%  Copyright (C) 2002-2003,2007 David Roundy
%
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\section{Patch relationships}

\begin{code}
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -cpp -fglasgow-exts #-}
#include "gadts.h"
module Darcs.Patch.Prim
       ( Prim(..), IsConflictedPrim(IsC), ConflictState(..), showPrim,
         DirPatchType(..), FilePatchType(..),
         CommuteFunction, Perhaps(..),
         null_patch, nullP, is_null_patch,
         is_identity,
         formatFileName, FileNameFormat(..),
         adddir, addfile, binary, changepref,
         hunk, move, rmdir, rmfile, tokreplace,
         is_addrmfile, is_addfile, is_hunk, is_binary, is_setpref,
         is_similar, is_adddir, is_addrmdir, is_filepatch,
         canonize, try_to_shrink, modernizePrim,
         subcommutes, sort_coalesceFL, join,
         applyBinary, try_tok_internal,
         try_shrinking_inverse,
         FromPrim(..), FromPrims(..), ToFromPrim(..),
         Conflict(..), Effect(..), commute_no_conflictsFL, commute_no_conflictsRL
       )
       where

import Prelude hiding ( pi )
import Control.Monad ( MonadPlus, msum, mzero, mplus )
import Data.Maybe ( isNothing )
#ifndef GADT_WITNESSES
import Data.Map ( toList, fromListWith, mapWithKey )
import Data.List ( foldl' )
#endif
import FastPackedString ( PackedString, lengthPS, dropPS,
                          packString, unpackPS, substrPS,
                          breakPS, concatPS,
                          takePS, fromPS2Hex, nullPS )
import FileName ( FileName, fn2ps, fn2fp, fp2fn, norm_path,
                  movedirfilename, encode_white )
import Darcs.Patch.Ordered
import Darcs.Sealed ( Sealed, unseal )
import Darcs.Patch.Patchy ( Invert(..), Commute(..) )
import Darcs.Patch.Permutations () -- for Invert instance of FL
import Darcs.SlurpDirectory ( FileContents )
import Darcs.Show
import Darcs.Utils ( nubsort )
import Lcs ( getChanges )
import RegChars ( regChars )
import Printer ( Doc, vcat, packedString, Color(Cyan,Magenta), lineColor,
                 text, userchunk, invisibleText, invisiblePS, blueText,
                 ($$), (<+>), (<>), prefix, userchunkPS,
               )
import GHC.Base (unsafeCoerce#)
#include "impossible.h"

data Prim C(x y) where
    Move :: !FileName -> !FileName -> Prim C(x y)
    DP :: !FileName -> !(DirPatchType C(x y)) -> Prim C(x y)
    FP :: !FileName -> !(FilePatchType C(x y)) -> Prim C(x y)
    Split :: FL Prim C(x y) -> Prim C(x y)
    Identity :: Prim C(x x)
    ChangePref :: !String -> !String -> !String -> Prim C(x y)

data FilePatchType C(x y) = RmFile | AddFile
                          | Hunk !Int [PackedString] [PackedString]
                          | TokReplace !String !String !String
                          | Binary PackedString PackedString
                            deriving (Eq,Ord)

data DirPatchType C(x y) = RmDir | AddDir
                           deriving (Eq,Ord)

instance MyEq FilePatchType where
    unsafeCompare a b = a == unsafeCoerce# b

instance MyEq DirPatchType where
    unsafeCompare a b = a == unsafeCoerce# b

null_patch :: Prim C(x x)
null_patch = Identity

is_null_patch :: Prim C(x y) -> Bool
is_null_patch (FP _ (Binary x y)) = nullPS x && nullPS y
is_null_patch (FP _ (Hunk _ [] [])) = True
is_null_patch Identity = True
is_null_patch _ = False

nullP :: Prim C(x y) -> EqCheck C(x y)
nullP = sloppyIdentity

is_identity :: Prim C(x y) -> EqCheck C(x y)
is_identity (FP _ (Binary old new)) | old == new = unsafeCoerce# IsEq
is_identity (FP _ (Hunk _ old new)) | old == new = unsafeCoerce# IsEq
is_identity (FP _ (TokReplace _ old new)) | old == new = unsafeCoerce# IsEq
is_identity (Move old new) | old == new = unsafeCoerce# IsEq
is_identity Identity = IsEq
is_identity _ = NotEq
\end{code}

%FIXME: The following code needs to be moved.  It is a function
%``is\_similar'' which tells you if two patches are in the same category
%human-wise.  Currently it just returns true if they are filepatches on the
%same file.

\begin{code}
is_similar :: Prim C(x y) -> Prim C(a b) -> Bool
is_similar (FP f _) (FP f' _) = f == f'
is_similar (DP f _) (DP f' _) = f == f'
is_similar _ _ = False

is_addfile :: Prim C(x y) -> Bool
is_addfile (FP _ AddFile) = True
is_addfile _ = False

is_adddir :: Prim C(x y) -> Bool
is_adddir (DP _ AddDir) = True
is_adddir _ = False

is_addrmfile :: Prim C(x y) -> Bool
is_addrmfile (FP _ AddFile) = True
is_addrmfile (FP _ RmFile) = True
is_addrmfile _ = False

is_addrmdir :: Prim C(x y) -> Bool
is_addrmdir (DP _ AddDir) = True
is_addrmdir (DP _ RmDir) = True
is_addrmdir _ = False

is_hunk :: Prim C(x y) -> Bool
is_hunk (FP _ (Hunk _ _ _)) = True
is_hunk _ = False

is_binary :: Prim C(x y) -> Bool
is_binary (FP _ (Binary _ _)) = True
is_binary _ = False

is_setpref :: Prim C(x y) -> Bool
is_setpref (ChangePref _ _ _) = True
is_setpref _ = False
\end{code}

\begin{code}
addfile :: FilePath -> Prim C(x y)
rmfile :: FilePath -> Prim C(x y)
adddir :: FilePath -> Prim C(x y)
rmdir :: FilePath -> Prim C(x y)
move :: FilePath -> FilePath -> Prim C(x y)
changepref :: String -> String -> String -> Prim C(x y)
hunk :: FilePath -> Int -> [PackedString] -> [PackedString] -> Prim C(x y)
tokreplace :: FilePath -> String -> String -> String -> Prim C(x y)
binary :: FilePath -> PackedString -> PackedString -> Prim C(x y)

evalargs :: (a -> b -> c) -> a -> b -> c
evalargs f x y = (f $! x) $! y

addfile f = FP (fp2fn $ n_fn f) AddFile
rmfile f = FP (fp2fn $ n_fn f) RmFile
adddir d = DP (fp2fn $ n_fn d) AddDir
rmdir d = DP (fp2fn $ n_fn d) RmDir
move f f' = Move (fp2fn $ n_fn f) (fp2fn $ n_fn f')
changepref p f t = ChangePref p f t
hunk f line old new = evalargs FP (fp2fn $ n_fn f) (Hunk line old new)
tokreplace f tokchars old new =
    evalargs FP (fp2fn $ n_fn f) (TokReplace tokchars old new)
binary f old new = FP (fp2fn $! n_fn f) $ Binary old new
\end{code}

\begin{code}
n_fn :: FilePath -> FilePath
n_fn f = "./"++(fn2fp $ norm_path $ fp2fn f)
\end{code}

