{-# LANGUAGE CPP , UnicodeSyntax , NoImplicitPrelude , DeriveDataTypeable , BangPatterns #-} #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 704 {-# LANGUAGE Unsafe #-} #endif #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER {-# LANGUAGE PatternGuards #-} #endif #ifdef GENERICS {-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-} #endif module System.USB.Base where -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Imports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- from base: import Prelude ( Num, (+), (-), (*), Integral, fromIntegral, div , Enum, fromEnum, error, String, ($!), seq ) import Foreign.C.Types ( CUChar, CInt, CUInt ) import Foreign.C.String ( CStringLen ) import Foreign.Marshal.Alloc ( alloca ) import Foreign.Marshal.Array ( peekArray, allocaArray ) import Foreign.Storable ( Storable, peek, peekElemOff ) import Foreign.Ptr ( Ptr, castPtr, plusPtr, nullPtr ) import Foreign.ForeignPtr ( ForeignPtr, newForeignPtr, withForeignPtr) import Control.Applicative ( liftA2 ) import Control.Exception ( Exception, throwIO, bracket, bracket_, onException, assert ) import Control.Monad ( Monad, (>>=), (=<<), return, when, forM ) import Control.Arrow ( (&&&) ) import Data.Function ( ($), on ) import Data.Data ( Data ) import Data.Typeable ( Typeable ) import Data.Maybe ( Maybe(Nothing, Just), maybe, fromMaybe ) import Data.List ( lookup, map, (++) ) import Data.Int ( Int ) import Data.Word ( Word8, Word16 ) import Data.Eq ( Eq, (==) ) import Data.Ord ( Ord, (<), (>) ) import Data.Bool ( Bool(False, True), not, otherwise ) import Data.Bits ( Bits, (.|.), setBit, testBit, shiftL ) import System.IO ( IO ) import System.IO.Unsafe ( unsafePerformIO ) import Text.Show ( Show, show ) import Text.Read ( Read ) import Text.Printf ( printf ) #if MIN_VERSION_base(4,2,0) import Data.Functor ( Functor, fmap, (<$>) ) #else import Control.Monad ( Functor, fmap ) import Control.Applicative ( (<$>) ) #endif #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ < 700 import Prelude ( fromInteger, negate ) import Control.Monad ( (>>), fail ) #endif -- from base-unicode-symbols: import Data.Function.Unicode ( (∘) ) import Data.Bool.Unicode ( (∧) ) import Data.Eq.Unicode ( (≢), (≡) ) -- from bytestring: import qualified Data.ByteString as B ( ByteString, packCStringLen, drop, length ) import qualified Data.ByteString.Internal as BI ( createAndTrim, createAndTrim' ) import qualified Data.ByteString.Unsafe as BU ( unsafeUseAsCStringLen ) -- from text: import Data.Text ( Text ) import qualified Data.Text.Encoding as TE ( decodeUtf16LE ) -- from bindings-libusb: import Bindings.Libusb -- from usb (this package): import Utils ( bits, between, genToEnum, genFromEnum, mapPeekArray, ifM, decodeBCD ) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER -- from base: import Prelude ( undefined ) import Foreign.C.Types ( CShort, CChar ) import Foreign.Marshal.Alloc ( allocaBytes, free ) import Foreign.Marshal.Array ( peekArray0, copyArray ) import Foreign.Storable ( sizeOf, poke ) import Foreign.Ptr ( nullFunPtr, freeHaskellFunPtr ) import Control.Monad ( mapM_, foldM_ ) import Data.IORef ( newIORef, atomicModifyIORef, readIORef ) import Data.Function ( id ) import Data.List ( foldl' ) import System.Posix.Types ( Fd(Fd) ) import Control.Exception ( uninterruptibleMask_ ) import Control.Concurrent.MVar ( MVar, newEmptyMVar, takeMVar, putMVar ) import System.IO ( hPutStrLn, stderr ) import qualified Foreign.Concurrent as FC ( newForeignPtr ) #if MIN_VERSION_base(4,4,0) import GHC.Event #else import System.Event #endif ( FdKey , registerFd, unregisterFd , registerTimeout, unregisterTimeout ) -- from containers: import Data.IntMap ( IntMap, fromList, insert, updateLookupWithKey, elems ) -- from bytestring: import qualified Data.ByteString.Internal as BI ( create ) -- from usb (this package): import Timeval ( withTimeval ) import qualified Poll ( toEvent ) import SystemEventManager ( getSystemEventManager ) #endif -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #ifdef GENERICS import GHC.Generics ( Generic ) #define COMMON_INSTANCES Show, Read, Eq, Data, Typeable, Generic #else #define COMMON_INSTANCES Show, Read, Eq, Data, Typeable #endif -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #if MIN_VERSION_base(4,3,0) import Control.Exception ( mask, mask_ ) #else import Control.Exception ( blocked, block, unblock ) import Data.Function ( id ) mask ∷ ((IO α → IO α) → IO β) → IO β mask io = do b ← blocked if b then io id else block $ io unblock mask_ ∷ IO α → IO α mask_ = block #endif -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- * Initialization -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Abstract type representing a USB session. The concept of individual sessions allows your program to use multiple threads that can independently use this library without interfering with eachother. Sessions are created and initialized by 'newCtx' and are automatically closed when they are garbage collected. The only functions that receive a @Ctx@ are 'setDebug' and 'getDevices'. -} data Ctx = Ctx { #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER ctxGetWait ∷ !(Maybe Wait), #endif getCtxFrgnPtr ∷ !(ForeignPtr C'libusb_context) } deriving Typeable instance Eq Ctx where (==) = (==) `on` getCtxFrgnPtr withCtxPtr ∷ Ctx → (Ptr C'libusb_context → IO α) → IO α withCtxPtr = withForeignPtr ∘ getCtxFrgnPtr libusb_init ∷ IO (Ptr C'libusb_context) libusb_init = alloca $ \ctxPtrPtr → do handleUSBException $ c'libusb_init ctxPtrPtr peek ctxPtrPtr newCtxNoEventManager ∷ (ForeignPtr C'libusb_context → Ctx) → IO Ctx newCtxNoEventManager ctx = mask_ $ do ctxPtr ← libusb_init ctx <$> newForeignPtr p'libusb_exit ctxPtr #ifndef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER -- | Create and initialize a new USB context. -- -- This function may throw 'USBException's. newCtx ∷ IO Ctx newCtx = newCtxNoEventManager Ctx #else -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | A function to wait for the termination of a submitted transfer. type Wait = Timeout → Lock → Ptr C'libusb_transfer → IO () {-| Create and initialize a new USB context. This function may throw 'USBException's. Note that the internal @libusb@ event handling can return errors. These errors occur in the thread that is executing the event handling loop. 'newCtx' will print these errors to 'stderr'. If you need to handle the errors yourself (for example log them in an application specific way) please use 'newCtx''. -} newCtx ∷ IO Ctx newCtx = newCtx' $ \e → hPutStrLn stderr $ thisModule ++ ": libusb_handle_events_timeout returned error: " ++ show e -- | Like 'newCtx' but enables you to specify the way errors should be handled -- that occur while handling @libusb@ events. newCtx' ∷ (USBException → IO ()) → IO Ctx newCtx' handleError = do mbEvtMgr ← getSystemEventManager case mbEvtMgr of Nothing → newCtxNoEventManager $ Ctx Nothing Just evtMgr → mask_ $ do ctxPtr ← libusb_init let handleEvents = do err ← withTimeval noTimeout $ c'libusb_handle_events_timeout ctxPtr when (err ≢ c'LIBUSB_SUCCESS) $ if err ≡ c'LIBUSB_ERROR_INTERRUPTED then handleEvents else handleError $ convertUSBException err register ∷ CInt → CShort → IO FdKey register fd evt = registerFd evtMgr (\_ _ → handleEvents) (Fd fd) (Poll.toEvent evt) -- Register initial libusb file descriptors with the event manager: pollFdPtrLst ← c'libusb_get_pollfds ctxPtr pollFdPtrs ← peekArray0 nullPtr pollFdPtrLst fdKeys ← forM pollFdPtrs $ \pollFdPtr → do C'libusb_pollfd fd evt ← peek pollFdPtr fdKey ← register fd evt return (fromIntegral fd, fdKey) fdKeyMapRef ← newIORef $! (fromList fdKeys ∷ IntMap FdKey) free pollFdPtrLst -- Be notified when libusb file descriptors are added or removed: aFP ← mk'libusb_pollfd_added_cb $ \fd evt _ → mask_ $ do fdKey ← register fd evt newFdKeyMap <- atomicModifyIORef fdKeyMapRef $ \fdKeyMap → let newFdKeyMap = insert (fromIntegral fd) fdKey fdKeyMap in (newFdKeyMap, newFdKeyMap) newFdKeyMap `seq` return () rFP ← mk'libusb_pollfd_removed_cb $ \fd _ → mask_ $ do (newFdKeyMap, fdKey) ← atomicModifyIORef fdKeyMapRef $ \fdKeyMap → let (Just fdKey, newFdKeyMap) = updateLookupWithKey (\_ _ → Nothing) (fromIntegral fd) fdKeyMap in (newFdKeyMap, (newFdKeyMap, fdKey)) newFdKeyMap `seq` unregisterFd evtMgr fdKey c'libusb_set_pollfd_notifiers ctxPtr aFP rFP nullPtr -- Check if we have to do our own timeout handling and construct the -- appropriate Wait function: r ← c'libusb_pollfds_handle_timeouts ctxPtr let wait ∷ Wait !wait | r ≡ 0 = manualTimeout | otherwise = \_ → autoTimeout manualTimeout timeout lock transPtr | timeout ≡ noTimeout = autoTimeout lock transPtr | otherwise = do tk ← registerTimeout evtMgr (timeout * 1000) handleEvents acquire lock `onException` (uninterruptibleMask_ $ do unregisterTimeout evtMgr tk _err ← c'libusb_cancel_transfer transPtr acquire lock) autoTimeout lock transPtr = acquire lock `onException` (uninterruptibleMask_ $ do _err ← c'libusb_cancel_transfer transPtr acquire lock) fmap (Ctx (Just wait)) $ FC.newForeignPtr ctxPtr $ do -- Remove