nWfg      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdef(c) Neil Mitchell 2005-2014BSD3ndmitchell@gmail.comstableportableSafe8g*Is the operating system Unix or Linux likeh$Is the operating system Windows likedThe character that separates directories. In the case where more than one character is possible,  is the 'ideal' one. [Windows: pathSeparator == '\\' Posix: pathSeparator == '/' isPathSeparator pathSeparator$The list of all possible separators. kWindows: pathSeparators == ['\\', '/'] Posix: pathSeparators == ['/'] pathSeparator `elem` pathSeparatorsRather than using (== )5, use this. Test if something is a path separator. .isPathSeparator a == (a `elem` pathSeparators)UThe character that is used to separate the entries in the $PATH environment variable. GWindows: searchPathSeparator == ';' Posix: searchPathSeparator == ':'"Is the character a file separator? 5isSearchPathSeparator a == (a == searchPathSeparator)File extension character extSeparator == '.'(Is the character an extension character? 'isExtSeparator a == (a == extSeparator)Take a string, split it on the D character. Blank items are ignored on Windows, and converted to .> on Posix. On Windows path elements are stripped of quotes."Follows the recommendations in Fhttp://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap08.html }Posix: splitSearchPath "File1:File2:File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"] Posix: splitSearchPath "File1::File2:File3" == ["File1",".","File2","File3"] Windows: splitSearchPath "File1;File2;File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"] Windows: splitSearchPath "File1;;File2;File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"] Windows: splitSearchPath "File1;\"File2\";File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"] Get a list of s in the $PATH variable. Split on the extension.  is the inverse. $splitExtension "/directory/path.ext" == ("/directory/path",".ext") uncurry (++) (splitExtension x) == x Valid x => uncurry addExtension (splitExtension x) == x splitExtension "file.txt" == ("file",".txt") splitExtension "file" == ("file","") splitExtension "file/file.txt" == ("file/file",".txt") splitExtension "file.txt/boris" == ("file.txt/boris","") splitExtension "file.txt/boris.ext" == ("file.txt/boris",".ext") splitExtension "file/path.txt.bob.fred" == ("file/path.txt.bob",".fred") splitExtension "file/path.txt/" == ("file/path.txt/","") %Get the extension of a file, returns "" for no extension, .ext otherwise. takeExtension "/directory/path.ext" == ".ext" takeExtension x == snd (splitExtension x) Valid x => takeExtension (addExtension x "ext") == ".ext" Valid x => takeExtension (replaceExtension x "ext") == ".ext" <Remove the current extension and add another, equivalent to  . "/directory/path.txt" -<.> "ext" == "/directory/path.ext" "/directory/path.txt" -<.> ".ext" == "/directory/path.ext" "foo.o" -<.> "c" == "foo.c" OSet the extension of a file, overwriting one if already present, equivalent to  . replaceExtension "/directory/path.txt" "ext" == "/directory/path.ext" replaceExtension "/directory/path.txt" ".ext" == "/directory/path.ext" replaceExtension "file.txt" ".bob" == "file.bob" replaceExtension "file.txt" "bob" == "file.bob" replaceExtension "file" ".bob" == "file.bob" replaceExtension "file.txt" "" == "file" replaceExtension "file.fred.bob" "txt" == "file.fred.txt" replaceExtension x y == addExtension (dropExtension x) yDAdd an extension, even if there is already one there, equivalent to . j"/directory/path" <.> "ext" == "/directory/path.ext" "/directory/path" <.> ".ext" == "/directory/path.ext"0Remove last extension, and the "." preceding it. bdropExtension "/directory/path.ext" == "/directory/path" dropExtension x == fst (splitExtension x)DAdd an extension, even if there is already one there, equivalent to . addExtension "/directory/path" "ext" == "/directory/path.ext" addExtension "file.txt" "bib" == "file.txt.bib" addExtension "file." ".bib" == "file..bib" addExtension "file" ".bib" == "file.bib" addExtension "/" "x" == "/.x" addExtension x "" == x Valid x => takeFileName (addExtension (addTrailingPathSeparator x) "ext") == ".ext" Windows: addExtension "\\\\share" ".txt" == "\\\\share\\.txt"*Does the given filename have an extension? hasExtension "/directory/path.ext" == True hasExtension "/directory/path" == False null (takeExtension x) == not (hasExtension x)2Drop the given extension from a FilePath, and the "." preceding it. Returns i: if the FilePath does not have the given extension, or j. and the part before the extension if it does.+This function can be more predictable than 5, especially if the filename might itself contain . characters. stripExtension "hs.o" "foo.x.hs.o" == Just "foo.x" stripExtension "hi.o" "foo.x.hs.o" == Nothing dropExtension x == fromJust (stripExtension (takeExtension x) x) dropExtensions x == fromJust (stripExtension (takeExtensions x) x) stripExtension ".c.d" "a.b.c.d" == Just "a.b" stripExtension ".c.d" "a.b..c.d" == Just "a.b." stripExtension "baz" "foo.bar" == Nothing stripExtension "bar" "foobar" == Nothing stripExtension "" x == Just xSplit on all extensions.  