The simplest relationship between two patches is that of ``sequential''
patches, which means that the context of the second patch (the one on the
left) consists of the first patch (on the right) plus the context of the
first patch.  The composition of two patches (which is also a patch) refers
to the patch which is formed by first applying one and then the other.  The
composition of two patches, $P_1$ and $P_2$ is represented as $P_2P_1$,
where $P_1$ is to be applied first, then $P_2$\footnote{This notation is
inspired by the notation of matrix multiplication or the application of
operators upon a Hilbert space.  In the algebra of patches, there is
multiplication (i.e.\ composition), which is associative but not
commutative, but no addition or subtraction.}

There is one other very useful relationship that two patches can have,
which is to be parallel patches, which means that the two patches have an
identical context (i.e.\ their representation applies to identical trees).
This is represented by $P_1\parallel P_2$.  Of course, two patches may also
have no simple relationship to one another.  In that case, if you want to
do something with them, you'll have to manipulate them with respect to
other patches until they are either in sequence or in parallel.

The most fundamental and simple property of patches is that they must be
invertible.  The inverse of a patch is described by: $P^{ -1}$.  In the
darcs implementation, the inverse is required to be computable from
knowledge of the patch only, without knowledge of its context, but that
(although convenient) is not required by the theory of patches.
\begin{dfn}
The inverse of patch $P$ is $P^{ -1}$, which is the ``simplest'' patch for
which the composition \( P^{ -1} P \) makes no changes to the tree.
\end{dfn}
Using this definition, it is trivial to prove the following theorem
relating to the inverse of a composition of two patches.
\begin{thm} The inverse of the composition of two patches is
\[ (P_2 P_1)^{ -1} = P_1^{ -1} P_2^{ -1}. \]
\end{thm}
Moreover, it is possible to show that the right inverse of a patch is equal
to its left inverse.  In this respect, patches continue to be analogous to
square matrices, and indeed the proofs relating to these properties of the
inverse are entirely analogous to the proofs in the case of matrix
multiplication.  The compositions proofs can also readily be extended to
the composition of more than two patches.
\begin{code}
instance Invert Prim where
    invert Identity = Identity
    invert (FP f RmFile)  = FP f AddFile
    invert (FP f AddFile)  = FP f RmFile
    invert (FP f (Hunk line old new))  = FP f $ Hunk line new old
    invert (FP f (TokReplace t o n)) = FP f $ TokReplace t n o
    invert (FP f (Binary o n)) = FP f $ Binary n o
    invert (DP d RmDir) = DP d AddDir
    invert (DP d AddDir) = DP d RmDir
    invert (Move f f') = Move f' f
    invert (ChangePref p f t) = ChangePref p t f
    invert (Split ps) = Split $ invert ps
    identity = Identity
    sloppyIdentity Identity = IsEq
    sloppyIdentity _ = NotEq

\end{code}

\begin{code}
instance Show (Prim C(x y)) where
    showsPrec d (Move fn1 fn2) = showParen (d > app_prec) $ showString "Move " .
                                 showsPrec (app_prec + 1) fn1 . showString " " .
                                 showsPrec (app_prec + 1) fn2
    showsPrec d (DP fn dp) = showParen (d > app_prec) $ showString "DP " .
                             showsPrec (app_prec + 1) fn . showString " " .
                             showsPrec (app_prec + 1) dp
    showsPrec d (FP fn fp) = showParen (d > app_prec) $ showString "FP " .
                             showsPrec (app_prec + 1) fn . showString " " .
                             showsPrec (app_prec + 1) fp
    showsPrec d (Split l) = showParen (d > app_prec) $ showString "Split " .
                            showsPrec (app_prec + 1) l
    showsPrec _ Identity = showString "Identity"
    showsPrec d (ChangePref p f t) = showParen (d > app_prec) $ showString "ChangePref " .
                                     showsPrec (app_prec + 1) p . showString " " .
                                     showsPrec (app_prec + 1) f . showString " " .
                                     showsPrec (app_prec + 1) t

instance Show2 Prim where
   showsPrec2 = showsPrec

instance Show (FilePatchType C(x y)) where
    showsPrec _ RmFile = showString "RmFile"
    showsPrec _ AddFile = showString "AddFile"
    showsPrec d (Hunk line old new) | all ((==1) . length . unpackPS) old && all ((==1) . length . unpackPS) new
        = showParen (d > app_prec) $ showString "Hunk " .
                                      showsPrec (app_prec + 1) line . showString " " .
                                      showsPrecC old . showString " " .
                                      showsPrecC new
       where showsPrecC [] = showString "[]"
             showsPrecC ss = showParen True $ showString "packStringLetters " . showsPrec (app_prec + 1) (map (head . unpackPS) ss)
    showsPrec d (Hunk line old new) = showParen (d > app_prec) $ showString "Hunk " .
                                      showsPrec (app_prec + 1) line . showString " " .
                                      showsPrec (app_prec + 1) old . showString " " .
                                      showsPrec (app_prec + 1) new
    showsPrec d (TokReplace t old new) = showParen (d > app_prec) $ showString "TokReplace " .
                                         showsPrec (app_prec + 1) t . showString " " .
                                         showsPrec (app_prec + 1) old . showString " " .
                                         showsPrec (app_prec + 1) new
    -- this case may not work usefully
    showsPrec d (Binary old new) = showParen (d > app_prec) $ showString "Binary " .
                                   showsPrec (app_prec + 1) old . showString " " .
                                   showsPrec (app_prec + 1) new

instance Show (DirPatchType C(x y)) where
    showsPrec _ RmDir = showString "RmDir"
    showsPrec _ AddDir = showString "AddDir"

{-
instance Show (Prim C(x y))  where
    show p = renderString (showPrim p) ++ "\n"
-}

data FileNameFormat = OldFormat | NewFormat
formatFileName :: FileNameFormat -> FileName -> Doc
formatFileName OldFormat = packedString . fn2ps
formatFileName NewFormat = text . encode_white . fn2fp

showPrim :: FileNameFormat -> Prim C(a b) -> Doc
showPrim x (FP f AddFile) = showAddFile x f
showPrim x (FP f RmFile)  = showRmFile x f
showPrim x (FP f (Hunk line old new))  = showHunk x f line old new
showPrim x (FP f (TokReplace t old new))  = showTok x f t old new
showPrim x (FP f (Binary old new))  = showBinary x f old new
showPrim x (DP d AddDir) = showAddDir x d
showPrim x (DP d RmDir)  = showRmDir x d
showPrim x (Move f f') = showMove x f f'
showPrim _ (ChangePref p f t) = showChangePref p f t
showPrim x (Split ps)  = showSplit x ps
showPrim _ Identity = blueText "{}"

\end{code}


\paragraph{Add file}
Add an empty file to the tree.