notifiers after which we can safely free the FunPtrs: c'libusb_set_pollfd_notifiers ctxPtr nullFunPtr nullFunPtr nullPtr freeHaskellFunPtr aFP freeHaskellFunPtr rFP -- Unregister all registered file descriptors from the event manager: readIORef fdKeyMapRef >>= mapM_ (unregisterFd evtMgr) ∘ elems -- Finally deinitialize libusb: c'libusb_exit ctxPtr -- | Checks if the system supports asynchronous I\/O. -- -- * 'Nothing' means asynchronous I\/O is not supported so synchronous I\/O should -- be used instead. -- -- * @'Just' wait@ means that asynchronous I\/O is supported. The @wait@ -- function can be used to wait for submitted transfers. getWait ∷ DeviceHandle → Maybe Wait getWait = ctxGetWait ∘ getCtx ∘ getDevice #endif -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Set message verbosity. The default level is 'PrintNothing'. This means no messages are ever printed. If you choose to increase the message verbosity level you must ensure that your application does not close the @stdout@/@stderr@ file descriptors. You are advised to set the debug level to 'PrintWarnings'. Libusb is conservative with its message logging. Most of the time it will only log messages that explain error conditions and other oddities. This will help you debug your software. The LIBUSB_DEBUG environment variable overrules the debug level set by this function. The message verbosity is fixed to the value in the environment variable if it is defined. If @libusb@ was compiled without any message logging, this function does nothing: you'll never get any messages. If @libusb@ was compiled with verbose debug message logging, this function does nothing: you'll always get messages from all levels. -} setDebug ∷ Ctx → Verbosity → IO () setDebug ctx verbosity = withCtxPtr ctx $ \ctxPtr → c'libusb_set_debug ctxPtr $ genFromEnum verbosity -- | Message verbosity data Verbosity = PrintNothing -- ^ No messages are ever printed by the library | PrintErrors -- ^ Error messages are printed to stderr | PrintWarnings -- ^ Warning and error messages are printed to stderr | PrintInfo -- ^ Informational messages are printed to stdout, -- warning and error messages are printed to stderr deriving (Enum, Ord, COMMON_INSTANCES) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- * Enumeration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Abstract type representing a USB device detected on the system. You can only obtain a USB device from the 'getDevices' function. Certain operations can be performed on a device, but in order to do any I/O you will have to first obtain a 'DeviceHandle' using 'openDevice'. Alternatively you can use the package which provides type-safe device handling. Just because you have a reference to a device does not mean it is necessarily usable. The device may have been unplugged, you may not have permission to operate such device or another process or driver may be using the device. To get additional information about a device you can retrieve its descriptor using 'deviceDesc'. -} data Device = Device { getCtx ∷ !Ctx -- ^ This reference to the 'Ctx' is needed so that it won't -- get garbage collected. The finalizer "p'libusb_exit" is -- run only when all references to 'Devices' are gone. , getDevFrgnPtr ∷ !(ForeignPtr C'libusb_device) , deviceDesc ∷ !DeviceDesc -- ^ Get the descriptor of the device. } deriving Typeable -- | Equality on devices is defined by comparing their descriptors: -- @(==) = (==) \`on\` `deviceDesc`@ instance Eq Device where (==) = (==) `on` deviceDesc -- | Devices are shown in the same way as the popular @lsusb@ program: -- -- @Bus \ Device \: ID \:\@ instance Show Device where show d = printf "Bus %03d Device %03d: ID %04x:%04x" (busNumber d) (deviceAddress d) (deviceVendorId desc) (deviceProductId desc) where desc = deviceDesc d withDevicePtr ∷ Device → (Ptr C'libusb_device → IO α) → IO α withDevicePtr (Device ctx devFP _) f = withCtxPtr ctx $ \_ → withForeignPtr devFP f {-| Returns a list of USB devices currently attached to the system. This is your entry point into finding a USB device. Exceptions: * 'NoMemException' on a memory allocation failure. -} {- Visual description of the 'devPtrArrayPtr': D ^ D D │ ^ ^ │ │ │ │ │ devPtrArrayPtr: ┏━┷━┳━┷━┳━━━┳━━━┳━┷━┓ P ───> ┃ P ┃ P ┃ P ┃ P ┃ P ┃ ┗━━━┻━━━┻━┯━┻━┯━┻━━━┛ │ │ P = pointer v │ D = device structure D │ v D -} getDevices ∷ Ctx → IO [Device] getDevices ctx = withCtxPtr ctx $ \ctxPtr → alloca $ \devPtrArrayPtr → mask $ \restore → do numDevs ← checkUSBException $ c'libusb_get_device_list ctxPtr devPtrArrayPtr devPtrArray ← peek devPtrArrayPtr let freeDevPtrArray = c'libusb_free_device_list devPtrArray 0 devs ← restore (mapPeekArray mkDev numDevs devPtrArray) `onException` freeDevPtrArray freeDevPtrArray return devs where mkDev ∷ Ptr C'libusb_device → IO Device mkDev devPtr = liftA2 (Device ctx) (newForeignPtr p'libusb_unref_device devPtr) (getDeviceDesc devPtr) -- Both of the following numbers are static variables in the libusb device -- structure. It's therefore safe to use unsafePerformIO: -- | The number of the bus that a device is connected to. busNumber ∷ Device → Word8 busNumber dev = unsafePerformIO $ withDevicePtr dev c'libusb_get_bus_number -- | The address of the device on the bus it is connected to. deviceAddress ∷ Device → Word8 deviceAddress dev = unsafePerformIO $ withDevicePtr dev c'libusb_get_device_address -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- * Device handling -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Opening & closing devices -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Abstract type representing a handle of a USB device. You can acquire a handle from 'openDevice'. A device handle is used to perform I/O and other operations. When finished with a device handle you should close it by applying 'closeDevice' to it. -} data DeviceHandle = DeviceHandle { getDevice ∷ !Device -- This reference is needed for keeping the 'Device' -- and therefor the 'Ctx' alive. -- ^ Retrieve the 'Device' from the 'DeviceHandle'. , getDevHndlPtr ∷ !(Ptr C'libusb_device_handle) } deriving Typeable instance Eq DeviceHandle where (==) = (==) `on` getDevHndlPtr instance Show DeviceHandle where show devHndl = "{USB device handle to: " ++ show (getDevice devHndl) ++ "}" withDevHndlPtr ∷ DeviceHandle → (Ptr C'libusb_device_handle → IO α) → IO α withDevHndlPtr (DeviceHandle dev devHndlPtr) f = withDevicePtr dev $ \_ → f devHndlPtr {-| Open a device and obtain a device handle. A handle allows you to perform I/O on the device in question. This is a non-blocking function; no requests are sent over the bus. It is advisable to use 'withDeviceHandle' because it automatically closes the device when the computation terminates. Exceptions: * 'NoMemException' if there is a memory allocation failure. * 'AccessException' if the user has insufficient permissions. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} openDevice ∷ Device → IO DeviceHandle openDevice dev = withDevicePtr dev $ \devPtr → alloca $ \devHndlPtrPtr → do handleUSBException $ c'libusb_open devPtr devHndlPtrPtr DeviceHandle dev <$> peek devHndlPtrPtr {-| Close a device handle. Should be called on all open handles before your application exits. This is a non-blocking function; no requests are sent over the bus. -} closeDevice ∷ DeviceHandle → IO () closeDevice devHndl = withDevHndlPtr devHndl c'libusb_close {-| @withDeviceHandle dev act@ opens the 'Device' @dev@ and passes the resulting handle to the computation @act@. The handle will be closed on exit from @withDeviceHandle@ whether by normal termination or by raising an exception. -} withDeviceHandle ∷ Device → (DeviceHandle → IO α) → IO α withDeviceHandle dev = bracket (openDevice dev) closeDevice -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Getting & setting the configuration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Identifier for configurations. -- -- Can be retrieved by 'getConfig' or by 'configValue'. type ConfigValue = Word8 {-| Determine the value of the currently active configuration. You could formulate your own control request to obtain this information, but this function has the advantage that it may be able to retrieve the information from operating system caches (no I/O involved). If the OS does not cache this information, then this function will block while a control transfer is submitted to retrieve the information. This function returns 'Nothing' if the device is in unconfigured state. Exceptions: * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} getConfig ∷ DeviceHandle → IO (Maybe ConfigValue) getConfig devHndl = alloca $ \configPtr → do withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → handleUSBException $ c'libusb_get_configuration devHndlPtr configPtr unmarshal <$> peek configPtr where unmarshal 0 = Nothing unmarshal n = Just $ fromIntegral n {-| Set the active configuration for a device. The operating system may or may not have already set an active configuration on the device. It is up to your application to ensure the correct configuration is selected before you attempt to claim interfaces and perform other operations. If you call this function on a device already configured with the selected configuration, then this function will act as a lightweight device reset: it will issue a SET_CONFIGURATION request using the current configuration, causing most USB-related device state to be reset (altsetting reset to zero, endpoint halts cleared, toggles reset). You cannot change/reset configuration if your application has claimed interfaces - you should free them with 'releaseInterface' first. You cannot change/reset configuration if other applications or drivers have claimed interfaces. A configuration value of 'Nothing' will put the device in an unconfigured state. The USB specification states that a configuration value of 0 does this, however buggy devices exist which actually have a configuration 0. You should always use this function rather than formulating your own SET_CONFIGURATION control request. This is because the underlying operating system needs to know when such changes happen. This is a blocking function. Exceptions: * 'NotFoundException' if the requested configuration does not exist. * 'BusyException' if interfaces are currently claimed. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected * Another 'USBException'. -} setConfig ∷ DeviceHandle → Maybe ConfigValue → IO () setConfig devHndl config = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → handleUSBException $ c'libusb_set_configuration devHndlPtr $ marshal config where marshal = maybe (-1) fromIntegral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Claiming & releasing interfaces -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Identifier for interfaces. Can be retrieved by 'interfaceNumber'. -} type InterfaceNumber = Word8 {-| Claim an interface on a given device handle. You must claim the interface you wish to use before you can perform I/O on any of its endpoints. It is legal to attempt to claim an already-claimed interface, in which case this function just returns without doing anything. Claiming of interfaces is a purely logical operation; it does not cause any requests to be sent over the bus. Interface claiming is used to instruct the underlying operating system that your application wishes to take ownership of the interface. This is a non-blocking function. Exceptions: * 'NotFoundException' if the requested interface does not exist. * 'BusyException' if the interface is already claimed. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} claimInterface ∷ DeviceHandle → InterfaceNumber → IO () claimInterface devHndl ifNum = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → handleUSBException $ c'libusb_claim_interface devHndlPtr (fromIntegral ifNum) {-| Release an interface previously claimed with 'claimInterface'. You should release all claimed interfaces before closing a device handle. This is a blocking function. A SET_INTERFACE control request will be sent to the device, resetting interface state to the first alternate setting. Exceptions: * 'NotFoundException' if the interface was not claimed. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected * Another 'USBException'. -} releaseInterface ∷ DeviceHandle → InterfaceNumber → IO () releaseInterface devHndl ifNum = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → handleUSBException $ c'libusb_release_interface devHndlPtr (fromIntegral ifNum) {-| @withClaimedInterface@ claims the interface on the given device handle then executes the given computation. On exit from @withClaimedInterface@, the interface is released whether by normal termination or by raising an exception. -} withClaimedInterface ∷ DeviceHandle → InterfaceNumber → IO α → IO α withClaimedInterface devHndl ifNum = bracket_ (claimInterface devHndl ifNum) (releaseInterface devHndl ifNum) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Setting interface alternate settings -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Identifier for interface alternate settings. -- -- Can be retrieved by 'interfaceAltSetting'. type InterfaceAltSetting = Word8 {-| Activate an alternate setting for an interface. The interface must have been previously claimed with 'claimInterface' or 'withInterfaceHandle'. You should always use this function rather than formulating your own SET_INTERFACE control request. This is because the underlying operating system needs to know when such changes happen. This is a blocking function. Exceptions: * 'NotFoundException' if the interface was not claimed or the requested alternate setting does not exist. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} setInterfaceAltSetting ∷ DeviceHandle → InterfaceNumber → InterfaceAltSetting → IO () setInterfaceAltSetting devHndl ifNum alternateSetting = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → handleUSBException $ c'libusb_set_interface_alt_setting devHndlPtr (fromIntegral ifNum) (fromIntegral alternateSetting) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Clearing & Resetting devices -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Clear the halt/stall condition for an endpoint. Endpoints with halt status are unable to receive or transmit data until the halt condition is stalled. You should cancel all pending transfers before attempting to clear the halt condition. This is a blocking function. Exceptions: * 'NotFoundException' if the endpoint does not exist. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} clearHalt ∷ DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → IO () clearHalt devHndl endpointAddr = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → handleUSBException $ c'libusb_clear_halt devHndlPtr (marshalEndpointAddress endpointAddr) {-| Perform a USB port reset to reinitialize a device. The system will attempt to restore the previous configuration and alternate settings after the reset has completed. If the reset fails, the descriptors change, or the previous state cannot be restored, the device will appear to be disconnected and reconnected. This means that the device handle is no longer valid (you should close it) and rediscover the device. A 'NotFoundException' is raised to indicate that this is the case. This is a blocking function which usually incurs a noticeable delay. Exceptions: * 'NotFoundException' if re-enumeration is required, or if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} resetDevice ∷ DeviceHandle → IO () resetDevice devHndl = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ handleUSBException ∘ c'libusb_reset_device -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** USB kernel drivers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Determine if a kernel driver is active on an interface. If a kernel driver is active, you cannot claim the interface, and libusb will be unable to perform I/O. Exceptions: * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} kernelDriverActive ∷ DeviceHandle → InterfaceNumber → IO Bool kernelDriverActive devHndl ifNum = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → do r ← c'libusb_kernel_driver_active devHndlPtr (fromIntegral ifNum) case r of 0 → return False 1 → return True _ → throwIO $ convertUSBException r {-| Detach a kernel driver from an interface. If successful, you will then be able to claim the interface and perform I/O. Exceptions: * 'NotFoundException' if no kernel driver was active. * 'InvalidParamException' if the interface does not exist. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} detachKernelDriver ∷ DeviceHandle → InterfaceNumber → IO () detachKernelDriver devHndl ifNum = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → handleUSBException $ c'libusb_detach_kernel_driver devHndlPtr (fromIntegral ifNum) {-| Re-attach an interface's kernel driver, which was previously detached using 'detachKernelDriver'. Exceptions: * 'NotFoundException' if no kernel driver was active. * 'InvalidParamException' if the interface does not exist. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * 'BusyException' if the driver cannot be attached because the interface is claimed by a program or driver. * Another 'USBException'. -} attachKernelDriver ∷ DeviceHandle → InterfaceNumber → IO () attachKernelDriver devHndl ifNum = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → handleUSBException $ c'libusb_attach_kernel_driver devHndlPtr (fromIntegral ifNum) {-| If a kernel driver is active on the specified interface the driver is detached and the given action is executed. If the action terminates, whether by normal termination or by raising an exception, the kernel driver is attached again. If a kernel driver is not active on the specified interface the action is just executed. Exceptions: * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} withDetachedKernelDriver ∷ DeviceHandle → InterfaceNumber → IO α → IO α withDetachedKernelDriver devHndl ifNum action = ifM (kernelDriverActive devHndl ifNum) (bracket_ (detachKernelDriver devHndl ifNum) (attachKernelDriver devHndl ifNum) action) action -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- * Descriptors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Device descriptor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| A structure representing the standard USB device descriptor. This descriptor is documented in section 9.6.1 of the USB 2.0 specification. This structure can be retrieved by 'deviceDesc'. -} data DeviceDesc = DeviceDesc { -- | USB specification release number. deviceUSBSpecReleaseNumber ∷ !ReleaseNumber -- | USB-IF class code for the device. , deviceClass ∷ !Word8 -- | USB-IF subclass code for the device, qualified by the 'deviceClass' -- value. , deviceSubClass ∷ !Word8 -- | USB-IF protocol code for the device, qualified by the 'deviceClass' -- and 'deviceSubClass' values. , deviceProtocol ∷ !Word8 -- | Maximum packet size for endpoint 0. , deviceMaxPacketSize0 ∷ !Word8 -- | USB-IF vendor ID. , deviceVendorId ∷ !VendorId -- | USB-IF product ID. , deviceProductId ∷ !ProductId -- | Device release number. , deviceReleaseNumber ∷ !ReleaseNumber -- | Optional index of string descriptor describing manufacturer. , deviceManufacturerStrIx ∷ !