splitExtensions "/directory/path.ext" == ("/directory/path",".ext") splitExtensions "file.tar.gz" == ("file",".tar.gz") uncurry (++) (splitExtensions x) == x Valid x => uncurry addExtension (splitExtensions x) == x splitExtensions "file.tar.gz" == ("file",".tar.gz")Drop all extensions. dropExtensions "/directory/path.ext" == "/directory/path" dropExtensions "file.tar.gz" == "file" not $ hasExtension $ dropExtensions x not $ any isExtSeparator $ takeFileName $ dropExtensions xGet all extensions. XtakeExtensions "/directory/path.ext" == ".ext" takeExtensions "file.tar.gz" == ".tar.gz"DReplace all extensions of a file with a new extension. Note that   and m both work for adding multiple extensions, so only required when you need to drop all extensions first. qreplaceExtensions "file.fred.bob" "txt" == "file.txt" replaceExtensions "file.fred.bob" "tar.gz" == "file.tar.gz"knIs the given character a valid drive letter? only a-z and A-Z are letters, not isAlpha which is more unicodey@Split a path into a drive and a path. On Posix, / is a Drive. uncurry (++) (splitDrive x) == x Windows: splitDrive "file" == ("","file") Windows: splitDrive "c:/file" == ("c:/","file") Windows: splitDrive "c:\\file" == ("c:\\","file") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\shared\\test" == ("\\\\shared\\","test") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\shared" == ("\\\\shared","") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\?\\UNC\\shared\\file" == ("\\\\?\\UNC\\shared\\","file") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\?\\UNCshared\\file" == ("\\\\?\\","UNCshared\\file") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\?\\d:\\file" == ("\\\\?\\d:\\","file") Windows: splitDrive "/d" == ("","/d") Posix: splitDrive "/test" == ("/","test") Posix: splitDrive "//test" == ("//","test") Posix: splitDrive "test/file" == ("","test/file") Posix: splitDrive "file" == ("","file")&Join a drive and the rest of the path. Valid x => uncurry joinDrive (splitDrive x) == x Windows: joinDrive "C:" "foo" == "C:foo" Windows: joinDrive "C:\\" "bar" == "C:\\bar" Windows: joinDrive "\\\\share" "foo" == "\\\\share\\foo" Windows: joinDrive "/:" "foo" == "/:\\foo"Get the drive from a filepath. !takeDrive x == fst (splitDrive x)Delete the drive, if it exists. !dropDrive x == snd (splitDrive x)Does a path have a drive. not (hasDrive x) == null (takeDrive x) Posix: hasDrive "/foo" == True Windows: hasDrive "C:\\foo" == True Windows: hasDrive "C:foo" == True hasDrive "foo" == False hasDrive "" == FalseIs an element a drive Posix: isDrive "/" == True Posix: isDrive "/foo" == False Windows: isDrive "C:\\" == True Windows: isDrive "C:\\foo" == False isDrive "" == False*Split a filename into directory and file. )M is the inverse. The first component will often end with a trailing slash. splitFileName "/directory/file.ext" == ("/directory/","file.ext") Valid x => uncurry (</>) (splitFileName x) == x || fst (splitFileName x) == "./" Valid x => isValid (fst (splitFileName x)) splitFileName "file/bob.txt" == ("file/", "bob.txt") splitFileName "file/" == ("file/", "") splitFileName "bob" == ("./", "bob") Posix: splitFileName "/" == ("/","") Windows: splitFileName "c:" == ("c:","")Set the filename. }replaceFileName "/directory/other.txt" "file.ext" == "/directory/file.ext" Valid x => replaceFileName x (takeFileName x) == xDrop the filename. Unlike &I, this function will leave a trailing path separator on the directory. [dropFileName "/directory/file.ext" == "/directory/" dropFileName x == fst (splitFileName x) Get the file name. &takeFileName "/directory/file.ext" == "file.ext" takeFileName "test/" == "" takeFileName x `isSuffixOf` x takeFileName x == snd (splitFileName x) Valid x => takeFileName (replaceFileName x "fred") == "fred" Valid x => takeFileName (x </> "fred") == "fred" Valid x => isRelative (takeFileName x)!0Get the base name, without an extension or path. takeBaseName "/directory/file.ext" == "file" takeBaseName "file/test.txt" == "test" takeBaseName "dave.ext" == "dave" takeBaseName "" == "" takeBaseName "test" == "test" takeBaseName (addTrailingPathSeparator x) == "" takeBaseName "file/file.tar.gz" == "file.tar""Set the base name. replaceBaseName "/directory/other.ext" "file" == "/directory/file.ext" replaceBaseName "file/test.txt" "bob" == "file/bob.txt" replaceBaseName "fred" "bill" == "bill" replaceBaseName "/dave/fred/bob.gz.tar" "new" == "/dave/fred/new.tar" Valid x => replaceBaseName x (takeBaseName x) == x#EIs an item either a directory or the last character a path separator? QhasTrailingPathSeparator "test" == False hasTrailingPathSeparator "test/" == True$AAdd a trailing file path separator if one is not already present. hasTrailingPathSeparator (addTrailingPathSeparator x) hasTrailingPathSeparator x ==> addTrailingPathSeparator x == x Posix: addTrailingPathSeparator "test/rest" == "test/rest/"%#Remove any trailing path separators dropTrailingPathSeparator "file/test/" == "file/test" dropTrailingPathSeparator "/" == "/" Windows: dropTrailingPathSeparator "\\" == "\\" Posix: not (hasTrailingPathSeparator (dropTrailingPathSeparator x)) || isDrive x&*Get the directory name, move up one level.  