\verb!addfile filename!
\begin{code}
showAddFile :: FileNameFormat -> FileName -> Doc
showAddFile x f = blueText "addfile" <+> formatFileName x f
\end{code}

\paragraph{Remove file}
Delete a file from the tree.

\verb!rmfile filename!
\begin{code}
showRmFile :: FileNameFormat -> FileName -> Doc
showRmFile x f = blueText "rmfile" <+> formatFileName x f
\end{code}

\paragraph{Move}
Rename a file or directory.

\verb!move oldname newname!
\begin{code}
showMove :: FileNameFormat -> FileName -> FileName -> Doc
showMove x d d' = blueText "move" <+> formatFileName x d <+> formatFileName x d'
\end{code}

\paragraph{Change Pref}
Change one of the preference settings.  Darcs stores a number of simple
string settings.  Among these are the name of the test script and the name
of the script that must be called prior to packing in a make dist.
\begin{verbatim}
changepref prefname
oldval
newval
\end{verbatim}
\begin{code}
showChangePref :: String -> String -> String -> Doc
showChangePref p f t = blueText "changepref" <+> text p
                    $$ userchunk f
                    $$ userchunk t
\end{code}

\paragraph{Add dir}
Add an empty directory to the tree.

\verb!adddir filename!
\begin{code}
showAddDir :: FileNameFormat -> FileName -> Doc
showAddDir x d = blueText "adddir" <+> formatFileName x d
\end{code}

\paragraph{Remove dir}
Delete a directory from the tree.

\verb!rmdir filename!
\begin{code}
showRmDir :: FileNameFormat -> FileName -> Doc
showRmDir x d = blueText "rmdir" <+> formatFileName x d
\end{code}


\paragraph{Hunk}
Replace a hunk (set of contiguous lines) of text with a new
hunk.
\begin{verbatim}
hunk FILE LINE#
-LINE
...
+LINE
...
\end{verbatim}
\begin{code}
showHunk :: FileNameFormat -> FileName -> Int -> [PackedString] -> [PackedString] -> Doc
showHunk x f line old new =
           blueText "hunk" <+> formatFileName x f <+> text (show line)
        $$ lineColor Magenta (prefix "-" (vcat $ map userchunkPS old))
        $$ lineColor Cyan    (prefix "+" (vcat $ map userchunkPS new))
\end{code}

\paragraph{Token replace}

Replace a token with a new token.  Note that this format means that
whitespace must not be allowed within a token.  If you know of a practical
application of whitespace within a token, let me know and I may change
this.
\begin{verbatim}
replace FILENAME [REGEX] OLD NEW
\end{verbatim}
\begin{code}
showTok :: FileNameFormat -> FileName -> String -> String -> String -> Doc
showTok x f t o n = blueText "replace" <+> formatFileName x f
                                     <+> text "[" <> userchunk t <> text "]"
                                     <+> userchunk o
                                     <+> userchunk n
\end{code}

\paragraph{Binary file modification}

Modify a binary file
\begin{verbatim}
binary FILENAME
oldhex
*HEXHEXHEX
...
newhex
*HEXHEXHEX
...
\end{verbatim}
\begin{code}
showBinary :: FileNameFormat -> FileName -> PackedString -> PackedString -> Doc
showBinary x f o n =
    blueText "binary" <+> formatFileName x f
 $$ invisibleText "oldhex"
 $$ (vcat $ map makeprintable $ break_every 78 $ fromPS2Hex o)
 $$ invisibleText "newhex"
 $$ (vcat $ map makeprintable $ break_every 78 $ fromPS2Hex n)
     where makeprintable ps = invisibleText "*" <> invisiblePS ps

break_every :: Int -> PackedString -> [PackedString]
break_every n ps | lengthPS ps < n = [ps]
                 | otherwise = takePS n ps : break_every n (dropPS n ps)
\end{code}

\paragraph{Split patch [OBSOLETE!]}
A split patch is similar to a composite patch but rather than being
composed of several patches grouped together, it is created from one
patch that has been split apart, typically through a merge or
commutation.
\begin{verbatim}
(
  <put patches here> (indented two)
)
\end{verbatim}
\begin{code}
showSplit :: FileNameFormat -> FL Prim C(x y) -> Doc
showSplit x ps = blueText "("
            $$ vcat (mapFL (showPrim x) ps)
            $$ blueText ")"
\end{code}


\section{Commuting patches}

\subsection{Composite patches}

Composite patches are made up of a series of patches intended to be applied
sequentially.  They are represented by a list of patches, with the first
patch in the list being applied first.
\begin{code}
commute_split :: CommuteFunction
commute_split (Split patches :< patch) =
    toPerhaps $ do (p1 :< ps) <- cs (patches :< patch)
                   case sort_coalesceFL ps of
                            p :>: NilFL -> return (p1 :< p)
                            ps' -> return (p1 :< Split ps')
    where cs :: ((FL Prim) :< Prim) C(x y) -> Maybe ((Prim :< (FL Prim)) C(x y))
          cs (NilFL :< p1) = return (p1 :< NilFL)
          cs (p:>:ps :< p1) = do p1' :< p' <- commutex (p :< p1)
                                 p1'' :< ps' <- cs (ps :< p1')
                                 return (p1'' :< p':>:ps')
commute_split _ = Unknown
\end{code}

\begin{code}
try_to_shrink :: FL Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
try_to_shrink = mapPrimFL try_harder_to_shrink

mapPrimFL :: (FORALL(x y) FL Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y))
             -> FL Prim C(w z) -> FL Prim C(w z)
mapPrimFL f x =
#ifdef GADT_WITNESSES
                f x
#else 
     case mapM toSimple $ mapFL id x of
     Just sx -> foldl' (+>+) NilFL $ map snd $ toList $
                fmap f $ mapWithKey fromSimples $
                fromListWith (flip (+>+)) $
                map (\ (a,b) -> (a,b:>:NilFL)) sx
     Nothing -> f x

data Simple C(x y) = SFP !(FilePatchType C(x y)) | SDP !(DirPatchType C(x y))
                   deriving ( Show )

toSimple :: Prim C(x y) -> Maybe (FileName, Simple C(x y))
toSimple (FP a b) = Just (a, SFP b)
toSimple (DP a AddDir) = Just (a, SDP AddDir)
toSimple (DP _ RmDir) = Nothing -- ordering is trickier with rmdir present
toSimple (Move _ _) = Nothing
toSimple (Split _) = Nothing
toSimple Identity = Nothing
toSimple (ChangePref _ _ _) = Nothing

fromSimple :: FileName -> Simple C(x y) -> Prim C(x y)
fromSimple a (SFP b) = FP a b
fromSimple a (SDP b) = DP a b

fromSimples :: FileName -> FL Simple C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
fromSimples a bs = mapFL_FL (fromSimple a) bs
#endif