(Maybe StrIx) -- | Optional index of string descriptor describing product. , deviceProductStrIx ∷ !(Maybe StrIx) -- | Optional index of string descriptor containing device serial number. , deviceSerialNumberStrIx ∷ !(Maybe StrIx) -- | Number of possible configurations. , deviceNumConfigs ∷ !Word8 -- | List of configurations supported by the device. , deviceConfigs ∷ ![ConfigDesc] } deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) type ReleaseNumber = (Int, Int, Int, Int) type VendorId = Word16 type ProductId = Word16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Configuration descriptor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| A structure representing the standard USB configuration descriptor. This descriptor is documented in section 9.6.3 of the USB 2.0 specification. This structure can be retrieved by 'deviceConfigs'. -} data ConfigDesc = ConfigDesc { -- | Identifier value for the configuration. configValue ∷ !ConfigValue -- | Optional index of string descriptor describing the configuration. , configStrIx ∷ !(Maybe StrIx) -- | Configuration characteristics. , configAttribs ∷ !ConfigAttribs -- | Maximum power consumption of the USB device from the bus in the -- configuration when the device is fully operational. Expressed in 2 mA -- units (i.e., 50 = 100 mA). , configMaxPower ∷ !Word8 -- | Number of interfaces supported by the configuration. , configNumInterfaces ∷ !Word8 -- | List of interfaces supported by the configuration. Note that the -- length of this list should equal 'configNumInterfaces'. , configInterfaces ∷ ![Interface] -- | Extra descriptors. If @libusb@ encounters unknown configuration -- descriptors, it will store them here, should you wish to parse them. , configExtra ∷ !B.ByteString } deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) -- | An interface is represented as a list of alternate interface settings. type Interface = [InterfaceDesc] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- *** Configuration attributes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | The USB 2.0 specification specifies that the configuration attributes only -- describe the device status. type ConfigAttribs = DeviceStatus data DeviceStatus = DeviceStatus { remoteWakeup ∷ !Bool -- ^ The Remote Wakeup field indicates whether the -- device is currently enabled to request remote -- wakeup. The default mode for devices that -- support remote wakeup is disabled. , selfPowered ∷ !Bool -- ^ The Self Powered field indicates whether the -- device is currently self-powered } deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Interface descriptor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| A structure representing the standard USB interface descriptor. This descriptor is documented in section 9.6.5 of the USB 2.0 specification. This structure can be retrieved using 'configInterfaces'. -} data InterfaceDesc = InterfaceDesc { -- | Number of the interface. interfaceNumber ∷ !InterfaceNumber -- | Value used to select the alternate setting for the interface. , interfaceAltSetting ∷ !InterfaceAltSetting -- | USB-IF class code for the interface. , interfaceClass ∷ !Word8 -- | USB-IF subclass code for the interface, qualified by the -- 'interfaceClass' value. , interfaceSubClass ∷ !Word8 -- | USB-IF protocol code for the interface, qualified by the -- 'interfaceClass' and 'interfaceSubClass' values. , interfaceProtocol ∷ !Word8 -- | Optional index of string descriptor describing the interface. , interfaceStrIx ∷ !(Maybe StrIx) -- | List of endpoints supported by the interface. , interfaceEndpoints ∷ ![EndpointDesc] -- | Extra descriptors. If @libusb@ encounters unknown interface -- descriptors, it will store them here, should you wish to parse them. , interfaceExtra ∷ !B.ByteString } deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Endpoint descriptor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| A structure representing the standard USB endpoint descriptor. This descriptor is documented in section 9.6.3 of the USB 2.0 specification. This structure can be retrieved by using 'interfaceEndpoints'. -} data EndpointDesc = EndpointDesc { -- | The address of the endpoint described by the descriptor. endpointAddress ∷ !EndpointAddress -- | Attributes which apply to the endpoint when it is configured using the -- 'configValue'. , endpointAttribs ∷ !EndpointAttribs -- | Maximum packet size the endpoint is capable of sending/receiving. , endpointMaxPacketSize ∷ !MaxPacketSize -- | Interval for polling endpoint for data transfers. Expressed in frames -- or microframes depending on the device operating speed (i.e., either 1 -- millisecond or 125 μs units). , endpointInterval ∷ !Word8 -- | /For audio devices only:/ the rate at which synchronization feedback -- is provided. , endpointRefresh ∷ !Word8 -- | /For audio devices only:/ the address of the synch endpoint. , endpointSynchAddress ∷ !Word8 -- | Extra descriptors. If @libusb@ encounters unknown endpoint descriptors, -- it will store them here, should you wish to parse them. , endpointExtra ∷ !B.ByteString } deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- *** Endpoint address -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | The address of an endpoint. data EndpointAddress = EndpointAddress { endpointNumber ∷ !Int -- ^ Must be >= 0 and <= 15 , transferDirection ∷ !TransferDirection } deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) -- | The direction of data transfer relative to the host. data TransferDirection = Out -- ^ Out transfer direction (host -> device) used -- for writing. | In -- ^ In transfer direction (device -> host) used -- for reading. deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- *** Endpoint attributes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | The USB 2.0 specification specifies that the endpoint attributes only -- describe the endpoint transfer type. type EndpointAttribs = TransferType -- | Describes what types of transfers are allowed on the endpoint. data TransferType = -- | Control transfers are typically used for command and status -- operations. Control -- | Isochronous transfers occur continuously and periodically. | Isochronous !Synchronization !Usage -- | Bulk transfers can be used for large bursty data. | Bulk -- | Interrupt transfers are typically non-periodic, small device -- \"initiated\" communication requiring bounded latency. | Interrupt deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) -- | See section 5.12.4.1 of the USB 2.0 specification. data Synchronization = NoSynchronization | Asynchronous -- ^ Unsynchronized, -- although sinks provide data rate feedback. | Adaptive -- ^ Synchronized using feedback or feedforward -- data rate information | Synchronous -- ^ Synchronized to the USB’s SOF (/Start Of Frame/) deriving (Enum, COMMON_INSTANCES) -- | See section 5.12.4.2 of the USB 2.0 specification. data Usage = Data | Feedback | Implicit deriving (Enum, COMMON_INSTANCES) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- *** Endpoint max packet size -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- data MaxPacketSize = MaxPacketSize { maxPacketSize ∷ !Size , transactionOpportunities ∷ !TransactionOpportunities } deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) -- | Number of additional transaction oppurtunities per microframe. -- -- See table 9-13 of the USB 2.0 specification. data TransactionOpportunities = Zero -- ^ None (1 transaction per microframe) | One -- ^ 1 additional (2 per microframe) | Two -- ^ 2 additional (3 per microframe) deriving (Enum, Ord, COMMON_INSTANCES) {-| Calculate the maximum packet size which a specific endpoint is capable of sending or receiving in the duration of 1 microframe. If acting on an 'Isochronous' or 'Interrupt' endpoint, this function will multiply the 'maxPacketSize' by the additional 'transactionOpportunities'. If acting on another type of endpoint only the 'maxPacketSize' is returned. This function is mainly useful for