takeDirectory "/directory/other.ext" == "/directory" takeDirectory x `isPrefixOf` x || takeDirectory x == "." takeDirectory "foo" == "." takeDirectory "/" == "/" takeDirectory "/foo" == "/" takeDirectory "/foo/bar/baz" == "/foo/bar" takeDirectory "/foo/bar/baz/" == "/foo/bar/baz" takeDirectory "foo/bar/baz" == "foo/bar" Windows: takeDirectory "foo\\bar" == "foo" Windows: takeDirectory "foo\\bar\\\\" == "foo\\bar" Windows: takeDirectory "C:\\" == "C:\\"'1Set the directory, keeping the filename the same. replaceDirectory "root/file.ext" "/directory/" == "/directory/file.ext" Valid x => replaceDirectory x (takeDirectory x) `equalFilePath` x( An alias for ).l0Combine two paths, assuming rhs is NOT absolute.)Combine two paths with a path separator. If the second path starts with a path separator or a drive letter, then it returns the second. The intention is that readFile (dir ) file)! will access the same file as &setCurrentDirectory dir; readFile file. Posix: "/directory" </> "file.ext" == "/directory/file.ext" Windows: "/directory" </> "file.ext" == "/directory\\file.ext" "directory" </> "/file.ext" == "/file.ext" Valid x => (takeDirectory x </> takeFileName x) `equalFilePath` x Combined: Posix: "/" </> "test" == "/test" Posix: "home" </> "bob" == "home/bob" Posix: "x:" </> "foo" == "x:/foo" Windows: "C:\\foo" </> "bar" == "C:\\foo\\bar" Windows: "home" </> "bob" == "home\\bob" Not combined: OPosix: "home" </> "/bob" == "/bob" Windows: "home" </> "C:\\bob" == "C:\\bob"Not combined (tricky):On Windows, if a filepath starts with a single slash, it is relative to the root of the current drive. In [1], this is (confusingly) referred to as an absolute path. The current behavior of )! is to never combine these forms. vWindows: "home" </> "/bob" == "/bob" Windows: "home" </> "\\bob" == "\\bob" Windows: "C:\\home" </> "\\bob" == "\\bob"On Windows, from [1]: "If a file name begins with only a disk designator but not the backslash after the colon, it is interpreted as a relative path to the current directory on the drive with the specified letter." The current behavior of )! is to never combine these forms. SWindows: "D:\\foo" </> "C:bar" == "C:bar" Windows: "C:\\foo" </> "C:bar" == "C:bar"*(Split a path by the directory separator. JsplitPath "/directory/file.ext" == ["/","directory/","file.ext"] concat (splitPath x) == x splitPath "test//item/" == ["test//","item/"] splitPath "test/item/file" == ["test/","item/","file"] splitPath "" == [] Windows: splitPath "c:\\test\\path" == ["c:\\","test\\","path"] Posix: splitPath "/file/test" == ["/","file/","test"]+Just as *5, but don't add the trailing slashes to each element.  splitDirectories "/directory/file.ext" == ["/","directory","file.ext"] splitDirectories "test/file" == ["test","file"] splitDirectories "/test/file" == ["/","test","file"] Windows: splitDirectories "C:\\test\\file" == ["C:\\", "test", "file"] Valid x => joinPath (splitDirectories x) `equalFilePath` x splitDirectories "" == [] Windows: splitDirectories "C:\\test\\\\\\file" == ["C:\\", "test", "file"] splitDirectories "/test///file" == ["/","test","file"],!Join path elements back together. joinPath ["/","directory/","file.ext"] == "/directory/file.ext" Valid x => joinPath (splitPath x) == x joinPath [] == "" Posix: joinPath ["test","file","path"] == "test/file/path"-Equality of two s. If you call !System.Directory.canonicalizePathk first this has a much better chance of working. Note that this doesn't follow symlinks or DOSNAM~1s. ! x == y ==> equalFilePath x y normalise x == normalise y ==> equalFilePath x y equalFilePath "foo" "foo/" not (equalFilePath "foo" "/foo") Posix: not (equalFilePath "foo" "FOO") Windows: equalFilePath "foo" "FOO" Windows: not (equalFilePath "C:" "C:/").dContract a filename, based on a relative path. Note that the resulting path will never introduce ..* paths, as the presence of symlinks means ../b may not reach a/b if it starts from a/c. For a worked example see  Vhttp://neilmitchell.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/filepaths-are-subtle-symlinks-are-hard.htmlthis blog post.The corresponding  makeAbsolute function can be found in System.Directory.  