{-# LANGUAGE CPP, FlexibleContexts, FlexibleInstances, FunctionalDependencies, GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving, MultiParamTypeClasses, RankNTypes, TypeFamilies, UndecidableInstances  #-}
{-| This module defines the Monad stack used by Happstack. You mostly don't want to be looking in here. Look in "Happstack.Server.Monads" instead.
-}
module Happstack.Server.Internal.Monads where

import Control.Applicative                       (Applicative, pure, (<*>), Alternative(empty,(<|>)))

import Control.Concurrent                        (newMVar)
import Control.Exception                         (throwIO)

import Control.Monad                             ( MonadPlus(mzero, mplus), ap, liftM, msum
                                                 )
import Control.Monad.Base                        ( MonadBase, liftBase )
import Control.Monad.Catch                       ( MonadCatch(..), MonadThrow(..) )
import Control.Monad.Error                       ( ErrorT(ErrorT), runErrorT
                                                 , Error, MonadError, throwError
                                                 , catchError, mapErrorT
                                                 )
import Control.Monad.Reader                      ( ReaderT(ReaderT), runReaderT
                                                 , MonadReader, ask, local, mapReaderT
                                                 )
import qualified Control.Monad.RWS.Lazy as Lazy       ( RWST, mapRWST )
import qualified Control.Monad.RWS.Strict as Strict   ( RWST, mapRWST )

import Control.Monad.Trans.Except                ( ExceptT, mapExceptT )
import Control.Monad.State.Class                      ( MonadState, get, put )
import qualified Control.Monad.State.Lazy as Lazy     ( StateT, mapStateT )
import qualified Control.Monad.State.Strict as Strict ( StateT, mapStateT )
import Control.Monad.Trans                       ( MonadTrans, lift
                                                 , MonadIO, liftIO
                                                 )
import Control.Monad.Trans.Control               ( MonadTransControl(..)
                                                 , MonadBaseControl(..)
                                                 , ComposeSt, defaultLiftBaseWith, defaultRestoreM
                                                 )
import Control.Monad.Writer.Class                ( MonadWriter, tell, pass, listens )
import qualified Control.Monad.Writer.Lazy as Lazy     ( WriterT(WriterT), runWriterT, mapWriterT )
import qualified Control.Monad.Writer.Strict as Strict ( WriterT, mapWriterT )
import qualified Control.Monad.Writer.Class as Writer  ( listen )

import Control.Monad.Trans.Maybe                 (MaybeT(MaybeT), runMaybeT)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8           as P
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.UTF8       as LU (fromString)
import Data.Char                                 (ord)
import Data.List                                 (inits, isPrefixOf, stripPrefix, tails)
import Data.Maybe                                (fromMaybe)
import Data.Monoid                               (Monoid(mempty, mappend), Dual(..), Endo(..))
import qualified Data.Semigroup                  as SG
import qualified Paths_happstack_server          as Cabal
import qualified Data.Version                    as DV
import Debug.Trace                               (trace)

import Happstack.Server.Internal.Cookie          (Cookie)
import Happstack.Server.Internal.RFC822Headers   (parseContentType)
import Happstack.Server.Internal.Types           (EscapeHTTP(..), canHaveBody)
import Happstack.Server.Internal.TimeoutIO       (TimeoutIO)
import Happstack.Server.Types
import Prelude                                   (Bool(..), Either(..), Eq(..), Functor(..), IO, Monad(..), Char, Maybe(..), String, Show(..), ($), (.), (>), (++), (&&), (||), (=<<), const, concatMap, flip, id, otherwise, zip)

