This module provides functions to parse an XML document to a tree structure, either strictly or lazily.

The GenericXMLString type class allows you to use any string type. Three string types are provided for here: String, ByteString and Text.

Here is a complete example to get you started:

 -- | A "hello world" example of hexpat that lazily parses a document, printing
 -- it to standard out.

 import Text.XML.Expat.Tree
 import Text.XML.Expat.Format
 import System.Environment
 import System.Exit
 import System.IO
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L

 main = do
     args <- getArgs
     case args of
         [filename] -> process filename
         otherwise  -> do
             hPutStrLn stderr "Usage: helloworld <file.xml>"
             exitWith $ ExitFailure 1

 process :: String -> IO ()
 process filename = do
     inputText <- L.readFile filename
     -- Note: Because we're not using the tree, Haskell can't infer the type of
     -- strings we're using so we need to tell it explicitly with a type signature.
     let (xml, mErr) = parse defaultParserOptions inputText :: (UNode String, Maybe XMLParseError)
     -- Process document before handling error, so we get lazy processing.
     L.hPutStr stdout $ format xml
     putStrLn ""
     case mErr of
         Nothing -> return ()
         Just err -> do
             hPutStrLn stderr $ "XML parse failed: "++show err
             exitWith $ ExitFailure 2

Error handling in strict parses is very straight forward - just check the Either return value. Lazy parses are not so simple. Here are two working examples that illustrate the ways to handle errors. Here they are:

Way no. 1 - Using a Maybe value

 import Text.XML.Expat.Tree
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L
 import Data.ByteString.Internal (c2w)

 -- This is the recommended way to handle errors in lazy parses
 main = do
     let (tree, mError) = parse defaultParserOptions
                    (L.pack $ map c2w $ "<top><banana></apple></top>")
     print (tree :: UNode String)

     -- Note: We check the error _after_ we have finished our processing
     -- on the tree.
     case mError of
         Just err -> putStrLn $ "It failed : "++show err
         Nothing -> putStrLn "Success!"

Way no. 2 - Using exceptions

parseThrowing can throw an exception from pure code, which is generally a bad way to handle errors, because Haskell's lazy evaluation means it's hard to predict where it will be thrown from. However, it may be acceptable in situations where it's not expected during normal operation, depending on the design of your program.

 ...
 import Control.Exception.Extensible as E

 -- This is not the recommended way to handle errors.
 main = do
     do
         let tree = parseThrowing defaultParserOptions
                        (L.pack $ map c2w $ "<top><banana></apple></top>")
         print (tree :: UNode String)
         -- Because of lazy evaluation, you should not process the tree outside
         -- the 'do' block, or exceptions could be thrown that won't get caught.
     `E.catch` (\exc ->
         case E.fromException exc of
             Just (XMLParseException err) -> putStrLn $ "It failed : "++show err
             Nothing -> E.throwIO exc)

A pure tree representation that uses a list as its container type.

In the hexpat package, a list of nodes has the type [Node tag text], but note that you can also use the more general type function ListOf to give a list of any node type, using that node's associated list type, e.g. ListOf (UNode Text).

DEPRECATED: Use [Node tag text] instead.

Type alias for nodes.

DEPRECATED: Use [UNode text] instead.

Type alias for nodes with unqualified tag names where tag and text are the same string type. DEPRECATED.

DEPRECATED: Use [QNode text] instead.

Type alias for nodes where qualified names are used for tags

DEPRECATED: Use [NNode text] instead.

Type alias for nodes where namespaced names are used for tags.