makeRelative "/directory" "/directory/file.ext" == "file.ext" Valid x => makeRelative (takeDirectory x) x `equalFilePath` takeFileName x makeRelative x x == "." Valid x y => equalFilePath x y || (isRelative x && makeRelative y x == x) || equalFilePath (y </> makeRelative y x) x Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "c:\\home\\bob" == "bob" Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "c:/home/bob" == "bob" Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "D:\\Home\\Bob" == "D:\\Home\\Bob" Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "C:Home\\Bob" == "C:Home\\Bob" Windows: makeRelative "/Home" "/home/bob" == "bob" Windows: makeRelative "/" "//" == "//" Posix: makeRelative "/Home" "/home/bob" == "/home/bob" Posix: makeRelative "/home/" "/home/bob/foo/bar" == "bob/foo/bar" Posix: makeRelative "/fred" "bob" == "bob" Posix: makeRelative "/file/test" "/file/test/fred" == "fred" Posix: makeRelative "/file/test" "/file/test/fred/" == "fred/" Posix: makeRelative "some/path" "some/path/a/b/c" == "a/b/c"/Normalise a file)// outside of the drive can be made blank/ -> ./ -> "" Posix: normalise "/file/\\test////" == "/file/\\test/" Posix: normalise "/file/./test" == "/file/test" Posix: normalise "/test/file/../bob/fred/" == "/test/file/../bob/fred/" Posix: normalise "../bob/fred/" == "../bob/fred/" Posix: normalise "./bob/fred/" == "bob/fred/" Windows: normalise "c:\\file/bob\\" == "C:\\file\\bob\\" Windows: normalise "c:\\" == "C:\\" Windows: normalise "C:.\\" == "C:" Windows: normalise "\\\\server\\test" == "\\\\server\\test" Windows: normalise "//server/test" == "\\\\server\\test" Windows: normalise "c:/file" == "C:\\file" Windows: normalise "/file" == "\\file" Windows: normalise "\\" == "\\" Windows: normalise "/./" == "\\" normalise "." == "." Posix: normalise "./" == "./" Posix: normalise "./." == "./" Posix: normalise "/./" == "/" Posix: normalise "/" == "/" Posix: normalise "bob/fred/." == "bob/fred/" Posix: normalise "//home" == "/home"0Is a FilePath valid, i.e. could you create a file like it? This function checks for invalid names, and invalid characters, but does not check if length limits are exceeded, as these are typically filesystem dependent. ] isValid "" == False isValid "\0" == False Posix: isValid "/random_ path:*" == True Posix: isValid x == not (null x) Windows: isValid "c:\\test" == True Windows: isValid "c:\\test:of_test" == False Windows: isValid "test*" == False Windows: isValid "c:\\test\\nul" == False Windows: isValid "c:\\test\\prn.txt" == False Windows: isValid "c:\\nul\\file" == False Windows: isValid "\\\\" == False Windows: isValid "\\\\\\foo" == False Windows: isValid "\\\\?\\D:file" == False Windows: isValid "foo\tbar" == False Windows: isValid "nul .txt" == False Windows: isValid " nul.txt" == True1KTake a FilePath and make it valid; does not change already valid FilePaths. isValid (makeValid x) isValid x ==> makeValid x == x makeValid "" == "_" makeValid "file\0name" == "file_name" Windows: makeValid "c:\\already\\/valid" == "c:\\already\\/valid" Windows: makeValid "c:\\test:of_test" == "c:\\test_of_test" Windows: makeValid "test*" == "test_" Windows: makeValid "c:\\test\\nul" == "c:\\test\\nul_" Windows: makeValid "c:\\test\\prn.txt" == "c:\\test\\prn_.txt" Windows: makeValid "c:\\test/prn.txt" == "c:\\test/prn_.txt" Windows: makeValid "c:\\nul\\file" == "c:\\nul_\\file" Windows: makeValid "\\\\\\foo" == "\\\\drive" Windows: makeValid "\\\\?\\D:file" == "\\\\?\\D:\\file" Windows: makeValid "nul .txt" == "nul _.txt"2/Is a path relative, or is it fixed to the root? Windows: isRelative "path\\test" == True Windows: isRelative "c:\\test" == False Windows: isRelative "c:test" == True Windows: isRelative "c:\\" == False Windows: isRelative "c:/" == False Windows: isRelative "c:" == True Windows: isRelative "\\\\foo" == False Windows: isRelative "\\\\?\\foo" == False Windows: isRelative "\\\\?\\UNC\\foo" == False Windows: isRelative "/foo" == True Windows: isRelative "\\foo" == True Posix: isRelative "test/path" == True Posix: isRelative "/test" == False Posix: isRelative "/" == FalseAccording to [1]:/"A UNC name of any format [is never relative]."6"You cannot use the "\?" prefix with a relative path."3 not . 2 "isAbsolute x == not (isRelative x)mThe stripSuffix function drops the given suffix from a list. It returns Nothing if the list did not end with the suffix given, or Just the list before the suffix, if it does.Ggh knopqrs !"#t$%&'(l)*+,-./uvw012x3yz{|m4  !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234  !"&'()*,+#$%/-.2301Ggh knopqrs !"#t$%&'(l)*+,-./uvw012x3yz{|m 77)5(c) Neil Mitchell 2005-2014BSD3ndmitchell@gmail.comstableportableSafe8}*Is the operating system Unix or Linux like~$Is the operating system Windows like4dThe character that separates directories. In the case where more than one character is possible, 4 is the 'ideal' one. [Windows: pathSeparator == '\\' Posix: pathSeparator == '/' isPathSeparator pathSeparator5$The list of all possible separators. kWindows: pathSeparators == ['\\', '/'] Posix: pathSeparators == ['/'] pathSeparator `elem` pathSeparators6Rather than using (== 4)5, use this. Test if something is a path separator. .isPathSeparator a == (a `elem` pathSeparators)7UThe character that is used to separate the entries in the $PATH environment variable. GWindows: searchPathSeparator == ';' Posix: searchPathSeparator == ':'8"Is the character a file separator? 