-- | An alias for 'WebT' when using 'IO'.
type Web a = WebT IO a

-- | An alias for @'ServerPartT' 'IO'@
type ServerPart a = ServerPartT IO a

--------------------------------------
-- HERE BEGINS ServerPartT definitions

-- | 'ServerPartT' is a rich, featureful monad for web development.
--
-- see also: 'simpleHTTP', 'ServerMonad', 'FilterMonad', 'WebMonad', and 'HasRqData'
newtype ServerPartT m a = ServerPartT { unServerPartT :: ReaderT Request (WebT m) a }
    deriving (Monad, MonadPlus, Functor)

instance MonadCatch m => MonadCatch (ServerPartT m) where
    catch action handle = ServerPartT $ catch (unServerPartT action) (unServerPartT . handle)

instance MonadThrow m => MonadThrow (ServerPartT m) where
    throwM = ServerPartT . throwM

instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (ServerPartT m) where
    liftBase = lift . liftBase

instance (MonadIO m) => MonadIO (ServerPartT m) where
    liftIO = ServerPartT . liftIO
    {-# INLINE liftIO #-}

#if MIN_VERSION_monad_control(1,0,0)
instance MonadTransControl ServerPartT where
    type StT ServerPartT a = StT WebT (StT (ReaderT Request) a)
    liftWith f = ServerPartT $ liftWith $ \runReader ->
                                 liftWith $ \runWeb ->
                                   f $ runWeb . runReader . unServerPartT
    restoreT = ServerPartT . restoreT . restoreT

instance MonadBaseControl b m => MonadBaseControl b (ServerPartT m) where
    type StM (ServerPartT m) a = ComposeSt ServerPartT m a
    liftBaseWith = defaultLiftBaseWith
    restoreM     = defaultRestoreM
#else
instance MonadTransControl ServerPartT where
    newtype StT ServerPartT a = StSP {unStSP :: StT WebT (StT (ReaderT Request) a)}
    liftWith f = ServerPartT $ liftWith $ \runReader ->
                                 liftWith $ \runWeb ->
                                   f $ liftM StSP . runWeb . runReader . unServerPartT
    restoreT = ServerPartT . restoreT . restoreT . liftM unStSP

instance MonadBaseControl b m => MonadBaseControl b (ServerPartT m) where
    newtype StM (ServerPartT m) a = StMSP {unStMSP :: ComposeSt ServerPartT m a}
    liftBaseWith = defaultLiftBaseWith StMSP
    restoreM     = defaultRestoreM     unStMSP
#endif

-- | Particularly useful when combined with 'runWebT' to produce
-- a @m ('Maybe' 'Response')@ from a 'Request'.
runServerPartT :: ServerPartT m a -> Request -> WebT m a
runServerPartT = runReaderT . unServerPartT

-- | function for lifting WebT to ServerPartT
--
-- NOTE: This is mostly for internal use. If you want to access the
-- 'Request' in user-code see 'askRq' from 'ServerMonad'.
--
-- > do request <- askRq
-- >    ...
withRequest :: (Request -> WebT m a) -> ServerPartT m a
withRequest = ServerPartT . ReaderT

-- | A constructor for a 'ServerPartT' when you don't care about the request.
--
-- NOTE: This is mostly for internal use. If you think you need to use
-- it in your own code, you might consider asking on the mailing list
-- or IRC to find out if there is an alternative solution.
anyRequest :: Monad m => WebT m a -> ServerPartT m a
anyRequest x = withRequest $ \_ -> x

-- | Apply a function to transform the inner monad of
-- @'ServerPartT' m@.
--
-- Often used when transforming a monad with 'ServerPartT', since
-- 'simpleHTTP' requires a @'ServerPartT' 'IO' a@.  Refer to 'UnWebT'
-- for an explanation of the structure of the monad.
--
-- Here is an example.  Suppose you want to embed an 'ErrorT' into your
-- 'ServerPartT' to enable 'throwError' and 'catchError' in your 'Monad'.
--
-- > type MyServerPartT e m a = ServerPartT (ErrorT e m) a
--
-- Now suppose you want to pass @MyServerPartT@ into a function that
-- demands a @'ServerPartT' 'IO' a@ (e.g. 'simpleHTTP').  You can
-- provide the function:
--
-- >   unpackErrorT :: (Monad m, Show e) => UnWebT (ErrorT e m) a -> UnWebT m a
-- >   unpackErrorT et = do
-- >      eitherV <- runErrorT et
-- >      return $ case eitherV of
-- >          Left err -> Just (Left $ toResponse $
-- >                                   "Catastrophic failure " ++ show err
-- >                           , filterFun $ \r -> r{rsCode = 500})
-- >          Right x -> x
--
-- With @unpackErrorT@ you can now call 'simpleHTTP'. Just wrap your
-- 'ServerPartT' list.
--
-- >  simpleHTTP nullConf $ mapServerPartT unpackErrorT (myPart `catchError` myHandler)
--
-- Or alternatively:
--
-- >  simpleHTTP' unpackErrorT nullConf (myPart `catchError` myHandler)
--
-- Also see 'Happstack.Server.Error.spUnwrapErrorT' for a more sophisticated version of this
-- function.
--
mapServerPartT :: (     UnWebT m a ->      UnWebT n b)
               -> (ServerPartT m a -> ServerPartT n b)
mapServerPartT f ma = withRequest $ \rq -> mapWebT f (runServerPartT ma rq)