try_harder_to_shrink :: FL Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
try_harder_to_shrink x = try_to_shrink2 $ maybe x id (try_shrinking_inverse x)

try_to_shrink2 :: FL Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
try_to_shrink2 psold =
    let ps = sort_coalesceFL psold
        ps_shrunk = shrink_a_bit ps
                    in
    if lengthFL ps_shrunk < lengthFL ps
    then try_to_shrink2 ps_shrunk
    else ps_shrunk

try_shrinking_inverse :: FL Prim C(x y) -> Maybe (FL Prim C(x y))
try_shrinking_inverse (x:>:y:>:z)
    | IsEq <- invert x =\/= y = Just z
    | otherwise = case try_shrinking_inverse (y:>:z) of
                  Nothing -> Nothing
                  Just yz' -> Just $ case try_shrinking_inverse (x:>:yz') of
                                     Nothing -> x:>:yz'
                                     Just xyz' -> xyz'
try_shrinking_inverse _ = Nothing

shrink_a_bit :: FL Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
shrink_a_bit NilFL = NilFL
shrink_a_bit (p:>:ps) =
    case try_one NilRL p ps of
    Nothing -> p :>: shrink_a_bit ps
    Just ps' -> ps'

try_one :: RL Prim C(w x) -> Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(y z)
        -> Maybe (FL Prim C(w z))
try_one _ _ NilFL = Nothing
try_one sofar p (p1:>:ps) =
    case coalesce (p1 :< p) of
    Just p' -> Just (reverseRL sofar +>+ p':>:NilFL +>+ ps)
    Nothing -> case commutex (p1 :< p) of
               Nothing -> Nothing
               Just (p' :< p1') -> try_one (p1':<:sofar) p' ps

sort_coalesceFL :: FL Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
sort_coalesceFL = mapPrimFL sort_coalesceFL2

sort_coalesceFL2 :: FL Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
sort_coalesceFL2 NilFL = NilFL
sort_coalesceFL2 (x:>:xs) | IsEq <- nullP x = sort_coalesceFL2 xs
sort_coalesceFL2 (x:>:xs) | IsEq <- is_identity x = sort_coalesceFL2 xs
sort_coalesceFL2 (x:>:xs) = push_coalesce_patch x $ sort_coalesceFL2 xs

push_coalesce_patch :: Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(y z) -> FL Prim C(x z)
push_coalesce_patch new NilFL = new :>: NilFL
push_coalesce_patch new ps@(p:>:ps')
    = case coalesce (p :< new) of
      Just new' | IsEq <- nullP new' -> ps'
                | otherwise -> push_coalesce_patch new' ps'
      Nothing -> if comparePrim new p == LT then new:>:ps
                            else case commutex (p :< new) of
                                 Just (new' :< p') ->
                                     case push_coalesce_patch new' ps' of
                                     r | lengthFL r < 1 + lengthFL ps'
                                           -> push_coalesce_patch p' r
                                     r -> p' :>: r
                                 Nothing -> new:>:ps
\end{code}

\newcommand{\commutex}{\longleftrightarrow}
\newcommand{\commutes}{\longleftrightarrow}

The first way (of only two) to change the context of a patch is by
commutation, which is the process of changing the order of two sequential
patches.
\begin{dfn}
The commutation of patches $P_1$ and $P_2$ is represented by
\[ P_2 P_1 \commutes {P_1}' {P_2}'. \]
Here $P_1'$ is intended to describe the same change as $P_1$, with the
only difference being that $P_1'$ is applied after $P_2'$ rather than
before $P_2$.
\end{dfn}
The above definition is obviously rather vague, the reason being that what
is the ``same change'' has not been defined, and we simply assume (and
hope) that the code's view of what is the ``same change'' will match those
of its human users.  The `$\commutes$' operator should be read as something
like the $==$ operator in C, indicating that the right hand side performs
identical changes to the left hand side, but the two patches are in
reversed order.  When read in this manner, it is clear that commutation
must be a reversible process, and indeed this means that commutation
\emph{can} fail, and must fail in certain cases.  For example, the creation
and deletion of the same file cannot be commuted.  When two patches fail to
commutex, it is said that the second patch depends on the first, meaning
that it must have the first patch in its context (remembering that the
context of a patch is a set of patches, which is how we represent a tree).
\footnote{The fact that commutation can fail makes a huge difference in the
whole patch formalism.  It may be possible to create a formalism in which
commutation always succeeds, with the result of what would otherwise be a
commutation that fails being something like a virtual particle (which can
violate conservation of energy), and it may be that such a formalism would
allow strict mathematical proofs (whereas those used in the current
formalism are mostly only hand waving ``physicist'' proofs).  However, I'm
not sure how you'd deal with a request to delete a file that has not yet
been created, for example.  Obviously you'd need to create some kind of
antifile, which would annihilate with the file when that file finally got
created, but I'm not entirely sure how I'd go about doing this.
$\ddot\frown$ So I'm sticking with my hand waving formalism.}

%I should add that one using the inversion relationship of sequential
%patches, one can avoid having to provide redundant definitions of
%commutation.

% There is another interesting property which is that a commutex's results
% can't be affected by commuting another thingamabopper.

\begin{code}
is_in_directory :: FileName -> FileName -> Bool
is_in_directory d f = iid (fn2fp d) (fn2fp f)
    where iid (cd:cds) (cf:cfs)
              | cd /= cf = False
              | otherwise = iid cds cfs
          iid [] ('/':_) = True
          iid [] [] = True -- Count directory itself as being in directory...
          iid _ _ = False

data Perhaps a = Unknown | Failed | Succeeded a

instance  Monad Perhaps where
    (Succeeded x) >>= k =  k x
    Failed   >>= _      =  Failed
    Unknown  >>= _      =  Unknown
    Failed   >> _       =  Failed
    (Succeeded _) >> k  =  k
    Unknown  >> k       =  k
    return              =  Succeeded
    fail _              =  Unknown

instance  MonadPlus Perhaps where
    mzero                 = Unknown
    Unknown `mplus` ys    = ys
    Failed  `mplus` _     = Failed
    (Succeeded x) `mplus` _ = Succeeded x

toMaybe :: Perhaps a -> Maybe a
toMaybe (Succeeded x) = Just x
toMaybe _ = Nothing

toPerhaps :: Maybe a -> Perhaps a
toPerhaps (Just x) = Succeeded x
toPerhaps Nothing = Failed

clever_commute :: CommuteFunction -> CommuteFunction
clever_commute c (p1:<p2) =
    case c (p1 :< p2) of
    Succeeded x -> Succeeded x
    Failed -> Failed
    Unknown -> case c (invert p2 :< invert p1) of
               Succeeded (p1' :< p2') -> Succeeded (invert p2' :< invert p1')
               Failed -> Failed
               Unknown -> Unknown
--clever_commute c (p1,p2) = c (p1,p2) `mplus`
--    (case c (invert p2,invert p1) of
--     Succeeded (p1', p2') -> Succeeded (invert p2', invert p1')
--     Failed -> Failed
--     Unknown -> Unknown)