5isSearchPathSeparator a == (a == searchPathSeparator)9File extension character extSeparator == '.':(Is the character an extension character? 'isExtSeparator a == (a == extSeparator);Take a string, split it on the 7D character. Blank items are ignored on Windows, and converted to .> on Posix. On Windows path elements are stripped of quotes."Follows the recommendations in Fhttp://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap08.html }Posix: splitSearchPath "File1:File2:File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"] Posix: splitSearchPath "File1::File2:File3" == ["File1",".","File2","File3"] Windows: splitSearchPath "File1;File2;File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"] Windows: splitSearchPath "File1;;File2;File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"] Windows: splitSearchPath "File1;\"File2\";File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"]<Get a list of s in the $PATH variable.=Split on the extension. C is the inverse. $splitExtension "/directory/path.ext" == ("/directory/path",".ext") uncurry (++) (splitExtension x) == x Valid x => uncurry addExtension (splitExtension x) == x splitExtension "file.txt" == ("file",".txt") splitExtension "file" == ("file","") splitExtension "file/file.txt" == ("file/file",".txt") splitExtension "file.txt/boris" == ("file.txt/boris","") splitExtension "file.txt/boris.ext" == ("file.txt/boris",".ext") splitExtension "file/path.txt.bob.fred" == ("file/path.txt.bob",".fred") splitExtension "file/path.txt/" == ("file/path.txt/","")>%Get the extension of a file, returns "" for no extension, .ext otherwise. takeExtension "/directory/path.ext" == ".ext" takeExtension x == snd (splitExtension x) Valid x => takeExtension (addExtension x "ext") == ".ext" Valid x => takeExtension (replaceExtension x "ext") == ".ext"?<Remove the current extension and add another, equivalent to @. "/directory/path.txt" -<.> "ext" == "/directory/path.ext" "/directory/path.txt" -<.> ".ext" == "/directory/path.ext" "foo.o" -<.> "c" == "foo.c"@OSet the extension of a file, overwriting one if already present, equivalent to ?. replaceExtension "/directory/path.txt" "ext" == "/directory/path.ext" replaceExtension "/directory/path.txt" ".ext" == "/directory/path.ext" replaceExtension "file.txt" ".bob" == "file.bob" replaceExtension "file.txt" "bob" == "file.bob" replaceExtension "file" ".bob" == "file.bob" replaceExtension "file.txt" "" == "file" replaceExtension "file.fred.bob" "txt" == "file.fred.txt" replaceExtension x y == addExtension (dropExtension x) yADAdd an extension, even if there is already one there, equivalent to C. j"/directory/path" <.> "ext" == "/directory/path.ext" "/directory/path" <.> ".ext" == "/directory/path.ext"B0Remove last extension, and the "." preceding it. bdropExtension "/directory/path.ext" == "/directory/path" dropExtension x == fst (splitExtension x)CDAdd an extension, even if there is already one there, equivalent to A. addExtension "/directory/path" "ext" == "/directory/path.ext" addExtension "file.txt" "bib" == "file.txt.bib" addExtension "file." ".bib" == "file..bib" addExtension "file" ".bib" == "file.bib" addExtension "/" "x" == "/.x" addExtension x "" == x Valid x => takeFileName (addExtension (addTrailingPathSeparator x) "ext") == ".ext" Windows: addExtension "\\\\share" ".txt" == "\\\\share\\.txt"D*Does the given filename have an extension? hasExtension "/directory/path.ext" == True hasExtension "/directory/path" == False null (takeExtension x) == not (hasExtension x)E2Drop the given extension from a FilePath, and the "." preceding it. Returns i: if the FilePath does not have the given extension, or j. and the part before the extension if it does.+This function can be more predictable than G5, especially if the filename might itself contain . characters. stripExtension "hs.o" "foo.x.hs.o" == Just "foo.x" stripExtension "hi.o" "foo.x.hs.o" == Nothing dropExtension x == fromJust (stripExtension (takeExtension x) x) dropExtensions x == fromJust (stripExtension (takeExtensions x) x) stripExtension ".c.d" "a.b.c.d" == Just "a.b" stripExtension ".c.d" "a.b..c.d" == Just "a.b." stripExtension "baz" "foo.bar" == Nothing stripExtension "bar" "foobar" == Nothing stripExtension "" x == Just xFSplit on all extensions.  