-- | A variant of 'mapServerPartT' where the first argument also takes
-- a 'Request'.  Useful if you want to 'runServerPartT' on a different
-- 'ServerPartT' inside your monad (see 'spUnwrapErrorT').
mapServerPartT' :: (Request -> UnWebT m a ->      UnWebT n b)
                -> (      ServerPartT m a -> ServerPartT n b)
mapServerPartT' f ma = withRequest $ \rq -> mapWebT (f rq) (runServerPartT ma rq)

instance MonadTrans (ServerPartT) where
    lift m = withRequest (\_ -> lift m)

instance (Monad m, MonadPlus m) => SG.Semigroup (ServerPartT m a) where
    (<>) = mplus

instance (Monad m, MonadPlus m) => Monoid (ServerPartT m a) where
    mempty  = mzero
    mappend = (SG.<>)

instance (Monad m, Functor m) => Applicative (ServerPartT m) where
    pure = return
    (<*>) = ap

instance (Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (ServerPartT m) where
    empty = mzero
    (<|>) = mplus

instance (Monad m, MonadWriter w m) => MonadWriter w (ServerPartT m) where
    tell = lift . tell
    listen m = withRequest $ \rq ->  Writer.listen (runServerPartT m rq) >>= return
    pass m = withRequest $ \rq -> pass (runServerPartT m rq) >>= return

instance (Monad m, MonadError e m) => MonadError e (ServerPartT m) where
    throwError e = lift $ throwError e
    catchError action handler = withRequest $ \rq -> (runServerPartT action rq) `catchError` ((flip runServerPartT $ rq) . handler)

instance (Monad m, MonadReader r m) => MonadReader r (ServerPartT m) where
    ask = lift ask
    local fn m = withRequest $ \rq-> local fn (runServerPartT m rq)

instance (Monad m, MonadState s m) => MonadState s (ServerPartT m) where
    get = lift get
    put = lift . put

instance Monad m => FilterMonad Response (ServerPartT m) where
    setFilter = anyRequest . setFilter
    composeFilter = anyRequest . composeFilter
    getFilter m = withRequest $ \rq -> getFilter (runServerPartT m rq)

instance Monad m => WebMonad Response (ServerPartT m) where
    finishWith r = anyRequest $ finishWith r

-- | The 'ServerMonad' class provides methods for reading or locally
-- modifying the 'Request'. It is essentially a specialized version of
-- the 'MonadReader' class. Providing the unique names, 'askRq' and
-- 'localRq' makes it easier to use 'ServerPartT' and 'ReaderT'
-- together.
class Monad m => ServerMonad m where
    askRq   :: m Request
    localRq :: (Request -> Request) -> m a -> m a

instance (Monad m) => ServerMonad (ServerPartT m) where
    askRq = ServerPartT $ ask
    localRq f m = ServerPartT $ local f (unServerPartT m)