speedy_commute :: CommuteFunction
speedy_commute (p1 :< p2) -- Deal with common case quickly!
    | p1_modifies /= Nothing && p2_modifies /= Nothing &&
      p1_modifies /= p2_modifies = Succeeded (unsafeCoerce# p2 :< unsafeCoerce# p1)
    | otherwise = Unknown
    where p1_modifies = is_filepatch p1
          p2_modifies = is_filepatch p2

everything_else_commute :: CommuteFunction
everything_else_commute x = eec x
    where
    eec :: CommuteFunction
    eec (ChangePref p f t :<p1) = Succeeded (unsafeCoerce# p1 :< ChangePref p f t)
    eec (p2 :<ChangePref p f t) = Succeeded (ChangePref p f t :< unsafeCoerce# p2)
    eec (Identity :< p1) = Succeeded (p1 :< Identity)
    eec (p2 :< Identity) = Succeeded (Identity :< p2)
    eec xx =
        msum [
              clever_commute commute_filedir                xx
             ,clever_commute commute_split                  xx
             ]

{-
Note that it must be true that

commutex (A^-1 A, P) = Just (P, A'^-1 A')

and

if commutex (A, B) == Just (B', A')
then commutex (B^-1, A^-1) == Just (A'^-1, B'^-1)
-}

instance Commute Prim where
    merge (y :\/: z) =
        case elegant_merge (y:\/:z) of
        Just (z' :/\: y') -> z' :/\: y'
        Nothing -> error "Commute Prim merge"
    commutex x = toMaybe $ msum [speedy_commute x,
                                 everything_else_commute x
                                ]
    -- Recurse on everything, these are potentially spoofed patches
    list_touched_files (Move f1 f2) = map fn2fp [f1, f2]
    list_touched_files (Split ps) = nubsort $ concat $ mapFL list_touched_files ps
    list_touched_files (FP f _) = [fn2fp f]
    list_touched_files (DP d _) = [fn2fp d]
    list_touched_files (ChangePref _ _ _) = []
    list_touched_files Identity = []

is_filepatch :: Prim C(x y) -> Maybe FileName
is_filepatch (FP f _) = Just f
is_filepatch _ = Nothing
\end{code}

\begin{code}
is_superdir :: FileName -> FileName -> Bool
is_superdir d1 d2 = isd (fn2fp d1) (fn2fp d2)
    where isd s1 s2 =
              length s2 >= length s1 + 1 && take (length s1 + 1) s2 == s1 ++ "/"

commute_filedir :: CommuteFunction
commute_filedir (FP f1 p1 :< FP f2 p2) =
  if f1 /= f2 then Succeeded ( FP f2 (unsafeCoerce# p2) :< FP f1 (unsafeCoerce# p1) )
  else commuteFP f1 (p1 :< p2)
commute_filedir (DP d1 p1 :< DP d2 p2) =
  if (not $ is_in_directory d1 d2) && (not $ is_in_directory d2 d1) &&
     d1 /= d2
  then Succeeded ( DP d2 (unsafeCoerce# p2) :< DP d1 (unsafeCoerce# p1) )
  else Failed
commute_filedir (DP d dp :< FP f fp) =
    if not $ is_in_directory d f
    then Succeeded (FP f (unsafeCoerce# fp) :< DP d (unsafeCoerce# dp))
    else Failed

commute_filedir (Move d d' :< FP f2 p2)
    | f2 == d' = Failed
    | (p2 == AddFile || p2 == RmFile) && d == f2 = Failed
    | otherwise = Succeeded (FP (movedirfilename d d' f2) (unsafeCoerce# p2) :< Move d d')
commute_filedir (Move d d' :< DP d2 p2)
    | is_superdir d2 d' || is_superdir d2 d = Failed
    | (p2 == AddDir || p2 == RmDir) && d == d2 = Failed
    | d2 == d' = Failed
    | otherwise = Succeeded (DP (movedirfilename d d' d2) (unsafeCoerce# p2) :< Move d d')
commute_filedir (Move d d' :< Move f f')
    | f == d' || f' == d = Failed
    | f == d || f' == d' = Failed
    | d `is_superdir` f && f' `is_superdir` d' = Failed
    | otherwise =
        Succeeded (Move (movedirfilename d d' f) (movedirfilename d d' f') :<
                   Move (movedirfilename f' f d) (movedirfilename f' f d'))

commute_filedir _ = Unknown
\end{code}

\begin{code}
type CommuteFunction = FORALL(x y) (Prim :< Prim) C(x y) -> Perhaps ((Prim :< Prim) C(x y))
subcommutes :: [(String, CommuteFunction)]
subcommutes =
    [("speedy_commute", speedy_commute),
     ("commute_filedir", clever_commute commute_filedir),
     ("commute_filepatches", clever_commute commute_filepatches),
     ("commutex", toPerhaps . commutex)
    ]
\end{code}

\paragraph{Merge}
\newcommand{\merge}{\Longrightarrow}
The second way one can change the context of a patch is by a {\bf merge}
operation.  A merge is an operation that takes two parallel patches and
gives a pair of sequential patches.  The merge operation is represented by
the arrow ``\( \merge \)''.
\begin{dfn}\label{merge_dfn}
The result of a merge of two patches, $P_1$ and $P_2$ is one of two patches,
$P_1'$ and $P_2'$, which satisfy the relationship:
\[  P_2 \parallel P_1 \merge {P_2}' P_1 \commutex {P_1}' P_2. \]
\end{dfn}
Note that the sequential patches resulting from a merge are \emph{required}
to commutex.  This is an important consideration, as without it most of the
manipulations we would like to perform would not be possible.  The other
important fact is that a merge \emph{cannot fail}.  Naively, those two
requirements seem contradictory.  In reality, what it means is that the
result of a merge may be a patch which is much more complex than any we
have yet considered\footnote{Alas, I don't know how to prove that the two
constraints even \emph{can} be satisfied.  The best I have been able to do
is to believe that they can be satisfied, and to be unable to find an case
in which my implementation fails to satisfy them.  These two requirements
are the foundation of the entire theory of patches (have you been counting
how many foundations it has?).}.

\subsection{How merges are actually performed}

The constraint that any two compatible patches (patches which can
successfully be applied to the same tree) can be merged is actually quite
difficult to apply.  The above merge constraints also imply that the result
of a series of merges must be independent of the order of the merges.  So
I'm putting a whole section here for the interested to see what algorithms
I use to actually perform the merges (as this is pretty close to being the
most difficult part of the code).

The first case is that in which the two merges don't actually conflict, but
don't trivially merge either (e.g.\ hunk patches on the same file, where the
line number has to be shifted as they are merged).  This kind of merge can
actually be very elegantly dealt with using only commutation and inversion.

