> BS.ByteString -> IO (MigrationResult String)
executeMigration con verbose name contents = do
    let checksum = md5Hash contents
    checkScript con name checksum >>= \case
        ScriptOk -> do
            when verbose $ putStrLn $ "Ok:\t" ++ name
            return MigrationSuccess
        ScriptNotExecuted -> do
            void $ execute_ con (Query contents)
            void $ execute con q (name, checksum)
            when verbose $ putStrLn $ "Execute:\t" ++ name
            return MigrationSuccess
        ScriptModified _ -> do
            when verbose $ putStrLn $ "Fail:\t" ++ name
            return (MigrationError name)
    where
        q = "insert into schema_migrations(filename, checksum) values(?, ?)"

-- | Initializes the database schema with a helper table containing
-- meta-information about executed migrations.
initializeSchema :: Connection -> Bool -> IO ()
initializeSchema con verbose = do
    when verbose $ putStrLn "Initializing schema"
    void $ execute_ con $ mconcat
        [ "create table if not exists schema_migrations "
        , "( filename varchar(512) not null"
        , ", checksum varchar(32) not null"
        , ", executed_at timestamp without time zone not null default now() "
        , ");"
        ]

-- | Validates a 'MigrationCommand'. Validation is defined as follows for these
-- types:
--
-- * 'MigrationInitialization': validate the presence of the meta-information
-- table.
-- * 'MigrationDirectory': validate the presence and checksum of all scripts
-- found in the given directory.
-- * 'MigrationScript': validate the presence and checksum of the given script.
-- * 'MigrationFile': validate the presence and checksum of the given file.
-- * 'MigrationValidation': always succeeds.
-- * 'MigrationCommands': validates all the sub-commands stopping at the first failure.
executeValidation :: Connection -> Bool -> MigrationCommand -> IO (MigrationResult String)
executeValidation con verbose cmd = case cmd of
    MigrationInitialization ->
        existsTable con "schema_migrations" >>= \r -> return $ if r
            then MigrationSuccess
            else MigrationError "No such table: schema_migrations"
    MigrationDirectory path ->
        scriptsInDirectory path >>= goScripts path
    MigrationScript name contents ->
        validate name contents
    MigrationFile name path ->
        validate name =<< BS.readFile path
    MigrationValidation _ ->
        return MigrationSuccess
    MigrationCommands cs ->
        sequenceMigrations (executeValidation con verbose <$> cs)
    where
        validate name contents =
            checkScript con name (md5Hash contents) >>= \case
                ScriptOk -> do
                    when verbose $ putStrLn $ "Ok:\t" ++ name
                    return MigrationSuccess
                ScriptNotExecuted -> do
                    when verbose $ putStrLn $ "Missing:\t" ++ name
                    return (MigrationError $ "Missing: " ++ name)
                ScriptModified _ -> do
                    when verbose $ putStrLn $ "Checksum mismatch:\t" ++ name
                    return (MigrationError $ "Checksum mismatch: " ++ name)

        goScripts path xs = sequenceMigrations (goScript path <$> xs)
        goScript path x = validate x =<< BS.readFile (path ++ "/" ++ x)

-- | Checks the status of the script with the given name 'name'.
-- If the script has already been executed, the checksum of the script
-- is compared against the one that was executed.
-- If there is no matching script entry in the database, the script
-- will be executed and its meta-information will be recorded.
checkScript :: Connection -> ScriptName -> Checksum -> IO CheckScriptResult
checkScript con name checksum =
    query con q (Only name) >>= \case
        [] ->
            return ScriptNotExecuted
        Only actualChecksum:_ | checksum == actualChecksum ->
            return ScriptOk
        Only actualChecksum:_ ->
            return (ScriptModified actualChecksum)
    where
        q = mconcat
            [ "select checksum from schema_migrations "
            , "where filename = ? limit 1"
            ]