setting up /isochronous/ transfers. -} maxIsoPacketSize ∷ EndpointDesc → Size maxIsoPacketSize epDesc | isochronousOrInterrupt = mps * (1 + fromEnum to) | otherwise = mps where MaxPacketSize mps to = endpointMaxPacketSize epDesc isochronousOrInterrupt = case endpointAttribs epDesc of Isochronous _ _ → True Interrupt → True _ → False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Retrieving and converting descriptors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- getDeviceDesc ∷ Ptr C'libusb_device → IO DeviceDesc getDeviceDesc devPtr = alloca $ \devDescPtr → do handleUSBException $ c'libusb_get_device_descriptor devPtr devDescPtr peek devDescPtr >>= convertDeviceDesc devPtr convertDeviceDesc ∷ Ptr C'libusb_device → C'libusb_device_descriptor → IO DeviceDesc convertDeviceDesc devPtr d = do let numConfigs = c'libusb_device_descriptor'bNumConfigurations d configs ← forM [0..numConfigs-1] $ getConfigDesc devPtr return DeviceDesc { deviceUSBSpecReleaseNumber = unmarshalReleaseNumber $ c'libusb_device_descriptor'bcdUSB d , deviceClass = c'libusb_device_descriptor'bDeviceClass d , deviceSubClass = c'libusb_device_descriptor'bDeviceSubClass d , deviceProtocol = c'libusb_device_descriptor'bDeviceProtocol d , deviceMaxPacketSize0 = c'libusb_device_descriptor'bMaxPacketSize0 d , deviceVendorId = c'libusb_device_descriptor'idVendor d , deviceProductId = c'libusb_device_descriptor'idProduct d , deviceReleaseNumber = unmarshalReleaseNumber $ c'libusb_device_descriptor'bcdDevice d , deviceManufacturerStrIx = unmarshalStrIx $ c'libusb_device_descriptor'iManufacturer d , deviceProductStrIx = unmarshalStrIx $ c'libusb_device_descriptor'iProduct d , deviceSerialNumberStrIx = unmarshalStrIx $ c'libusb_device_descriptor'iSerialNumber d , deviceNumConfigs = numConfigs , deviceConfigs = configs } -- | Unmarshal a a 16bit word as a release number. The 16bit word should be -- encoded as a -- -- using 4 bits for each of the 4 decimals. unmarshalReleaseNumber ∷ Word16 → ReleaseNumber unmarshalReleaseNumber abcd = (a, b, c, d) where [a, b, c, d] = map fromIntegral $ decodeBCD 4 abcd -- | Unmarshal an 8bit word to a string descriptor index. 0 denotes that a -- string descriptor is not available and unmarshals to 'Nothing'. unmarshalStrIx ∷ Word8 → Maybe StrIx unmarshalStrIx 0 = Nothing unmarshalStrIx strIx = Just strIx getConfigDesc ∷ Ptr C'libusb_device → Word8 → IO ConfigDesc getConfigDesc devPtr ix = bracket getConfigDescPtr c'libusb_free_config_descriptor ((convertConfigDesc =<<) ∘ peek) where getConfigDescPtr = alloca $ \configDescPtrPtr → do handleUSBException $ c'libusb_get_config_descriptor devPtr ix configDescPtrPtr peek configDescPtrPtr convertConfigDesc ∷ C'libusb_config_descriptor → IO ConfigDesc convertConfigDesc c = do let numInterfaces = c'libusb_config_descriptor'bNumInterfaces c interfaces ← mapPeekArray convertInterface (fromIntegral numInterfaces) (c'libusb_config_descriptor'interface c) extra ← getExtra (c'libusb_config_descriptor'extra c) (c'libusb_config_descriptor'extra_length c) return ConfigDesc { configValue = c'libusb_config_descriptor'bConfigurationValue c , configStrIx = unmarshalStrIx $ c'libusb_config_descriptor'iConfiguration c , configAttribs = unmarshalConfigAttribs $ c'libusb_config_descriptor'bmAttributes c , configMaxPower = c'libusb_config_descriptor'MaxPower c , configNumInterfaces = numInterfaces , configInterfaces = interfaces , configExtra = extra } unmarshalConfigAttribs ∷ Word8 → ConfigAttribs unmarshalConfigAttribs a = DeviceStatus { remoteWakeup = testBit a 5 , selfPowered = testBit a 6 } getExtra ∷ Ptr CUChar → CInt → IO B.ByteString getExtra extra extraLength = B.packCStringLen ( castPtr extra , fromIntegral extraLength ) convertInterface ∷ C'libusb_interface → IO [InterfaceDesc] convertInterface i = mapPeekArray convertInterfaceDesc (fromIntegral $ c'libusb_interface'num_altsetting i) (c'libusb_interface'altsetting i) convertInterfaceDesc ∷ C'libusb_interface_descriptor → IO InterfaceDesc convertInterfaceDesc i = do let numEndpoints = c'libusb_interface_descriptor'bNumEndpoints i endpoints ← mapPeekArray convertEndpointDesc (fromIntegral numEndpoints) (c'libusb_interface_descriptor'endpoint i) extra ← getExtra (c'libusb_interface_descriptor'extra i) (c'libusb_interface_descriptor'extra_length i) return InterfaceDesc { interfaceNumber = c'libusb_interface_descriptor'bInterfaceNumber i , interfaceAltSetting = c'libusb_interface_descriptor'bAlternateSetting i , interfaceClass = c'libusb_interface_descriptor'bInterfaceClass i , interfaceSubClass = c'libusb_interface_descriptor'bInterfaceSubClass i , interfaceStrIx = unmarshalStrIx $ c'libusb_interface_descriptor'iInterface i , interfaceProtocol = c'libusb_interface_descriptor'bInterfaceProtocol i , interfaceEndpoints = endpoints , interfaceExtra = extra } convertEndpointDesc ∷ C'libusb_endpoint_descriptor → IO EndpointDesc convertEndpointDesc e = do extra ← getExtra (c'libusb_endpoint_descriptor'extra e) (c'libusb_endpoint_descriptor'extra_length e) return EndpointDesc { endpointAddress = unmarshalEndpointAddress $ c'libusb_endpoint_descriptor'bEndpointAddress e , endpointAttribs = unmarshalEndpointAttribs $ c'libusb_endpoint_descriptor'bmAttributes e , endpointMaxPacketSize = unmarshalMaxPacketSize $ c'libusb_endpoint_descriptor'wMaxPacketSize e , endpointInterval = c'libusb_endpoint_descriptor'bInterval e , endpointRefresh = c'libusb_endpoint_descriptor'bRefresh e , endpointSynchAddress = c'libusb_endpoint_descriptor'bSynchAddress e , endpointExtra = extra } -- | Unmarshal an 8bit word as an endpoint address. This function is primarily -- used when unmarshalling USB descriptors. unmarshalEndpointAddress ∷ Word8 → EndpointAddress unmarshalEndpointAddress a = EndpointAddress { endpointNumber = fromIntegral $ bits 0 3 a , transferDirection = if testBit a 7 then In else Out } -- | Marshal an endpoint address so that it can be used by the @libusb@ transfer -- functions. marshalEndpointAddress ∷ (Bits α, Num α) ⇒ EndpointAddress → α marshalEndpointAddress (EndpointAddress num transDir) = assert (between num 0 15) $ let n = fromIntegral num in case transDir of Out → n In → setBit n 7 unmarshalEndpointAttribs ∷ Word8 → EndpointAttribs unmarshalEndpointAttribs a = case bits 0 1 a of 0 → Control 1 → Isochronous (genToEnum $ bits 2 3 a) (genToEnum $ bits 4 5 a) 2 → Bulk 3 → Interrupt _ → moduleError "unmarshalEndpointAttribs: this can't happen!" unmarshalMaxPacketSize ∷ Word16 → MaxPacketSize unmarshalMaxPacketSize m = MaxPacketSize { maxPacketSize = fromIntegral $ bits 0 10 m , transactionOpportunities = genToEnum $ bits 11 12 m } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** String descriptors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | The size in number of bytes of the header of string descriptors. strDescHeaderSize ∷ Size strDescHeaderSize = 2 -- | Characters are encoded as UTF16LE so each character takes two bytes. charSize ∷ Size charSize = 2 {-| Retrieve a list of supported languages. This function may throw 'USBException's. -} getLanguages ∷ DeviceHandle → IO [LangId] getLanguages devHndl = allocaArray maxSize $ \dataPtr → do reportedSize ← write dataPtr let strSize = (reportedSize - strDescHeaderSize) `div` charSize strPtr = castPtr $ dataPtr `plusPtr` strDescHeaderSize map unmarshalLangId <$> peekArray strSize strPtr where maxSize = 255 -- Some devices choke on size > 255 write = putStrDesc devHndl 0 0 maxSize {-| @putStrDesc devHndl strIx langId maxSize dataPtr@ retrieves the string descriptor @strIx@ in the language @langId@ from the @devHndl@ and writes at most @maxSize@ bytes from that string descriptor to the location that @dataPtr@ points to. So ensure there is at least space for @maxSize@ bytes there. Next, the header of the string descriptor is checked for correctness. If it's incorrect an 'IOException' is thrown. Finally, the size reported in the header is returned. -} putStrDesc ∷ DeviceHandle → StrIx → Word16 → Size → Ptr CUChar → IO Size putStrDesc devHndl strIx langId maxSize dataPtr = do actualSize ← withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → checkUSBException $ c'libusb_get_string_descriptor devHndlPtr strIx langId dataPtr (fromIntegral maxSize) when (actualSize < strDescHeaderSize) $ throwIO $ IOException "Incomplete header" reportedSize ← peek dataPtr when (reportedSize > fromIntegral actualSize) $ throwIO $ IOException "Not enough space to hold data" descType ← peekElemOff dataPtr 1 when (descType ≢ c'LIBUSB_DT_STRING) $ throwIO $ IOException "Invalid header" return $ fromIntegral reportedSize {-| The language ID consists of the primary language identifier and the sublanguage identififier as described in: For a mapping between IDs and languages see the package. To see which 'LangId's are supported by a device see 'getLanguages'. -} type LangId = (PrimaryLangId, SubLangId) type PrimaryLangId = Word16 type SubLangId = Word16 unmarshalLangId ∷ Word16 → LangId unmarshalLangId = bits 0 9 &&& bits 10 15 marshalLangId ∷ LangId → Word16 marshalLangId (p, s) = p .