There is a handy little theorem which is immensely useful when trying to
merge two patches.
\begin{thm}\label{merge_thm}
$ P_2' P_1 \commutex P_1' P_2 $ if and only if $ P_1'^{ -1}
P_2' \commutex P_2 P_1^{ -1} $, provided both commutations succeed.  If
either commutex fails, this theorem does not apply.
\end{thm}
This can easily be proven by multiplying both sides of the first
commutation by $P_1'^{ -1}$ on the left, and by $P_1^{ -1}$ on the right.

\begin{code}

elegant_merge :: (Prim :\/: Prim) C(x y)
              -> Maybe ((Prim :/\: Prim) C(x y))
elegant_merge (p1 :\/: p2) =
    do p1':>ip2' <- commute (invert p2 :> p1)
       -- The following should be a redundant check
       p1o:>_ <- commute (p2 :> p1')
       IsEq <- return $ p1o =\/= p1
       return (invert ip2' :/\: p1')
\end{code}

It can sometimes be handy to have a canonical representation of a given
patch.  We achieve this by defining a canonical form for each patch type,
and a function ``{\tt canonize}'' which takes a patch and puts it into
canonical form.  This routine is used by the diff function to create an
optimal patch (based on an LCS algorithm) from a simple hunk describing the
old and new version of a file.
\begin{code}
canonize :: Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
canonize (Split ps) = sort_coalesceFL ps
canonize p | IsEq <- is_identity p = NilFL
canonize (FP f (Hunk line old new)) = canonizeHunk f line old new
canonize p = p :>: NilFL
\end{code}

A simpler, faster (and more generally useful) cousin of canonize is the
coalescing function.  This takes two sequential patches, and tries to turn
them into one patch.  This function is used to deal with ``split'' patches,
which are created when the commutation of a primitive patch can only be
represented by a composite patch.  In this case the resulting composite
patch must return to the original primitive patch when the commutation is
reversed, which a split patch accomplishes by trying to coalesce its
contents each time it is commuted.

\begin{code}
coalesce :: (Prim :< Prim) C(x y) -> Maybe (Prim C(x y))
coalesce (FP f1 _ :< FP f2 _) | f1 /= f2 = Nothing
coalesce (p2 :< p1) | IsEq <- p2 =\/= invert p1 = Just null_patch
coalesce (FP f1 p1 :< FP _ p2) = coalesceFilePrim f1 (p1 :< p2) -- f1 = f2
coalesce (Identity :< p) = Just p
coalesce (p :< Identity) = Just p
coalesce (Split NilFL :< p) = Just p
coalesce (p :< Split NilFL) = Just p
coalesce (Move a b :< Move b' a') | a == a' = Just $ Move b' b
coalesce (Move a b :< FP f AddFile) | f == a = Just $ FP b AddFile
coalesce (FP f RmFile :< Move a b) | b == f = Just $ FP a RmFile
coalesce (ChangePref p f1 t1 :< ChangePref p2 f2 t2) | p == p2 && t2 == f1 = Just $ ChangePref p f2 t1
coalesce _ = Nothing

join :: (Prim :> Prim) C(x y) -> Maybe (Prim C(x y))
join (x :> y) = coalesce (y :< x)
\end{code}

\subsection{File patches}

A file patch is a patch which only modifies a single
file.  There are some rules which can be made about file patches in
general, which makes them a handy class.
For example, commutation of two filepatches is trivial if they modify
different files.  If they happen to
modify the same file, we'll have to check whether or not they commutex.
\begin{code}
commute_filepatches :: CommuteFunction
commute_filepatches (FP f1 p1 :< FP f2 p2) | f1 == f2 = commuteFP f1 (p1 :< p2)
commute_filepatches _ = Unknown

commuteFP :: FileName -> (FilePatchType :< FilePatchType) C(x y)
          -> Perhaps ((Prim :< Prim) C(x y))
commuteFP f (Hunk line1 [] [] :< p2) =
    seq f $ Succeeded (FP f (unsafeCoerceP p2) :< FP f (Hunk line1 [] []))
commuteFP f (p2 :< Hunk line1 [] []) =
    seq f $ Succeeded (FP f (Hunk line1 [] []) :< FP f (unsafeCoerceP p2))
commuteFP f (Hunk line1 old1 new1 :< Hunk line2 old2 new2) = seq f $
  toPerhaps $ commuteHunk f (Hunk line1 old1 new1 :< Hunk line2 old2 new2)
commuteFP f (TokReplace t o n :< Hunk line2 old2 new2) = seq f $
    case try_tok_replace t o n old2 of
    Nothing -> Failed
    Just old2' ->
      case try_tok_replace t o n new2 of
      Nothing -> Failed
      Just new2' -> Succeeded (FP f (Hunk line2 old2' new2') :<
                               FP f (TokReplace t o n))
commuteFP f (TokReplace t o n :< TokReplace t2 o2 n2)
    | seq f $ t /= t2 = Failed
    | o == o2 = Failed
    | n == o2 = Failed
    | o == n2 = Failed
    | n == n2 = Failed
    | otherwise = Succeeded (FP f (TokReplace t2 o2 n2) :<
                             FP f (TokReplace t o n))
commuteFP _ _ = Unknown
\end{code}

\begin{code}
coalesceFilePrim :: FileName -> (FilePatchType :< FilePatchType) C(x y)
                  -> Maybe (Prim C(x y))
coalesceFilePrim f (Hunk line1 old1 new1 :< Hunk line2 old2 new2)
    = coalesceHunk f line1 old1 new1 line2 old2 new2
-- Token replace patches operating right after (or before) AddFile (RmFile)
-- is an identity patch, as far as coalescing is concerned.
coalesceFilePrim f (TokReplace _ _ _ :< AddFile) = Just $ FP f AddFile
coalesceFilePrim f (RmFile :< TokReplace _ _ _) = Just $ FP f RmFile
coalesceFilePrim f (TokReplace t1 o1 n1 :< TokReplace t2 o2 n2)
    | t1 == t2 && n2 == o1 = Just $ FP f $ TokReplace t1 o2 n1
coalesceFilePrim f (Binary m n :< Binary o m')
    | m == m' = Just $ FP f $ Binary o n
coalesceFilePrim _ _ = Nothing
\end{code}