splitExtensions "/directory/path.ext" == ("/directory/path",".ext") splitExtensions "file.tar.gz" == ("file",".tar.gz") uncurry (++) (splitExtensions x) == x Valid x => uncurry addExtension (splitExtensions x) == x splitExtensions "file.tar.gz" == ("file",".tar.gz")GDrop all extensions. dropExtensions "/directory/path.ext" == "/directory/path" dropExtensions "file.tar.gz" == "file" not $ hasExtension $ dropExtensions x not $ any isExtSeparator $ takeFileName $ dropExtensions xHGet all extensions. XtakeExtensions "/directory/path.ext" == ".ext" takeExtensions "file.tar.gz" == ".tar.gz"IDReplace all extensions of a file with a new extension. Note that @ and Cm both work for adding multiple extensions, so only required when you need to drop all extensions first. qreplaceExtensions "file.fred.bob" "txt" == "file.txt" replaceExtensions "file.fred.bob" "tar.gz" == "file.tar.gz"nIs the given character a valid drive letter? only a-z and A-Z are letters, not isAlpha which is more unicodeyJ@Split a path into a drive and a path. On Posix, / is a Drive. uncurry (++) (splitDrive x) == x Windows: splitDrive "file" == ("","file") Windows: splitDrive "c:/file" == ("c:/","file") Windows: splitDrive "c:\\file" == ("c:\\","file") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\shared\\test" == ("\\\\shared\\","test") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\shared" == ("\\\\shared","") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\?\\UNC\\shared\\file" == ("\\\\?\\UNC\\shared\\","file") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\?\\UNCshared\\file" == ("\\\\?\\","UNCshared\\file") Windows: splitDrive "\\\\?\\d:\\file" == ("\\\\?\\d:\\","file") Windows: splitDrive "/d" == ("","/d") Posix: splitDrive "/test" == ("/","test") Posix: splitDrive "//test" == ("//","test") Posix: splitDrive "test/file" == ("","test/file") Posix: splitDrive "file" == ("","file")K&Join a drive and the rest of the path. Valid x => uncurry joinDrive (splitDrive x) == x Windows: joinDrive "C:" "foo" == "C:foo" Windows: joinDrive "C:\\" "bar" == "C:\\bar" Windows: joinDrive "\\\\share" "foo" == "\\\\share\\foo" Windows: joinDrive "/:" "foo" == "/:\\foo"LGet the drive from a filepath. !takeDrive x == fst (splitDrive x)MDelete the drive, if it exists. !dropDrive x == snd (splitDrive x)NDoes a path have a drive. not (hasDrive x) == null (takeDrive x) Posix: hasDrive "/foo" == True Windows: hasDrive "C:\\foo" == True Windows: hasDrive "C:foo" == True hasDrive "foo" == False hasDrive "" == FalseOIs an element a drive Posix: isDrive "/" == True Posix: isDrive "/foo" == False Windows: isDrive "C:\\" == True Windows: isDrive "C:\\foo" == False isDrive "" == FalseP*Split a filename into directory and file. \M is the inverse. The first component will often end with a trailing slash. splitFileName "/directory/file.ext" == ("/directory/","file.ext") Valid x => uncurry (</>) (splitFileName x) == x || fst (splitFileName x) == "./" Valid x => isValid (fst (splitFileName x)) splitFileName "file/bob.txt" == ("file/", "bob.txt") splitFileName "file/" == ("file/", "") splitFileName "bob" == ("./", "bob") Posix: splitFileName "/" == ("/","") Windows: splitFileName "c:" == ("c:","")QSet the filename. }replaceFileName "/directory/other.txt" "file.ext" == "/directory/file.ext" Valid x => replaceFileName x (takeFileName x) == xRDrop the filename. Unlike YI, this function will leave a trailing path separator on the directory. [dropFileName "/directory/file.ext" == "/directory/" dropFileName x == fst (splitFileName x)SGet the file name. &takeFileName "/directory/file.ext" == "file.ext" takeFileName "test/" == "" takeFileName x `isSuffixOf` x takeFileName x == snd (splitFileName x) Valid x => takeFileName (replaceFileName x "fred") == "fred" Valid x => takeFileName (x </> "fred") == "fred" Valid x => isRelative (takeFileName x)T0Get the base name, without an extension or path. takeBaseName "/directory/file.ext" == "file" takeBaseName "file/test.txt" == "test" takeBaseName "dave.ext" == "dave" takeBaseName "" == "" takeBaseName "test" == "test" takeBaseName (addTrailingPathSeparator x) == "" takeBaseName "file/file.tar.gz" == "file.tar"USet the base name. replaceBaseName "/directory/other.ext" "file" == "/directory/file.ext" replaceBaseName "file/test.txt" "bob" == "file/bob.txt" replaceBaseName "fred" "bill" == "bill" replaceBaseName "/dave/fred/bob.gz.tar" "new" == "/dave/fred/new.tar" Valid x => replaceBaseName x (takeBaseName x) == xVEIs an item either a directory or the last character a path separator? QhasTrailingPathSeparator "test" == False hasTrailingPathSeparator "test/" == TrueWAAdd a trailing file path separator if one is not already present. hasTrailingPathSeparator (addTrailingPathSeparator x) hasTrailingPathSeparator x ==> addTrailingPathSeparator x == x Posix: addTrailingPathSeparator "test/rest" == "test/rest/"X#Remove any trailing path separators dropTrailingPathSeparator "file/test/" == "file/test" dropTrailingPathSeparator "/" == "/" Windows: dropTrailingPathSeparator "\\" == "\\" Posix: not (hasTrailingPathSeparator (dropTrailingPathSeparator x)) || isDrive xY*Get the directory name, move up one level.  