|. s `shiftL`10 -- | Type of indici of string descriptors. -- -- Can be retrieved by all the *StrIx functions. type StrIx = Word8 {-| Retrieve a string descriptor from a device. This function may throw 'USBException's. -} getStrDesc ∷ DeviceHandle → StrIx → LangId → Int -- ^ Maximum number of characters in the requested string. An -- 'IOException' will be thrown when the requested string is -- larger than this number. → IO Text getStrDesc devHndl strIx langId nrOfChars = assert (strIx ≢ 0) $ fmap decode $ BI.createAndTrim size $ write ∘ castPtr where write = putStrDesc devHndl strIx (marshalLangId langId) size size = strDescHeaderSize + nrOfChars * charSize decode = TE.decodeUtf16LE ∘ B.drop strDescHeaderSize {-| Retrieve a string descriptor from a device using the first supported language. This function may throw 'USBException's. -} getStrDescFirstLang ∷ DeviceHandle → StrIx → Int -- ^ Maximum number of characters in the requested -- string. An 'IOException' will be thrown when the -- requested string is larger than this number. → IO Text getStrDescFirstLang devHndl strIx nrOfChars = do langIds ← getLanguages devHndl case langIds of [] → throwIO $ IOException "Zero languages" langId : _ → getStrDesc devHndl strIx langId nrOfChars -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- * I/O -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Handy type synonym for read transfers. A @ReadAction@ is a function which takes a 'Size' which defines how many bytes to read and a 'Timeout'. The function returns an 'IO' action which, when executed, performs the actual read and returns the 'B.ByteString' that was read paired with a 'Status' flag which indicates whether the transfer 'Completed' or 'TimedOut'. -} type ReadAction = Size → Timeout → IO (B.ByteString, Status) -- | Handy type synonym for read transfers that must exactly read the specified -- number of bytes. An 'incompleteReadException' is thrown otherwise. type ReadExactAction = Size → Timeout → IO B.ByteString {-| Handy type synonym for write transfers. A @WriteAction@ is a function which takes a 'B.ByteString' to write and a 'Timeout'. The function returns an 'IO' action which, when exectued, returns the number of bytes that were actually written paired with a 'Status' flag which indicates whether the transfer 'Completed' or 'TimedOut'. -} type WriteAction = B.ByteString → Timeout → IO (Size, Status) -- | Handy type synonym for write transfers that must exactly write all the -- given bytes. An 'incompleteWriteException' is thrown otherwise. type WriteExactAction = B.ByteString → Timeout → IO () -- | Number of bytes transferred. type Size = Int -- | A timeout in milliseconds. A timeout defines how long a transfer should wait -- before giving up due to no response being received. -- Use 'noTimeout' for no timeout. type Timeout = Int -- | A timeout of 0 denotes no timeout so: @noTimeout = 0@. noTimeout ∷ Timeout noTimeout = 0 -- | Status of a terminated transfer. data Status = Completed -- ^ All bytes were transferred -- within the maximum allowed 'Timeout' period. | TimedOut -- ^ Not all bytes were transferred -- within the maximum allowed 'Timeout' period. deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Types of control transfers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Handy type synonym that names the parameters of a control transfer. type ControlAction α = RequestType → Recipient → Request → Value → Index → α data RequestType = Standard | Class | Vendor deriving (Enum, COMMON_INSTANCES) data Recipient = ToDevice | ToInterface | ToEndpoint | ToOther deriving (Enum, COMMON_INSTANCES) type Request = Word8 -- | (Host-endian) type Value = Word16 -- | (Host-endian) type Index = Word16 marshalRequestType ∷ RequestType → Recipient → Word8 marshalRequestType t r = genFromEnum t `shiftL` 5 .|. genFromEnum r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Control transfers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Perform a USB /control/ request that does not transfer data. Exceptions: * 'TimeoutException' if the transfer timed out. * 'PipeException' if the control request was not supported by the device * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} control ∷ DeviceHandle → ControlAction (Timeout → IO ()) control devHndl reqType reqRecipient request value index timeout = do (_, status) ← doControl when (status ≡ TimedOut) $ throwIO TimeoutException where doControl #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER | Just wait ← getWait devHndl = allocaBytes controlSetupSize $ \bufferPtr → do poke bufferPtr $ C'libusb_control_setup requestType request value index 0 transferAsync wait c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_CONTROL devHndl controlEndpoint timeout (bufferPtr, controlSetupSize) #endif | otherwise = controlTransferSync devHndl requestType request value index timeout (nullPtr, 0) requestType = marshalRequestType reqType reqRecipient -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Perform a USB /control/ read. Exceptions: * 'PipeException' if the control request was not supported by the device * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} readControl ∷ DeviceHandle → ControlAction ReadAction readControl devHndl reqType reqRecipient request value index size timeout #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER | Just wait ← getWait devHndl = do let totalSize = controlSetupSize + size allocaBytes totalSize $ \bufferPtr → do poke bufferPtr $ C'libusb_control_setup requestType request value index (fromIntegral size) (transferred, status) ← transferAsync wait c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_CONTROL devHndl controlEndpoint timeout (bufferPtr, totalSize) bs ← BI.create transferred $ \dataPtr → copyArray dataPtr (bufferPtr `plusPtr` controlSetupSize) transferred return (bs, status) #endif | otherwise = createAndTrimNoOffset size $ \dataPtr → controlTransferSync devHndl requestType request value index timeout (dataPtr, size) where requestType = marshalRequestType reqType reqRecipient `setBit` 7 -- | A convenience function similar to 'readControl' which checks if the -- specified number of bytes to read were actually read. -- Throws an 'incompleteReadException' if this is not the case. readControlExact ∷ DeviceHandle → ControlAction ReadExactAction readControlExact devHndl reqType reqRecipient request value index size timeout = do (bs, _) ← readControl devHndl reqType reqRecipient request value index size timeout if B.length bs ≢ size then throwIO incompleteReadException else return bs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Perform a USB /control/ write. Exceptions: * 'PipeException' if the control request was not supported by the device * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} writeControl ∷ DeviceHandle → ControlAction WriteAction writeControl devHndl reqType reqRecipient request value index input timeout #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER | Just wait ← getWait devHndl = BU.unsafeUseAsCStringLen input $ \(dataPtr, size) → do let totalSize = controlSetupSize + size allocaBytes totalSize $ \bufferPtr → do poke bufferPtr $ C'libusb_control_setup requestType request value index (fromIntegral size) copyArray (bufferPtr `plusPtr` controlSetupSize) dataPtr size transferAsync wait c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_CONTROL devHndl controlEndpoint timeout (bufferPtr, totalSize) #endif | otherwise = BU.unsafeUseAsCStringLen input $ controlTransferSync devHndl requestType request value index timeout where requestType = marshalRequestType reqType reqRecipient -- | A convenience function similar to 'writeControl' which checks if the given -- bytes were actually fully written. -- Throws an 'incompleteWriteException' if this is not the case. writeControlExact ∷ DeviceHandle → ControlAction WriteExactAction writeControlExact devHndl reqType reqRecipient request value index input timeout = do (transferred, _) ← writeControl devHndl reqType reqRecipient request value index input timeout when (transferred ≢ B.length input) $ throwIO incompleteWriteException -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER controlSetupSize ∷ Size controlSetupSize = sizeOf (undefined ∷ C'libusb_control_setup) controlEndpoint ∷ CUChar controlEndpoint = 0 #endif controlTransferSync ∷ DeviceHandle → Word8 → Request → Value → Index → Timeout → (Ptr byte, Size) → IO (Size, Status) controlTransferSync devHndl reqType request value index timeout (dataPtr, size) = do err ← withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → c'libusb_control_transfer devHndlPtr reqType request value index (castPtr dataPtr) (fromIntegral size) (fromIntegral timeout) let timedOut = err ≡ c'LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT if err < 0 ∧ not timedOut then throwIO $ convertUSBException err else return ( fromIntegral err , if timedOut then TimedOut else Completed ) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Bulk transfers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Perform a USB /bulk/ read. Exceptions: * 'PipeException' if the endpoint halted. * 'OverflowException' if the device offered more data, see in the @libusb@ documentation. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} readBulk ∷ DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → ReadAction readBulk devHndl #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER | Just wait ← getWait devHndl = readTransferAsync wait c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK devHndl #endif | otherwise = readTransferSync c'libusb_bulk_transfer devHndl {-| Perform a USB /bulk/ write. Exceptions: * 'PipeException' if the endpoint halted. * 'OverflowException' if the device offered more data, see in the @libusb@ documentation. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} writeBulk ∷ DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → WriteAction writeBulk devHndl #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER | Just wait ← getWait devHndl = writeTransferAsync wait c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK devHndl #endif | otherwise = writeTransferSync c'libusb_bulk_transfer devHndl -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Interrupt transfers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Perform a USB /interrupt/ read. Exceptions: * 'PipeException' if the endpoint halted. * 'OverflowException' if the device offered more data, see in the @libusb@ documentation. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} readInterrupt ∷ DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → ReadAction readInterrupt devHndl #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER | Just wait ← getWait devHndl = readTransferAsync wait c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT devHndl #endif | otherwise = readTransferSync c'libusb_interrupt_transfer devHndl {-| Perform a USB /interrupt/ write. Exceptions: * 'PipeException' if the endpoint halted. * 'OverflowException' if the device offered more data, see in the @libusb@ documentation. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} writeInterrupt ∷ DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → WriteAction writeInterrupt devHndl #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER | Just wait ← getWait devHndl = writeTransferAsync wait c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT devHndl #endif | otherwise = writeTransferSync c'libusb_interrupt_transfer devHndl -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Handy type synonym for the @libusb@ transfer functions. type C'TransferFunc = Ptr C'libusb_device_handle -- devHndlPtr → CUChar -- endpoint address → Ptr CUChar -- dataPtr → CInt -- size → Ptr CInt -- transferredPtr → CUInt -- timeout → IO CInt -- error readTransferSync ∷ C'TransferFunc → (DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → ReadAction) readTransferSync c'transfer = \devHndl endpointAddr → \size timeout → createAndTrimNoOffset size $ \dataPtr → transferSync c'transfer devHndl endpointAddr timeout (castPtr dataPtr, size) writeTransferSync ∷ C'TransferFunc → (DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → WriteAction) writeTransferSync c'transfer = \devHndl endpointAddr → \input timeout → BU.unsafeUseAsCStringLen input $ transferSync c'transfer devHndl endpointAddr timeout transferSync ∷ C'TransferFunc → DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → Timeout → CStringLen → IO (Size, Status) transferSync c'transfer devHndl endpointAddr timeout (dataPtr, size) = alloca $ \transferredPtr → do err ← withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → c'transfer devHndlPtr (marshalEndpointAddress endpointAddr) (castPtr dataPtr) (fromIntegral size) transferredPtr (fromIntegral timeout) let timedOut = err ≡ c'LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT if err ≢ c'LIBUSB_SUCCESS ∧ not timedOut then throwIO $ convertUSBException err else do transferred ← peek transferredPtr return ( fromIntegral transferred , if timedOut then TimedOut else Completed ) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #ifdef HAS_EVENT_MANAGER readTransferAsync ∷ Wait → C'TransferType → DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → ReadAction readTransferAsync wait transType = \devHndl endpointAddr → \size timeout → createAndTrimNoOffset size $ \bufferPtr → transferAsync wait transType devHndl (marshalEndpointAddress endpointAddr) timeout (bufferPtr, size) writeTransferAsync ∷ Wait → C'TransferType → DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → WriteAction writeTransferAsync wait transType = \devHndl endpointAddr → \input timeout → BU.unsafeUseAsCStringLen input $ transferAsync wait transType devHndl (marshalEndpointAddress endpointAddr) timeout -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type C'TransferType = CUChar transferAsync ∷ Wait → C'TransferType → DeviceHandle → CUChar -- ^ Encoded endpoint address → Timeout → (Ptr byte, Size) → IO (Size, Status) transferAsync wait transType devHndl endpoint timeout bytes = withTerminatedTransfer wait transType 0 [] devHndl endpoint timeout bytes (continue Completed) (continue TimedOut) where continue status transPtr = do n ← peek $ p'libusb_transfer'actual_length transPtr return (fromIntegral n, status) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- withTerminatedTransfer ∷ Wait → C'TransferType → Int → [C'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor] → DeviceHandle → CUChar -- ^ Encoded endpoint address → Timeout → (Ptr byte, Size) → (Ptr C'libusb_transfer → IO α) → (Ptr C'libusb_transfer → IO α) → IO α withTerminatedTransfer wait transType nrOfIsoPackets isoPackageDescs devHndl endpoint timeout (bufferPtr, size) onCompletion onTimeout = withDevHndlPtr devHndl $ \devHndlPtr → allocaTransfer nrOfIsoPackets $ \transPtr → do lock ← newLock withCallback (\_ → release lock) $ \cbPtr → do poke transPtr $ C'libusb_transfer { c'libusb_transfer'dev_handle = devHndlPtr , c'libusb_transfer'flags = 0 -- unused , c'libusb_transfer'endpoint = endpoint , c'libusb_transfer'type = transType , c'libusb_transfer'timeout = fromIntegral timeout , c'libusb_transfer'status = 0 -- output , c'libusb_transfer'length = fromIntegral size , c'libusb_transfer'actual_length = 0 -- output , c'libusb_transfer'callback = cbPtr , c'libusb_transfer'user_data = nullPtr -- unused , c'libusb_transfer'buffer = castPtr bufferPtr , c'libusb_transfer'num_iso_packets = fromIntegral nrOfIsoPackets , c'libusb_transfer'iso_packet_desc = isoPackageDescs } mask_ $ do handleUSBException $ c'libusb_submit_transfer transPtr wait timeout lock transPtr status ← peek $ p'libusb_transfer'status transPtr case status of ts | ts ≡ c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED → onCompletion transPtr | ts ≡ c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT → onTimeout transPtr | ts ≡ c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR → throwIO ioException | ts ≡ c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_NO_DEVICE → throwIO NoDeviceException | ts ≡ c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_OVERFLOW → throwIO OverflowException | ts ≡ c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL → throwIO PipeException | ts ≡ c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED → moduleError "transfer status can't be Cancelled!" | otherwise → moduleError $ "Unknown transfer status: " ++ show ts ++ "!" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Allocate a transfer with the given number of isochronous packets and apply -- the function to the resulting pointer. The transfer is automatically freed -- when the function terminates (whether normally or by raising an exception). -- -- A 'NoMemException' may be thrown. allocaTransfer ∷ Int → (Ptr C'libusb_transfer → IO α) → IO α allocaTransfer nrOfIsoPackets = bracket mallocTransfer c'libusb_free_transfer where mallocTransfer = do transPtr ← c'libusb_alloc_transfer (fromIntegral nrOfIsoPackets) when (transPtr ≡ nullPtr) (throwIO NoMemException) return transPtr -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Create a 'FunPtr' to the given transfer callback function and pass it to -- the continuation function. The 'FunPtr' is automatically freed when the -- continuation terminates (whether normally or by raising an exception). withCallback ∷ (Ptr C'libusb_transfer → IO ()) → (C'libusb_transfer_cb_fn → IO α) → IO α withCallback cb = bracket (mk'libusb_transfer_cb_fn cb) freeHaskellFunPtr -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | A lock is in one of two states: \"locked\" or \"unlocked\". newtype Lock = Lock (MVar ()) deriving Eq -- | Create a lock in the \"unlocked\" state. newLock ∷ IO Lock newLock = Lock <$> newEmptyMVar {-| Acquires the 'Lock'. Blocks if another thread has acquired the 'Lock'. @acquire@ behaves as follows: * When the state is \"unlocked\" @acquire@ changes the state to \"locked\". * When the state is \"locked\" @acquire@ /blocks/ until a call to 'release' in another thread wakes the calling thread. Upon awakening it will change the state to \"locked\". -} acquire ∷ Lock → IO () acquire (Lock mv) = takeMVar mv {-| @release@ changes the state to \"unlocked\" and returns immediately. The behaviour is undefined when a lock in the \"unlocked\" state is released! If there are any threads blocked on 'acquire' the thread that first called @acquire@ will be woken up. -} release ∷ Lock → IO () release (Lock mv) = putMVar mv () -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ** Isochronous transfers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Perform a USB /isochronous/ read. /WARNING:/ You need to enable the threaded runtime (@-threaded@) for this function to work correctly. It throws a runtime error otherwise! Exceptions: * 'PipeException' if the endpoint halted. * 'OverflowException' if the device offered more data, see in the @libusb@ documentation. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} readIsochronous ∷ DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → [Size] -- ^ Sizes of isochronous packets → Timeout → IO [B.ByteString] readIsochronous devHndl endpointAddr sizes timeout | Just wait ← getWait devHndl = do let SumLength totalSize nrOfIsoPackets = sumLength sizes allocaBytes totalSize $ \bufferPtr → withTerminatedTransfer wait c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS nrOfIsoPackets (map initIsoPacketDesc sizes) devHndl (marshalEndpointAddress endpointAddr) timeout (bufferPtr, totalSize) (\transPtr → convertIsos nrOfIsoPackets transPtr bufferPtr) (\_ → throwIO TimeoutException) | otherwise = needThreadedRTSError "readIsochronous" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-| Perform a USB /isochronous/ write. /WARNING:/ You need to enable the threaded runtime (@-threaded@) for this function to work correctly. It throws a runtime error otherwise! Exceptions: * 'PipeException' if the endpoint halted. * 'OverflowException' if the device offered more data, see in the @libusb@ documentation. * 'NoDeviceException' if the device has been disconnected. * Another 'USBException'. -} writeIsochronous ∷ DeviceHandle → EndpointAddress → [B.ByteString] → Timeout → IO [Size] writeIsochronous devHndl endpointAddr isoPackets timeout | Just wait ← getWait devHndl = do let sizes = map B.length isoPackets SumLength totalSize nrOfIsoPackets = sumLength sizes allocaBytes totalSize $ \bufferPtr → do copyIsos (castPtr bufferPtr) isoPackets withTerminatedTransfer wait c'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS nrOfIsoPackets (map initIsoPacketDesc sizes) devHndl (marshalEndpointAddress endpointAddr) timeout (bufferPtr, totalSize) (\transPtr → map actualLength <$> peekIsoPacketDescs nrOfIsoPackets transPtr) (\_ → throwIO TimeoutException) | otherwise = needThreadedRTSError "writeIsochronous" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- actualLength ∷ C'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor → Size actualLength = fromIntegral ∘ c'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor'actual_length -- | Simultaneously calculate the sum and length of the given list. sumLength ∷ [Int] → SumLength sumLength = foldl' (\(SumLength s l) x → SumLength (s+x) (l+1)) (SumLength 0 0) -- | Strict pair of sum and length. data SumLength = SumLength !Int !Int -- | An isochronous packet descriptor with all fields zero except for the length. initIsoPacketDesc ∷ Size → C'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor initIsoPacketDesc size = C'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor { c'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor'length = fromIntegral size , c'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor'actual_length = 0 , c'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor'status = 0 } convertIsos ∷ Int → Ptr C'libusb_transfer → Ptr Word8 → IO [B.ByteString] convertIsos nrOfIsoPackets transPtr bufferPtr = peekIsoPacketDescs nrOfIsoPackets transPtr >>= go bufferPtr id where go _ bss [] = return $ bss [] go ptr bss (C'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor l a _ : ds) = do let transferred = fromIntegral a bs ← BI.create transferred $ \p → copyArray p ptr transferred go (ptr `plusPtr` fromIntegral l) (bss ∘ (bs:)) ds -- | Retrieve the isochronous packet descriptors from the given transfer. peekIsoPacketDescs ∷ Int → Ptr C'libusb_transfer → IO [C'libusb_iso_packet_descriptor] peekIsoPacketDescs nrOfIsoPackets = peekArray nrOfIsoPackets ∘ p'libusb_transfer'iso_packet_desc copyIsos ∷ Ptr CChar → [B.ByteString] → IO () copyIsos = foldM_ $ \bufferPtr bs → BU.unsafeUseAsCStringLen bs $ \(ptr, len) → do copyArray bufferPtr ptr len return $ bufferPtr `plusPtr` len #endif -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- createAndTrimNoOffset ∷ Size → (Ptr Word8 → IO (Size, α)) → IO (B.ByteString, α) createAndTrimNoOffset size f = BI.createAndTrim' size $ \ptr → do (l, x) ← f ptr return (offset, l, x) where offset = 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- * Exceptions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | @handleUSBException action@ executes @action@. If @action@ returned an -- error code other than 'c\'LIBUSB_SUCCESS', the error is converted to a -- 'USBException' and thrown. handleUSBException ∷ IO CInt → IO () handleUSBException action = do err ← action when (err ≢ c'LIBUSB_SUCCESS) (throwIO $ convertUSBException err) -- | @checkUSBException action@ executes @action@. If @action@ returned a -- negative integer the integer is converted to a 'USBException' and thrown. If -- not, the integer is returned. checkUSBException ∷ (Integral α, Show α) ⇒ IO α → IO Int checkUSBException action = do r ← action if r < 0 then throwIO $ convertUSBException r else return $ fromIntegral r -- | Convert a @C'libusb_error@ to a 'USBException'. If the @C'libusb_error@ is -- unknown an 'error' is thrown. convertUSBException ∷ (Num α, Eq α, Show α) ⇒ α → USBException convertUSBException err = fromMaybe unknownLibUsbError $ lookup err libusb_error_to_USBException where unknownLibUsbError = moduleError $ "Unknown libusb error code: " ++ show err ++ "!" -- | Association list mapping 'C'libusb_error's to 'USBException's. libusb_error_to_USBException ∷ Num α ⇒ [(α, USBException)] libusb_error_to_USBException = [ (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_IO, ioException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM, InvalidParamException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS, AccessException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE, NoDeviceException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND, NotFoundException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY, BusyException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT, TimeoutException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW, OverflowException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE, PipeException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_INTERRUPTED, InterruptedException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM, NoMemException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, NotSupportedException) , (c'LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER, OtherException) ] -- | Type of USB exceptions. data USBException = IOException String -- ^ Input/output exception. | InvalidParamException -- ^ Invalid parameter. | AccessException -- ^ Access denied (insufficient permissions). It may -- help to run your program with elevated privileges or -- change the permissions of your device using -- something like @udev@. | NoDeviceException -- ^ No such device (it may have been disconnected). | NotFoundException -- ^ Entity not found. | BusyException -- ^ Resource busy. | TimeoutException -- ^ Operation timed out. | OverflowException -- ^ If the device offered to much data. See -- in the @libusb@ documentation. -- | PipeException -- ^ Pipe exception. | InterruptedException -- ^ System call interrupted (perhaps due to signal). | NoMemException -- ^ Insufficient memory. | NotSupportedException -- ^ Operation not supported or unimplemented on this -- platform. | OtherException -- ^ Other exception. deriving (COMMON_INSTANCES) instance Exception USBException -- | A general 'IOException'. ioException ∷ USBException ioException = IOException "" -- | 'IOException' that is thrown when the number of bytes /read/ -- doesn't equal the requested number. incompleteReadException ∷ USBException incompleteReadException = incompleteException "read" -- | 'IOException' that is thrown when the number of bytes /written/ -- doesn't equal the requested number. incompleteWriteException ∷ USBException incompleteWriteException = incompleteException "written" incompleteException ∷ String → USBException incompleteException rw = IOException $ "The number of bytes " ++ rw ++ " doesn't equal the requested number!" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- moduleError ∷ String → error moduleError msg = error $ thisModule ++ ": " ++ msg thisModule ∷ String thisModule = "System.USB.Base" needThreadedRTSError ∷ String → error needThreadedRTSError msg = moduleError $ msg ++ " is only supported when using the threaded runtime. " ++ "Please build your program with -threaded."