-- | Implementation of 'askRqEnv' for arbitrary 'ServerMonad'.
smAskRqEnv :: (ServerMonad m, MonadIO m) => m ([(String, Input)], Maybe [(String, Input)], [(String, Cookie)])
smAskRqEnv = do
    rq  <- askRq
    mbi <- liftIO $ if (canHaveBody (rqMethod rq)) && (isDecodable (ctype rq))
      then readInputsBody rq
      else return (Just [])
    return (rqInputsQuery rq, mbi, rqCookies rq)
    where
        ctype :: Request -> Maybe ContentType
        ctype req = parseContentType . P.unpack =<< getHeader "content-type" req

        isDecodable :: Maybe ContentType -> Bool
        isDecodable Nothing                                                      = True -- assume it is application/x-www-form-urlencoded
        isDecodable (Just (ContentType "application" "x-www-form-urlencoded" _)) = True
        isDecodable (Just (ContentType "multipart" "form-data" _ps))             = True
        isDecodable (Just _)                                                     = False

-- | Implementation of 'localRqEnv' for arbitrary 'ServerMonad'.
smLocalRqEnv :: (ServerMonad m, MonadIO m) => (([(String, Input)], Maybe [(String, Input)], [(String, Cookie)]) -> ([(String, Input)], Maybe [(String, Input)], [(String, Cookie)])) -> m b -> m b
smLocalRqEnv f m = do
    rq <- askRq
    b  <- liftIO $ readInputsBody rq
    let (q', b', c') = f (rqInputsQuery rq, b, rqCookies rq)
    bv <- liftIO $ newMVar (fromMaybe [] b')
    let rq' = rq { rqInputsQuery = q'
                 , rqInputsBody = bv
                 , rqCookies = c'
                 }
    localRq (const rq') m

-------------------------------
-- HERE BEGINS WebT definitions

-- | A monoid operation container.  If @a@ is a monoid, then
-- 'SetAppend' is a monoid with the following behaviors:
--
-- >  Set    x `mappend` Append y = Set    (x `mappend` y)
-- >  Append x `mappend` Append y = Append (x `mappend` y)
-- >  _        `mappend` Set y    = Set y
--
-- A simple way of summarizing this is, if the right side is 'Append',
-- then the right is appended to the left.  If the right side is
-- 'Set', then the left side is ignored.

data SetAppend a = Set a | Append a
    deriving (Eq, Show)

instance Monoid a => SG.Semigroup (SetAppend a) where
   Set    x <> Append y = Set    (x `mappend` y)
   Append x <> Append y = Append (x `mappend` y)
   _        <> Set y    = Set y

instance Monoid a => Monoid (SetAppend a) where
   mempty  = Append mempty
   mappend = (SG.<>)

-- | Extract the value from a 'SetAppend'.
-- Note that a 'SetAppend' is actually a @CoPointed@ from:
-- <http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/category-extras/latest/doc/html/Control-Functor-Pointed.html>
-- But lets not drag in that dependency. yet...
extract :: SetAppend t -> t
extract (Set    x) = x
extract (Append x) = x

instance Functor (SetAppend) where
    fmap f (Set    x) = Set    $ f x
    fmap f (Append x) = Append $ f x

-- | 'FilterFun' is a lot more fun to type than @'SetAppend' ('Dual'
-- ('Endo' a))@.
type FilterFun a = SetAppend (Dual (Endo a))

unFilterFun :: FilterFun a -> (a -> a)
unFilterFun = appEndo . getDual . extract

-- | turn a function into a 'FilterFun'. Primarily used with 'mapServerPartT'
filterFun :: (a -> a) -> FilterFun a
filterFun = Set . Dual . Endo

newtype FilterT a m b = FilterT { unFilterT :: Lazy.WriterT (FilterFun a) m b }
   deriving (Functor, Applicative, Monad, MonadTrans)

instance MonadCatch m => MonadCatch (FilterT a m) where
    catch action handle = FilterT $ catch (unFilterT action) (unFilterT . handle)

instance MonadThrow m => MonadThrow (FilterT a m) where
    throwM = FilterT . throwM

instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (FilterT a m) where
    liftBase = lift . liftBase

instance (MonadIO m) => MonadIO (FilterT a m) where
    liftIO = FilterT . liftIO
    {-# INLINE liftIO #-}