-- | Calculates the MD5 checksum of the provided bytestring in base64
-- encoding.
md5Hash :: BS.ByteString -> Checksum
md5Hash = B64.encode . MD5.hash

-- | The checksum type of a migration script.
type Checksum = BS.ByteString

-- | The name of a script. Typically the filename or a custom name
-- when using Haskell migrations.
type ScriptName = String

-- | 'MigrationCommand' determines the action of the 'runMigration' script.
data MigrationCommand
    = MigrationInitialization
    -- ^ Initializes the database with a helper table containing meta
    -- information.
    | MigrationDirectory FilePath
    -- ^ Executes migrations based on SQL scripts in the provided 'FilePath'
    -- in alphabetical order.
    | MigrationFile ScriptName FilePath
    -- ^ Executes a migration based on script located at the provided
    -- 'FilePath'.
    | MigrationScript ScriptName BS.ByteString
    -- ^ Executes a migration based on the provided bytestring.
    | MigrationValidation MigrationCommand
    -- ^ Validates the provided MigrationCommand.
    | MigrationCommands [MigrationCommand]
    -- ^ Performs a series of 'MigrationCommand's in sequence.
    deriving (Show, Eq, Read, Ord)

instance Monoid MigrationCommand where
    mempty = MigrationCommands []
    mappend (MigrationCommands xs) (MigrationCommands ys) = MigrationCommands (xs ++ ys)
    mappend (MigrationCommands xs) y = MigrationCommands (xs ++ [y])
    mappend x (MigrationCommands ys) = MigrationCommands (x : ys)
    mappend x y = MigrationCommands [x, y]

-- | A sum-type denoting the result of a single migration.
data CheckScriptResult
    = ScriptOk
    -- ^ The script has already been executed and the checksums match.
    -- This is good.
    | ScriptModified Checksum
    -- ^ The script has already been executed and there is a checksum
    -- mismatch. This is bad.
    | ScriptNotExecuted
    -- ^ The script has not been executed, yet. This is good.
    deriving (Show, Eq, Read, Ord)

-- | A sum-type denoting the result of a migration.
data MigrationResult a
    = MigrationError a
    -- ^ There was an error in script migration.
    | MigrationSuccess
    -- ^ All scripts have been executed successfully.
    deriving (Show, Eq, Read, Ord, Functor, Foldable, Traversable)

-- | The 'MigrationContext' provides an execution context for migrations.
data MigrationContext = MigrationContext
    { migrationContextCommand    :: MigrationCommand
    -- ^ The action that will be performed by 'runMigration'
    , migrationContextVerbose    :: Bool
    -- ^ Verbosity of the library.
    , migrationContextConnection :: Connection
    -- ^ The PostgreSQL connection to use for migrations.
    }

-- | Produces a list of all executed 'SchemaMigration's.
getMigrations :: Connection -> IO [SchemaMigration]
getMigrations = flip query_ q
    where q = mconcat
            [ "select filename, checksum, executed_at "
            , "from schema_migrations order by executed_at asc"
            ]

-- | A product type representing a single, executed 'SchemaMigration'.
data SchemaMigration = SchemaMigration
    { schemaMigrationName       :: BS.ByteString
    -- ^ The name of the executed migration.
    , schemaMigrationChecksum   :: Checksum
    -- ^ The calculated MD5 checksum of the executed script.
    , schemaMigrationExecutedAt :: LocalTime
    -- ^ A timestamp without timezone of the date of execution of the script.
    } deriving (Show, Eq, Read)

instance Ord SchemaMigration where
    compare (SchemaMigration nameLeft _ _) (SchemaMigration nameRight _ _) =
        compare nameLeft nameRight

instance FromRow SchemaMigration where
    fromRow = SchemaMigration <$>
        field <*> field <*> field

instance ToRow SchemaMigration where
    toRow (SchemaMigration name checksum executedAt) =
       [toField name, toField checksum, toField executedAt]