takeDirectory "/directory/other.ext" == "/directory" takeDirectory x `isPrefixOf` x || takeDirectory x == "." takeDirectory "foo" == "." takeDirectory "/" == "/" takeDirectory "/foo" == "/" takeDirectory "/foo/bar/baz" == "/foo/bar" takeDirectory "/foo/bar/baz/" == "/foo/bar/baz" takeDirectory "foo/bar/baz" == "foo/bar" Windows: takeDirectory "foo\\bar" == "foo" Windows: takeDirectory "foo\\bar\\\\" == "foo\\bar" Windows: takeDirectory "C:\\" == "C:\\"Z1Set the directory, keeping the filename the same. replaceDirectory "root/file.ext" "/directory/" == "/directory/file.ext" Valid x => replaceDirectory x (takeDirectory x) `equalFilePath` x[ An alias for \.0Combine two paths, assuming rhs is NOT absolute.\Combine two paths with a path separator. If the second path starts with a path separator or a drive letter, then it returns the second. The intention is that readFile (dir \ file)! will access the same file as &setCurrentDirectory dir; readFile file. Posix: "/directory" </> "file.ext" == "/directory/file.ext" Windows: "/directory" </> "file.ext" == "/directory\\file.ext" "directory" </> "/file.ext" == "/file.ext" Valid x => (takeDirectory x </> takeFileName x) `equalFilePath` x Combined: Posix: "/" </> "test" == "/test" Posix: "home" </> "bob" == "home/bob" Posix: "x:" </> "foo" == "x:/foo" Windows: "C:\\foo" </> "bar" == "C:\\foo\\bar" Windows: "home" </> "bob" == "home\\bob" Not combined: OPosix: "home" </> "/bob" == "/bob" Windows: "home" </> "C:\\bob" == "C:\\bob"Not combined (tricky):On Windows, if a filepath starts with a single slash, it is relative to the root of the current drive. In [1], this is (confusingly) referred to as an absolute path. The current behavior of \! is to never combine these forms. vWindows: "home" </> "/bob" == "/bob" Windows: "home" </> "\\bob" == "\\bob" Windows: "C:\\home" </> "\\bob" == "\\bob"On Windows, from [1]: "If a file name begins with only a disk designator but not the backslash after the colon, it is interpreted as a relative path to the current directory on the drive with the specified letter." The current behavior of \! is to never combine these forms. SWindows: "D:\\foo" </> "C:bar" == "C:bar" Windows: "C:\\foo" </> "C:bar" == "C:bar"](Split a path by the directory separator. JsplitPath "/directory/file.ext" == ["/","directory/","file.ext"] concat (splitPath x) == x splitPath "test//item/" == ["test//","item/"] splitPath "test/item/file" == ["test/","item/","file"] splitPath "" == [] Windows: splitPath "c:\\test\\path" == ["c:\\","test\\","path"] Posix: splitPath "/file/test" == ["/","file/","test"]^Just as ]5, but don't add the trailing slashes to each element.  splitDirectories "/directory/file.ext" == ["/","directory","file.ext"] splitDirectories "test/file" == ["test","file"] splitDirectories "/test/file" == ["/","test","file"] Windows: splitDirectories "C:\\test\\file" == ["C:\\", "test", "file"] Valid x => joinPath (splitDirectories x) `equalFilePath` x splitDirectories "" == [] Windows: splitDirectories "C:\\test\\\\\\file" == ["C:\\", "test", "file"] splitDirectories "/test///file" == ["/","test","file"]_!Join path elements back together. joinPath ["/","directory/","file.ext"] == "/directory/file.ext" Valid x => joinPath (splitPath x) == x joinPath [] == "" Posix: joinPath ["test","file","path"] == "test/file/path"`Equality of two s. If you call !System.Directory.canonicalizePathk first this has a much better chance of working. Note that this doesn't follow symlinks or DOSNAM~1s. ! x == y ==> equalFilePath x y normalise x == normalise y ==> equalFilePath x y equalFilePath "foo" "foo/" not (equalFilePath "foo" "/foo") Posix: not (equalFilePath "foo" "FOO") Windows: equalFilePath "foo" "FOO" Windows: not (equalFilePath "C:" "C:/")adContract a filename, based on a relative path. Note that the resulting path will never introduce ..* paths, as the presence of symlinks means ../b may not reach a/b if it starts from a/c. For a worked example see  Vhttp://neilmitchell.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/filepaths-are-subtle-symlinks-are-hard.htmlthis blog post.The corresponding  makeAbsolute function can be found in System.Directory.  makeRelative "/directory" "/directory/file.ext" == "file.ext" Valid x => makeRelative (takeDirectory x) x `equalFilePath` takeFileName x makeRelative x x == "." Valid x y => equalFilePath x y || (isRelative x && makeRelative y x == x) || equalFilePath (y </> makeRelative y x) x Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "c:\\home\\bob" == "bob" Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "c:/home/bob" == "bob" Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "D:\\Home\\Bob" == "D:\\Home\\Bob" Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "C:Home\\Bob" == "C:Home\\Bob" Windows: makeRelative "/Home" "/home/bob" == "bob" Windows: makeRelative "/" "//" == "//" Posix: makeRelative "/Home" "/home/bob" == "/home/bob" Posix: makeRelative "/home/" "/home/bob/foo/bar" == "bob/foo/bar" Posix: makeRelative "/fred" "bob" == "bob" Posix: makeRelative "/file/test" "/file/test/fred" == "fred" Posix: makeRelative "/file/test" "/file/test/fred/" == "fred/" Posix: makeRelative "some/path" "some/path/a/b/c" == "a/b/c"bNormalise a file)// outside of the drive can be made blank/ -> 4./ -> "" Posix: normalise "/file/\\test////" == "/file/\\test/" Posix: normalise "/file/./test" == "/file/test" Posix: normalise "/test/file/../bob/fred/" == "/test/file/../bob/fred/" Posix: normalise "../bob/fred/" == "../bob/fred/" Posix: normalise "./bob/fred/" == "bob/fred/" Windows: normalise "c:\\file/bob\\" == "C:\\file\\bob\\" Windows: normalise "c:\\" == "C:\\" Windows: normalise "C:.