Readme for sbv-0.9.23
SBV: Symbolic Bit Vectors in Haskell
====================================
Express properties about bit-precise Haskell programs and automatically prove
them using SMT solvers.
$ ghci -XScopedTypeVariables
Prelude> :m Data.SBV
Prelude Data.SBV> prove $ \(x::SWord8) -> x `shiftL` 2 .== 4*x
Q.E.D.
Prelude Data.SBV> prove $ forAll ["x"] $ \(x::SWord8) -> x `shiftL` 2 .== x
Falsifiable. Counter-example:
x = 128 :: SWord8
The function `prove` has the following type:
prove :: Provable a => a -> IO ThmResult
The class `Provable` comes with instances for n-ary predicates, for arbitrary n.
The predicates are just regular Haskell functions over symbolic signed and unsigned
bit-vectors. Functions for checking satisfiability (`sat` and `allSat`) are also provided.
In addition, functions using the SBV library can be compiled to C automatically.
Resources
=========
The sbv library is hosted at [http://github.com/LeventErkok/sbv](http://github.com/LeventErkok/sbv).
The hackage site
[http://hackage.haskell.org/package/sbv](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/sbv) is the best place
for details on the API and the example use cases.
Comments, bug reports, and patches are always welcome.
Overview
========
The Haskell sbv library provides support for dealing with Symbolic Bit Vectors
in Haskell. It introduces the types:
- `SBool`: Symbolic Booleans (bits)
- `SWord8`, `SWord16`, `SWord32`, `SWord64`: Symbolic Words (unsigned)
- `SInt8`, `SInt16`, `SInt32`, `SInt64`: Symbolic Ints (signed)
- `SInteger`: Symbolic unbounded integers (signed)
- Arrays of symbolic values
- Symbolic polynomials over GF(2^n ), polynomial arithmetic, and CRCs
- Uninterpreted constants and functions over symbolic values, with user
defined SMT-Lib axioms
The user can construct ordinary Haskell programs using these types, which behave
very similar to their concrete counterparts. In particular these types belong to the
standard classes `Num`, `Bits`, (custom versions of) `Eq` and `Ord`, along with several
other custom classes for simplifying bit-precise programming with symbolic values. The
framework takes full advantage of Haskell's type inference to avoid many common mistakes.
Furthermore, functions built out of these types can also be:
- proven correct via an external SMT solver (the `prove` function)
- checked for satisfiability (the `sat`, and `allSat` functions)
- used in synthesis (the `sat` function with existentials)
- optimized with respect to cost functions (the 'optimize', 'maximize', and 'minimize' functions)
- quick-checked
If a predicate is not valid, `prove` will return a counterexample: An
assignment to inputs such that the predicate fails. The `sat` function will
return a satisfying assignment, if there is one. The `allSat` function returns
all satisfying assignments, lazily.
The SBV library can also compile Haskell functions that manipulate symbolic
values directly to C, rendering them as straight-line C programs.
Use of SMT solvers
==================
The sbv library uses third-party SMT solvers via the standard SMT-Lib interface:
[http://goedel.cs.uiowa.edu/smtlib/](http://goedel.cs.uiowa.edu/smtlib/)
The SBV library is designed to work with any SMT-Lib compliant SMT-solver.
Currently, we support the Yices SMT solver from SRI:
[http://yices.csl.sri.com/](http://yices.csl.sri.com/) and the Z3 SMT solver
from Microsoft: [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/projects/z3/](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/projects/z3/)
Prerequisites
=============
You **should** download and install Yices (version 2.X) on your machine, and
make sure the "yices" executable is in your path before using the sbv library,
as it is the current default solver. Alternatively, you can specify the location
of yices executable in the environment variable `SBV_YICES` and the options to yices
in `SBV_YICES_OPTIONS`. The default for the latter is `"-m -f"`.
If quantified bit-vectors are to be used, you should also install
Microsoft's z3 SMT solver. Again, the environment variables
`SBV_Z3` and `SBV_Z3_OPTIONS` can be used for choosing executable location
and custom options. The default for the latter is `"/in /smt2"`. Microsoft
releases Z3 natively on Windows, and Linux for SMT-Comp purposes, and you can
also run it on Mac via Wine or similar emulators. You should download at least
version 3.2.
Examples
=========
Please see the files under the
[Examples](http://github.com/LeventErkok/sbv/tree/master/Data/SBV/Examples)
directory for a number of interesting applications and use cases. Amongst others,
it contains solvers for Sudoku and N-Queens puzzles as mandatory SMT solver examples in
the Puzzles directory.
Installation
============
The sbv library is cabalized. Assuming you have cabal/ghc installed, it should merely
be a matter of running
cabal install sbv
Please see [INSTALL](http://github.com/LeventErkok/sbv/tree/master/INSTALL) for installation details.
Once the installation is done, you can run the executable `SBVUnitTests` which will
execute the regression test suite for sbv on your machine to ensure all is well.
Copyright, License
==================
The sbv library is distributed with the BSD3 license. See [COPYRIGHT](http://github.com/LeventErkok/sbv/tree/master/COPYRIGHT) for
details. The [LICENSE](http://github.com/LeventErkok/sbv/tree/master/LICENSE) file contains
the [BSD3](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_licenses) verbiage.
Thanks
======
The following people reported bugs, provided comments/feedback, or contributed to the development of SBV in various ways:
Ian Blumenfeld, Ian Calvert, Iavor Diatchki, Tom Hawkins, Lee Pike, Austin Seipp, Don Stewart, Josef Svenningsson,
and Nis Wegmann.