#if MIN_VERSION_monad_control(1,0,0)
instance MonadTransControl (FilterT a) where
    type StT (FilterT a) b = StT (Lazy.WriterT (FilterFun a)) b
    liftWith f = FilterT $ liftWith $ \run -> f $ run . unFilterT
    restoreT = FilterT . restoreT

instance MonadBaseControl b m => MonadBaseControl b (FilterT a m) where
    type StM (FilterT a m) c = ComposeSt (FilterT a) m c
    liftBaseWith = defaultLiftBaseWith
    restoreM     = defaultRestoreM
#else
instance MonadTransControl (FilterT a) where
    newtype StT (FilterT a) b = StFilter {unStFilter :: StT (Lazy.WriterT (FilterFun a)) b}
    liftWith f = FilterT $ liftWith $ \run -> f $ liftM StFilter . run . unFilterT
    restoreT = FilterT . restoreT . liftM unStFilter

instance MonadBaseControl b m => MonadBaseControl b (FilterT a m) where
    newtype StM (FilterT a m) c = StMFilter {unStMFilter :: ComposeSt (FilterT a) m c}
    liftBaseWith = defaultLiftBaseWith StMFilter
    restoreM     = defaultRestoreM     unStMFilter
#endif

-- | A set of functions for manipulating filters.
--
-- 'ServerPartT' implements 'FilterMonad' 'Response' so these methods
-- are the fundamental ways of manipulating 'Response' values.
class Monad m => FilterMonad a m | m->a where
    -- | Ignores all previous alterations to your filter
    --
    -- As an example:
    --
    -- > do
    -- >   composeFilter f
    -- >   setFilter g
    -- >   return "Hello World"
    --
    -- The @'setFilter' g@ will cause the first @'composeFilter' f@ to
    -- be ignored.
    setFilter :: (a->a) -> m ()
    -- | Composes your filter function with the existing filter
    -- function.
    composeFilter :: (a->a) -> m ()
    -- | Retrieves the filter from the environment.
    getFilter :: m b -> m (b, a->a)

-- | Resets all your filters. An alias for @'setFilter' 'id'@.
ignoreFilters :: (FilterMonad a m) => m ()
ignoreFilters = setFilter id

instance (Monad m) => FilterMonad a (FilterT a m) where
    setFilter     = FilterT . tell                . Set    . Dual . Endo
    composeFilter = FilterT . tell                . Append . Dual . Endo
    getFilter     = FilterT . listens unFilterFun . unFilterT

-- | The basic 'Response' building object.
newtype WebT m a = WebT { unWebT :: ErrorT Response (FilterT (Response) (MaybeT m)) a }
    deriving (Functor)

instance MonadCatch m => MonadCatch (WebT m) where
    catch action handle = WebT $ catch (unWebT action) (unWebT . handle)

instance MonadThrow m => MonadThrow (WebT m) where
    throwM = WebT . throwM

instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (WebT m) where
    liftBase = lift . liftBase

instance (MonadIO m) => MonadIO (WebT m) where
    liftIO = WebT . liftIO
    {-# INLINE liftIO #-}

#if MIN_VERSION_monad_control(1,0,0)
instance MonadTransControl WebT where
    type StT WebT a = StT MaybeT
                       (StT (FilterT Response)
                        (StT (ErrorT Response) a))
    liftWith f = WebT $ liftWith $ \runError ->
                          liftWith $ \runFilter ->
                            liftWith $ \runMaybe ->
                              f $ runMaybe .
                                   runFilter .
                                    runError . unWebT
    restoreT = WebT . restoreT . restoreT . restoreT

instance MonadBaseControl b m => MonadBaseControl b (WebT m) where
    type StM (WebT m) a = ComposeSt WebT m a
    liftBaseWith = defaultLiftBaseWith
    restoreM     = defaultRestoreM
#else
instance MonadTransControl WebT where
    newtype StT WebT a = StWeb {unStWeb :: StT MaybeT
                                             (StT (FilterT Response)
                                               (StT (ErrorT Response) a))}
    liftWith f = WebT $ liftWith $ \runError ->
                          liftWith $ \runFilter ->
                            liftWith $ \runMaybe ->
                              f $ liftM StWeb . runMaybe .
                                                  runFilter .
                                                    runError . unWebT
    restoreT = WebT . restoreT . restoreT . restoreT . liftM unStWeb