\subsection{Hunks}

The hunk is the simplest patch that has a commuting pattern in which the
commuted patches differ from the originals (rather than simple success or
failure).  This makes commuting or merging two hunks a tad tedious.
\begin{code}
commuteHunk :: FileName -> (FilePatchType :< FilePatchType) C(x y)
            -> Maybe ((Prim :< Prim) C(x y))
commuteHunk f (Hunk line2 old2 new2 :< Hunk line1 old1 new1)
  | seq f $ line1 + lengthnew1 < line2 =
      Just (FP f (Hunk line1 old1 new1) :<
            FP f (Hunk (line2 - lengthnew1 + lengthold1) old2 new2))
  | line2 + lengthold2 < line1 =
      Just (FP f (Hunk (line1+ lengthnew2 - lengthold2) old1 new1) :<
            FP f (Hunk line2 old2 new2))
  | line1 + lengthnew1 == line2 &&
    lengthold2 /= 0 && lengthold1 /= 0 && lengthnew2 /= 0 && lengthnew1 /= 0 =
      Just (FP f (Hunk line1 old1 new1) :<
            FP f (Hunk (line2 - lengthnew1 + lengthold1) old2 new2))
  | line2 + lengthold2 == line1 &&
    lengthold2 /= 0 && lengthold1 /= 0 && lengthnew2 /= 0 && lengthnew1 /= 0 =
      Just (FP f (Hunk (line1 + lengthnew2 - lengthold2) old1 new1) :<
            FP f (Hunk line2 old2 new2))
  | otherwise = seq f Nothing
  where lengthnew1 = length new1
        lengthnew2 = length new2
        lengthold1 = length old1
        lengthold2 = length old2
commuteHunk _ _ = impossible
\end{code}
Hunks, of course, can be coalesced if they have any overlap.  Note that
coalesce code doesn't check if the two patches are conflicting.  If you are
coalescing two conflicting hunks, you've already got a bug somewhere.

\begin{code}
coalesceHunk :: FileName
             -> Int -> [PackedString] -> [PackedString]
             -> Int -> [PackedString] -> [PackedString]
             -> Maybe (Prim C(x y))
coalesceHunk f line1 old1 new1 line2 old2 new2
    | line1 == line2 && lengthold1 < lengthnew2 =
        if take lengthold1 new2 /= old1
        then Nothing
        else case drop lengthold1 new2 of
        extranew -> Just (FP f (Hunk line1 old2 (new1 ++ extranew)))
    | line1 == line2 && lengthold1 > lengthnew2 =
        if take lengthnew2 old1 /= new2
        then Nothing
        else case drop lengthnew2 old1 of
        extraold -> Just (FP f (Hunk line1 (old2 ++ extraold) new1))
    | line1 == line2 = if new2 == old1 then Just (FP f (Hunk line1 old2 new1))
                       else Nothing
    | line1 < line2 && lengthold1 >= line2 - line1 =
        case take (line2 - line1) old1 of
        extra-> coalesceHunk f line1 old1 new1 line1 (extra ++ old2) (extra ++ new2)
    | line1 > line2 && lengthnew2 >= line1 - line2 =
        case take (line1 - line2) new2 of
        extra-> coalesceHunk f line2 (extra ++ old1) (extra ++ new1) line2 old2 new2
    | otherwise = Nothing
    where lengthold1 = length old1
          lengthnew2 = length new2
\end{code}

One of the most important pieces of code is the canonization of a hunk,
which is where the ``diff'' algorithm is performed.  This algorithm begins
with chopping off the identical beginnings and endings of the old and new
hunks.  This isn't strictly necessary, but is a good idea, since this
process is $O(n)$, while the primary diff algorithm is something
considerably more painful than that\ldots\ actually the head would be dealt
with all right, but with more space complexity.  I think it's more
efficient to just chop the head and tail off first.

\begin{code}
canonizeHunk :: FileName -> Int
             -> [PackedString] -> [PackedString] -> FL Prim C(x y)
canonizeHunk f line old new
    | null old || null new
        = FP f (Hunk line old new) :>: NilFL
canonizeHunk f line old new = make_holey f line $ getChanges old new

make_holey :: FileName -> Int -> [(Int,[PackedString], [PackedString])]
           -> FL Prim C(x y)
make_holey f line changes =
    unsafeMap_l2f (\ (l,o,n) -> FP f (Hunk (l+line) o n)) changes
        
applyBinary :: PackedString -> PackedString
            -> FileContents -> Maybe FileContents
applyBinary o n c | c == o = Just n
applyBinary _ _ _ = Nothing
\end{code}

\begin{code}
try_tok_replace :: String -> String -> String
                -> [PackedString] -> Maybe [PackedString]
try_tok_replace t o n mss =
  mapM (fmap concatPS . try_tok_internal t (packString o) (packString n)) mss


try_tok_internal :: String -> PackedString -> PackedString
                 -> PackedString -> Maybe [PackedString]
try_tok_internal _ o n s | isNothing (substrPS o s) &&
                           isNothing (substrPS n s) = Just [s]
try_tok_internal t o n s =
    case breakPS (regChars t) s of
    (before,s') ->
        case breakPS (not . regChars t) s' of
        (tok,after) ->
            case try_tok_internal t o n after of
            Nothing -> Nothing
            Just rest ->
                if tok == o
                then Just $ before : n : rest
                else if tok == n
                     then Nothing
                     else Just $ before : tok : rest
\end{code}

\begin{code}
modernizePrim :: Prim C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
modernizePrim (Split ps) = concatFL $ mapFL_FL modernizePrim ps
modernizePrim p = p :>: NilFL
\end{code}

\begin{code}
instance MyEq Prim where
    unsafeCompare (Move a b) (Move c d) = a == c && b == d
    unsafeCompare (DP d1 p1) (DP d2 p2)
        = d1 == d2 && p1 `unsafeCompare` p2 
    unsafeCompare (FP f1 fp1) (FP f2 fp2)
        = f1 == f2 && fp1 `unsafeCompare` fp2
    unsafeCompare (Split ps1) (Split ps2)
        = eq_FL unsafeCompare ps1 ps2
    unsafeCompare (ChangePref a1 b1 c1) (ChangePref a2 b2 c2)
        = c1 == c2 && b1 == b2 && a1 == a2
    unsafeCompare Identity Identity = True
    unsafeCompare _ _ = False

merge_orders :: Ordering -> Ordering -> Ordering
merge_orders EQ x = x
merge_orders LT _ = LT
merge_orders GT _ = GT

comparePrim :: Prim C(x y) -> Prim C(w z) -> Ordering
comparePrim (Move a b) (Move c d) = compare (a, b) (c, d)
comparePrim (Move _ _) _ = LT
comparePrim _ (Move _ _) = GT
comparePrim (DP d1 p1) (DP d2 p2) = compare (d1, p1) $ unsafeCoerceP (d2, p2)
comparePrim (DP _ _) _ = LT
comparePrim _ (DP _ _) = GT
comparePrim (FP f1 fp1) (FP f2 fp2) = compare (f1, fp1) $ unsafeCoerceP (f2, fp2)
comparePrim (FP _ _) _ = LT
comparePrim _ (FP _ _) = GT
comparePrim (Split ps1) (Split ps2) = compare_FL comparePrim ps1 $ unsafeCoerceP ps2
comparePrim (Split _) _ = LT
comparePrim _ (Split _) = GT
comparePrim Identity Identity = EQ
comparePrim Identity _ = LT
comparePrim _ Identity = GT
comparePrim (ChangePref a1 b1 c1) (ChangePref a2 b2 c2)
 = compare (c1, b1, a1) (c2, b2, a2)

eq_FL :: (FORALL(b c d e) a C(b c) -> a C(d e) -> Bool)
      -> FL a C(x y) -> FL a C(w z) -> Bool
eq_FL _ NilFL NilFL = True
eq_FL f (x:>:xs) (y:>:ys) = f x y && eq_FL f xs ys
eq_FL _ _ _ = False

compare_FL :: (FORALL(b c d e) a C(b c) -> a C(d e) -> Ordering)
           -> FL a C(x y) -> FL a C(w z) -> Ordering
compare_FL _ NilFL NilFL = EQ
compare_FL _ NilFL _     = LT
compare_FL _ _     NilFL = GT
compare_FL f (x:>:xs) (y:>:ys) = f x y `merge_orders` compare_FL f xs ys
                                   
