#include "inline.hs" -- | -- Module : Streamly.Data.Unfold -- Copyright : (c) 2019 Composewell Technologies -- License : BSD3 -- Maintainer : streamly@composewell.com -- Stability : released -- Portability : GHC -- -- An 'Unfold' is a source or a producer of a stream of values. It takes a -- seed value as an input and unfolds it into a sequence of values. -- -- >>> import qualified Streamly.Data.Fold as Fold -- >>> import qualified Streamly.Data.Unfold as Unfold -- >>> import qualified Streamly.Prelude as Stream -- -- For example, the 'fromList' Unfold generates a stream of values from a -- supplied list. Unfolds can be converted to 'Streamly.Prelude.SerialT' -- stream using the Stream.unfold operation. -- -- >>> stream = Stream.unfold Unfold.fromList [1..100] -- >>> Stream.sum stream -- 5050 -- -- All the serial stream generation operations in "Streamly.Prelude" -- can be expressed using unfolds: -- -- > Stream.fromList = Stream.unfold Unfold.fromList [1..100] -- -- Conceptually, an 'Unfold' is just like "Data.List.unfoldr". Let us write a -- step function to unfold a list using "Data.List.unfoldr": -- -- >>> :{ -- f [] = Nothing -- f (x:xs) = Just (x, xs) -- :} -- -- >>> Data.List.unfoldr f [1,2,3] -- [1,2,3] -- -- Unfold.unfoldr is just the same, it uses the same step function: -- -- >>> Stream.toList $ Stream.unfold (Unfold.unfoldr f) [1,2,3] -- [1,2,3] -- -- The input of an unfold can be transformed using 'lmap': -- -- >>> u = Unfold.lmap (fmap (+1)) Unfold.fromList -- >>> Stream.toList $ Stream.unfold u [1..5] -- [2,3,4,5,6] -- -- 'Unfold' streams can be transformed using transformation combinators. For -- example, to retain only the first two elements of an unfold: -- -- >>> u = Unfold.take 2 Unfold.fromList -- >>> Stream.toList $ Stream.unfold u [1..100] -- [1,2] -- -- Multiple unfolds can be combined in several interesting ways. For example, -- to generate nested looping as in imperative languages (also known as cross -- product of the two streams): -- -- >>> u1 = Unfold.lmap fst Unfold.fromList -- >>> u2 = Unfold.lmap snd Unfold.fromList -- >>> u = Unfold.crossWith (,) u1 u2 -- >>> Stream.toList $ Stream.unfold u ([1,2,3], [4,5,6]) -- [(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6)] -- -- Nested loops using unfolds provide C like performance due to complete stream -- fusion. -- -- Please see "Streamly.Internal.Data.Unfold" for additional @Pre-release@ -- functions. -- -- = Unfolds vs. Streams -- -- Unfolds' raison d'etre is their efficiency in nested stream operations due -- to complete stream fusion. 'Streamly.Prelude.concatMap' or the 'Monad' -- instance of streams use stream generation operations of the shape @a -> t m -- b@ and then flatten the resulting stream. This implementation is more -- powerful but does not allow for complete stream fusion. Unfolds provide -- less powerful but more efficient 'Streamly.Prelude.unfoldMany', 'many' and -- 'crossWith' operations as an alternative to a subset of use cases of -- 'concatMap' and 'Applicative' stream operations. -- -- "Streamly.Prelude" exports polymorphic stream generation operations that -- provide the same functionality as unfolds in this module. Since unfolds can -- be easily converted to streams, several modules in streamly provide only -- unfolds for serial stream generation. We cannot use unfolds exclusively for -- stream generation as they do not support concurrency. module Streamly.Data.Unfold ( -- * Unfold Type Unfold -- * Unfolds -- One to one correspondence with -- "Streamly.Internal.Data.Stream.IsStream.Generate" -- ** Basic Constructors , unfoldrM , unfoldr , function , functionM -- ** Generators -- | Generate a monadic stream from a seed. , repeatM , replicateM , iterateM -- ** From Containers , fromList , fromListM , fromStream -- * Combinators -- ** Mapping on Input , lmap , lmapM -- ** Mapping on Output , mapM -- ** Filtering , takeWhileM , takeWhile , take , filter , filterM , drop , dropWhile , dropWhileM -- ** Zipping , zipWith -- ** Cross Product , crossWith -- ** Nesting , many ) where import Prelude hiding ( concat, map, mapM, takeWhile, take, filter, const, drop, dropWhile , zipWith ) import Streamly.Internal.Data.Unfold