\\" == "C:" Windows: normalise "\\\\server\\test" == "\\\\server\\test" Windows: normalise "//server/test" == "\\\\server\\test" Windows: normalise "c:/file" == "C:\\file" Windows: normalise "/file" == "\\file" Windows: normalise "\\" == "\\" Windows: normalise "/./" == "\\" normalise "." == "." Posix: normalise "./" == "./" Posix: normalise "./." == "./" Posix: normalise "/./" == "/" Posix: normalise "/" == "/" Posix: normalise "bob/fred/." == "bob/fred/" Posix: normalise "//home" == "/home"cIs a FilePath valid, i.e. could you create a file like it? This function checks for invalid names, and invalid characters, but does not check if length limits are exceeded, as these are typically filesystem dependent. ] isValid "" == False isValid "\0" == False Posix: isValid "/random_ path:*" == True Posix: isValid x == not (null x) Windows: isValid "c:\\test" == True Windows: isValid "c:\\test:of_test" == False Windows: isValid "test*" == False Windows: isValid "c:\\test\\nul" == False Windows: isValid "c:\\test\\prn.txt" == False Windows: isValid "c:\\nul\\file" == False Windows: isValid "\\\\" == False Windows: isValid "\\\\\\foo" == False Windows: isValid "\\\\?\\D:file" == False Windows: isValid "foo\tbar" == False Windows: isValid "nul .txt" == False Windows: isValid " nul.txt" == TruedKTake a FilePath and make it valid; does not change already valid FilePaths. isValid (makeValid x) isValid x ==> makeValid x == x makeValid "" == "_" makeValid "file\0name" == "file_name" Windows: makeValid "c:\\already\\/valid" == "c:\\already\\/valid" Windows: makeValid "c:\\test:of_test" == "c:\\test_of_test" Windows: makeValid "test*" == "test_" Windows: makeValid "c:\\test\\nul" == "c:\\test\\nul_" Windows: makeValid "c:\\test\\prn.txt" == "c:\\test\\prn_.txt" Windows: makeValid "c:\\test/prn.txt" == "c:\\test/prn_.txt" Windows: makeValid "c:\\nul\\file" == "c:\\nul_\\file" Windows: makeValid "\\\\\\foo" == "\\\\drive" Windows: makeValid "\\\\?\\D:file" == "\\\\?\\D:\\file" Windows: makeValid "nul .txt" == "nul _.txt"e/Is a path relative, or is it fixed to the root? Windows: isRelative "path\\test" == True Windows: isRelative "c:\\test" == False Windows: isRelative "c:test" == True Windows: isRelative "c:\\" == False Windows: isRelative "c:/" == False Windows: isRelative "c:" == True Windows: isRelative "\\\\foo" == False Windows: isRelative "\\\\?\\foo" == False Windows: isRelative "\\\\?\\UNC\\foo" == False Windows: isRelative "/foo" == True Windows: isRelative "\\foo" == True Posix: isRelative "test/path" == True Posix: isRelative "/test" == False Posix: isRelative "/" == FalseAccording to [1]:/"A UNC name of any format [is never relative]."6"You cannot use the "\?" prefix with a relative path."f not . e "isAbsolute x == not (isRelative x)The stripSuffix function drops the given suffix from a list. It returns Nothing if the list did not end with the suffix given, or Just the list before the suffix, if it does.G}~456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdef4456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdef4456789:;<=>@?BCDAFGHIEPSQRTUYZ[\]_^JKLNMOVWXb`aefcdG}~456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdef?7A7\5(c) Neil Mitchell 2005-2014BSD3ndmitchell@gmail.comstableportableSafe4456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdef      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=<>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP:;?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ'filepath-1.4.1.1-91HxS0fHOteCKtzSMdT12ESystem.FilePath.WindowsSystem.FilePath.PosixSystem.FilePathbaseGHC.IOFilePath pathSeparatorpathSeparatorsisPathSeparatorsearchPathSeparatorisSearchPathSeparator extSeparatorisExtSeparatorsplitSearchPath getSearchPathsplitExtension takeExtension-<.>replaceExtension<.> dropExtension addExtension hasExtensionstripExtensionsplitExtensionsdropExtensionstakeExtensionsreplaceExtensions splitDrive joinDrive takeDrive dropDrivehasDriveisDrive splitFileNamereplaceFileName dropFileName takeFileName takeBaseNamereplaceBaseNamehasTrailingPathSeparatoraddTrailingPathSeparatordropTrailingPathSeparator takeDirectoryreplaceDirectorycombine splitPathsplitDirectoriesjoinPath equalFilePath makeRelative normaliseisValid makeValid isRelative isAbsoluteisPosix isWindowsGHC.BaseNothingJustisLetter combineAlways stripSuffixaddSlash readDriveUNCreadDriveLetterreadDriveSharereadDriveShareNamesplitFileName_hasLeadingPathSeparatornormaliseDriveisBadCharacter badElementsisRelativeDrive dropWhileEnd takeWhileEndspanEndbreakEnd