instance MonadBaseControl b m => MonadBaseControl b (WebT m) where
    newtype StM (WebT m) a = StMWeb {unStMWeb :: ComposeSt WebT m a}
    liftBaseWith = defaultLiftBaseWith StMWeb
    restoreM     = defaultRestoreM     unStMWeb
#endif
-- | 'UnWebT' is almost exclusively used with 'mapServerPartT'. If you
-- are not using 'mapServerPartT' then you do not need to wrap your
-- head around this type. If you are -- the type is not as complex as
-- it first appears.
--
-- It is worth discussing the unpacked structure of 'WebT' a bit as
-- it's exposed in 'mapServerPartT' and 'mapWebT'.
--
--  A fully unpacked 'WebT' has a structure that looks like:
--
--  > ununWebT $ WebT m a :: m (Maybe (Either Response a, FilterFun Response))
--
--  So, ignoring @m@, as it is just the containing 'Monad', the
--  outermost layer is a 'Maybe'.  This is 'Nothing' if 'mzero' was
--  called or @'Just' ('Either' 'Response' a, 'SetAppend' ('Endo'
--  'Response'))@ if 'mzero' wasn't called.  Inside the 'Maybe', there
--  is a pair.  The second element of the pair is our filter function
--  @'FilterFun' 'Response'@.  @'FilterFun' 'Response'@ is a type
--  alias for @'SetAppend' ('Dual' ('Endo' 'Response'))@.  This is
--  just a wrapper for a @'Response' -> 'Response'@ function with a
--  particular 'Monoid' behavior.  The value
--
--  >  Append (Dual (Endo f))
--
--  Causes @f@ to be composed with the previous filter.
--
--  >  Set (Dual (Endo f))
--
--  Causes @f@ to not be composed with the previous filter.
--
--  Finally, the first element of the pair is either @'Left'
--  'Response'@ or @'Right' a@.
--
--  Another way of looking at all these pieces is from the behaviors
--  they control.  The 'Maybe' controls the 'mzero' behavior.  @'Set'
--  ('Endo' f)@ comes from the 'setFilter' behavior.  Likewise,
--  @'Append' ('Endo' f)@ is from 'composeFilter'.  @'Left'
--  'Response'@ is what you get when you call 'finishWith' and
--  @'Right' a@ is the normal exit.
--
--  An example case statement looks like:
--
--  >  ex1 webt = do
--  >    val <- ununWebT webt
--  >    case val of
--  >        Nothing -> Nothing  -- this is the interior value when mzero was used
--  >        Just (Left r, f) -> Just (Left r, f) -- r is the value that was passed into "finishWith"
--  >                                             -- f is our filter function
--  >        Just (Right a, f) -> Just (Right a, f) -- a is our normal monadic value
--  >                                               -- f is still our filter function
--
type UnWebT m a = m (Maybe (Either Response a, FilterFun Response))

instance Monad m => Monad (WebT m) where
    m >>= f = WebT $ unWebT m >>= unWebT . f
    {-# INLINE (>>=) #-}
    return a = WebT $ return a
    {-# INLINE return #-}
    fail s = lift (fail s)

-- | 'WebMonad' provides a means to end the current computation
-- and return a 'Response' immediately.  This provides an
-- alternate escape route.  In particular it has a monadic value
-- of any type.  And unless you call @'setFilter' 'id'@ first your
-- response filters will be applied normally.
--
-- Extremely useful when you're deep inside a monad and decide
-- that you want to return a completely different content type,
-- since it doesn't force you to convert all your return types to
-- 'Response' early just to accommodate this.
--
-- see also: 'escape' and 'escape''
class Monad m => WebMonad a m | m->a where
    -- abort the current computation and return a value
    finishWith :: a -- ^ value to return (For 'ServerPart', 'a' will always be the type 'Response')
               -> m b

-- | Used to ignore all your filters and immediately end the
-- computation.  A combination of 'ignoreFilters' and 'finishWith'.
escape :: (WebMonad a m, FilterMonad a m) => m a -> m b
escape gen = ignoreFilters >> gen >>= finishWith

