adj .
harsh ; severe ; withering 엄한 ; 호된 ; 위축시키는

• Edmund's astringent review enumerated so many dreadful flaws in the new book that the book quickly disappeared form the bestseller list.
• The coach's remarks to the team after losing the game were astringent but apparently effective : the team won the next three games in a row.
• astringent 는 엄격하다는 뜻을 가지 stringent 와 관련이 있다. 명사형은 astringency