\end{code}

\begin{code}

class FromPrim p where
   fromPrim :: Prim C(x y) -> p C(x y)

class FromPrim p => ToFromPrim p where
    toPrim :: p C(x y) -> Maybe (Prim C(x y))

class FromPrims p where
    fromPrims :: FL Prim C(x y) -> p C(x y)
    joinPatches :: FL p C(x y) -> p C(x y)

instance FromPrim Prim where
    fromPrim = id
instance ToFromPrim Prim where
    toPrim = Just . id

instance FromPrim p => FromPrims (FL p) where
    fromPrims = mapFL_FL fromPrim
    joinPatches = concatFL
instance FromPrim p => FromPrims (RL p) where
    fromPrims = reverseFL . mapFL_FL fromPrim
    joinPatches = concatRL . reverseFL

class (Invert p, Commute p, Effect p) => Conflict p where
    list_conflicted_files :: p C(x y) -> [FilePath]
    list_conflicted_files p =
        nubsort $ concatMap (unseal list_touched_files) $ concat $ resolve_conflicts p
    resolve_conflicts :: p C(x y) -> [[Sealed (FL Prim C(y))]]
    resolve_conflicts _ = []
    commute_no_conflicts :: (p :> p) C(x y) -> Maybe ((p :> p) C(x y))
    commute_no_conflicts (x:>y) =
        do y':>x' <- commute (x:>y)
           y'':>ix'' <- commute (invert x :> y')
           IsEq <- return $ y'' =\/= y
           IsEq <- return $ ix'' =\/= invert x'
           return (y':>x')
    conflictedEffect :: p C(x y) -> [IsConflictedPrim]
    conflictedEffect x = case list_conflicted_files x of
                         [] -> mapFL (IsC Okay) $ effect x
                         _ -> mapFL (IsC Conflicted) $ effect x

instance Conflict p => Conflict (FL p) where
    list_conflicted_files = nubsort . concat . mapFL list_conflicted_files
    resolve_conflicts NilFL = []
    resolve_conflicts x = resolve_conflicts $ reverseFL x
    commute_no_conflicts (NilFL :> x) = Just (x :> NilFL)
    commute_no_conflicts (x :> NilFL) = Just (NilFL :> x)
    commute_no_conflicts (xs :> ys) = do ys' :> rxs' <- commute_no_conflictsRLFL (reverseFL xs :> ys)
                                         return $ ys' :> reverseRL rxs'
    conflictedEffect = concat . mapFL conflictedEffect

instance Conflict p => Conflict (RL p) where
    list_conflicted_files = nubsort . concat . mapRL list_conflicted_files
    resolve_conflicts x = rcs x NilFL
        where rcs :: RL p C(x y) -> FL p C(y w) -> [[Sealed (FL Prim C(w))]]
              rcs NilRL _ = []
              rcs (p:<:ps) passedby | (_:_) <- resolve_conflicts p =
                  case commute_no_conflictsFL (p:>passedby) of
                    Just (_:> p') -> resolve_conflicts p' ++ rcs ps (p:>:passedby)
                    Nothing -> rcs ps (p:>:passedby)
              rcs (p:<:ps) passedby = seq passedby $ rcs ps (p:>:passedby)
    commute_no_conflicts (NilRL :> x) = Just (x :> NilRL)
    commute_no_conflicts (x :> NilRL) = Just (NilRL :> x)
    commute_no_conflicts (xs :> ys) = do ys' :> rxs' <- commute_no_conflictsRLFL (xs :> reverseRL ys)
                                         return $ reverseFL ys' :> rxs'
    conflictedEffect = concat . reverse . mapRL conflictedEffect

data IsConflictedPrim where
    IsC :: !ConflictState -> !(Prim C(x y)) -> IsConflictedPrim
data ConflictState = Okay | Conflicted | Duplicated deriving ( Eq, Ord, Show, Read)

class Effect p where
    effect :: p C(x y) -> FL Prim C(x y)
    effect = reverseRL . effectRL
    effectRL :: p C(x y) -> RL Prim C(x y)
    effectRL = reverseFL . effect
    isHunk :: p C(x y) -> Maybe (Prim C(x y))
    isHunk _ = Nothing

instance Effect Prim where
    effect p | IsEq <- sloppyIdentity p = NilFL
             | otherwise = p :>: NilFL
    effectRL p | IsEq <- sloppyIdentity p = NilRL
               | otherwise = p :<: NilRL
    isHunk p = if is_hunk p then Just p else Nothing

instance Conflict Prim

instance Effect p => Effect (FL p) where
    effect p = concatFL $ mapFL_FL effect p
    effectRL p = concatRL $ mapRL_RL effectRL $ reverseFL p

instance Effect p => Effect (RL p) where
    effect p = concatFL $ mapFL_FL effect $ reverseRL p
    effectRL p = concatRL $ mapRL_RL effectRL p

commute_no_conflictsFL :: Conflict p => (p :> FL p) C(x y) -> Maybe ((FL p :> p) C(x y))
commute_no_conflictsFL (p :> NilFL) = Just (NilFL :> p)
commute_no_conflictsFL (q :> p :>: ps) = do p' :> q' <- commute_no_conflicts (q :> p)
                                            ps' :> q'' <- commute_no_conflictsFL (q' :> ps)
                                            return (p' :>: ps' :> q'')

commute_no_conflictsRL :: Conflict p => (RL p :> p) C(x y) -> Maybe ((p :> RL p) C(x y))
commute_no_conflictsRL (NilRL :> p) = Just (p :> NilRL)
commute_no_conflictsRL (p :<: ps :> q) = do q' :> p' <- commute_no_conflicts (p :> q)
                                            q'' :> ps' <- commute_no_conflictsRL (ps :> q')
                                            return (q'' :> p' :<: ps')

commute_no_conflictsRLFL :: Conflict p => (RL p :> FL p) C(x y) -> Maybe ((FL p :> RL p) C(x y))
commute_no_conflictsRLFL (NilRL :> ys) = Just (ys :> NilRL)
commute_no_conflictsRLFL (xs :> NilFL) = Just (NilFL :> xs)
commute_no_conflictsRLFL (xs :> y :>: ys) = do y' :> xs' <- commute_no_conflictsRL (xs :> y)
                                               ys' :> xs'' <- commute_no_conflictsRLFL (xs' :> ys)
                                               return (y' :>: ys' :> xs'')

\end{code}