-- | An alternate form of 'escape' that can be easily used within a do
-- block.
escape' :: (WebMonad a m, FilterMonad a m) => a -> m b
escape' a = ignoreFilters >> finishWith a


instance (Monad m) => WebMonad Response (WebT m) where
    finishWith r = WebT $ throwError r

instance MonadTrans WebT where
    lift = WebT . lift . lift . lift

instance (Monad m, MonadPlus m) => MonadPlus (WebT m) where
    -- | Aborts a computation.
    --
    -- This is primarily useful because 'msum' will take an array of
    -- 'MonadPlus' and return the first one that isn't 'mzero', which
    -- is exactly the semantics expected from objects that take lists
    -- of 'ServerPartT'.
    mzero = WebT $ lift $ lift $ mzero
    mplus x y =  WebT $ ErrorT $ FilterT $ (lower x) `mplus` (lower y)
        where lower = (unFilterT . runErrorT . unWebT)

instance (Monad m) => FilterMonad Response (WebT m) where
    setFilter f = WebT $ lift $ setFilter $ f
    composeFilter f = WebT . lift . composeFilter $ f
    getFilter     m = WebT $ ErrorT $ liftM lft $ getFilter (runErrorT $ unWebT m)
        where
          lft (Left  r, _) = Left r
          lft (Right a, f) = Right (a, f)

instance (Monad m, MonadPlus m) => SG.Semigroup (WebT m a) where
    (<>) = mplus

instance (Monad m, MonadPlus m) => Monoid (WebT m a) where
    mempty  = mzero
    mappend = (SG.<>)

-- | For when you really need to unpack a 'WebT' entirely (and not
-- just unwrap the first layer with 'unWebT').
ununWebT :: WebT m a -> UnWebT m a
ununWebT = runMaybeT . Lazy.runWriterT . unFilterT . runErrorT . unWebT

-- | For wrapping a 'WebT' back up.  @'mkWebT' . 'ununWebT' = 'id'@
mkWebT :: UnWebT m a -> WebT m a
mkWebT = WebT . ErrorT . FilterT . Lazy.WriterT . MaybeT

-- | See 'mapServerPartT' for a discussion of this function.
mapWebT :: (UnWebT m a -> UnWebT n b)
        -> (  WebT m a ->   WebT n b)
mapWebT f ma = mkWebT $ f (ununWebT ma)

-- | This is kinda like a very oddly shaped 'mapServerPartT' or 'mapWebT'.
-- You probably want one or the other of those.
localContext :: Monad m => (WebT m a -> WebT m' a) -> ServerPartT m a -> ServerPartT m' a
localContext fn hs
    = withRequest $ \rq -> fn (runServerPartT hs rq)

instance (Monad m, Functor m) => Applicative (WebT m) where
    pure = return
    (<*>) = ap

instance (Functor m, MonadPlus m) => Alternative (WebT m) where
    empty = mzero
    (<|>) = mplus

instance MonadReader r m => MonadReader r (WebT m) where
    ask = lift ask
    local fn m = mkWebT $ local fn (ununWebT m)

instance MonadState st m => MonadState st (WebT m) where
    get = lift get
    put = lift . put

instance MonadError e m => MonadError e (WebT m) where
        throwError err = lift $ throwError err
        catchError action handler = mkWebT $ catchError (ununWebT action) (ununWebT . handler)

instance MonadWriter w m => MonadWriter w (WebT m) where
    tell = lift . tell
    listen m = mkWebT $ Writer.listen (ununWebT m) >>= (return . liftWebT)
        where liftWebT (Nothing, _) = Nothing
              liftWebT (Just (Left x,f), _) = Just (Left x,f)
              liftWebT (Just (Right x,f),w) = Just (Right (x,w),f)
    pass m = mkWebT $ ununWebT m >>= liftWebT
        where liftWebT Nothing = return Nothing
              liftWebT (Just (Left x,f)) = return $ Just (Left x, f)
              liftWebT (Just (Right x,f)) = pass (return x)>>= (\a -> return $ Just (Right a,f))

-- | Deprecated: use 'msum'.
multi :: (Monad m, MonadPlus m) => [ServerPartT m a] -> ServerPartT m a
multi = msum
{-# DEPRECATED multi "Use msum instead" #-}

-- | What is this for, exactly?  I don't understand why @Show a@ is
-- even in the context Deprecated: This function appears to do nothing
-- at all. If it use it, let us know why.
debugFilter :: (MonadIO m, Show a) => ServerPartT m a -> ServerPartT m a
debugFilter handle =
    withRequest $ \rq -> do
                    r <- runServerPartT handle rq
                    return r
{-# DEPRECATED debugFilter "This function appears to do nothing." #-}


-- "Pattern match failure in do expression at src\AppControl.hs:43:24"
-- is converted to:
-- "src\AppControl.hs:43:24: Pattern match failure in do expression"
-- Then we output this to stderr. Help debugging under Emacs console when using GHCi.
-- This is GHC specific, but you may add your favourite compiler here also.
outputTraceMessage :: String -> a -> a
outputTraceMessage s c | "Pattern match failure " `isPrefixOf` s =
    let w = [(k,p) | (i,p) <- zip (tails s) (inits s), Just k <- [stripPrefix " at " i]]
        v = concatMap (\(k,p) -> k ++ ": " ++ p) w
    in trace v c
outputTraceMessage s c = trace s c


mkFailMessage :: (FilterMonad Response m, WebMonad Response m) => String -> m b
mkFailMessage s = do
    ignoreFilters
    finishWith (failResponse s)

failResponse :: String -> Response
failResponse s =
    setHeader "Content-Type" "text/html; charset=UTF-8" $
     resultBS 500 (LU.fromString (failHtml s))

failHtml:: String->String
failHtml errString =
   "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\">"
    ++ "<html><head><title>Happstack "
    ++ ver ++ " Internal Server Error</title></head>"
    ++ "<body><h1>Happstack " ++ ver ++ "</h1>"
    ++ "<p>Something went wrong here<br>"
    ++ "Internal server error<br>"
    ++ "Everything has stopped</p>"
    ++ "<p>The error was \"" ++ (escapeString errString) ++ "\"</p></body></html>"
    where ver = DV.showVersion Cabal.version

escapeString :: String -> String
escapeString str = concatMap encodeEntity str
    where
      encodeEntity :: Char -> String
      encodeEntity '<' = "&lt;"
      encodeEntity '>' = "&gt;"
      encodeEntity '&' = "&amp;"
      encodeEntity '"' = "&quot;"
      encodeEntity c
          | ord c > 127 = "&#" ++ show (ord c) ++ ";"
          | otherwise = [c]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- ServerMonad, FilterMonad, and WebMonad instances for ReaderT, StateT,
-- WriterT, RWST, and ErrorT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- ReaderT

instance (ServerMonad m) => ServerMonad (ReaderT r m) where
    askRq         = lift askRq
    localRq f     = mapReaderT (localRq f)

instance (FilterMonad res m) => FilterMonad res (ReaderT r m) where
    setFilter f   = lift $ setFilter f
    composeFilter = lift . composeFilter
    getFilter     = mapReaderT getFilter

instance (WebMonad a m) => WebMonad a (ReaderT r m) where
    finishWith    = lift . finishWith

-- StateT

instance (ServerMonad m) => ServerMonad (Lazy.StateT s m) where
    askRq         = lift askRq
    localRq f     = Lazy.mapStateT (localRq f)

instance (ServerMonad m) => ServerMonad (Strict.StateT s m) where
    askRq         = lift askRq
    localRq f     = Strict.mapStateT (localRq f)

instance (FilterMonad res m) => FilterMonad res (Lazy.StateT s m) where
    setFilter f   = lift $ setFilter f
    composeFilter = lift . composeFilter
    getFilter   m = Lazy.mapStateT (\m' ->
                                   do ((b,s), f) <- getFilter m'
                                      return ((b, f), s)) m

instance (FilterMonad res m) => FilterMonad res (Strict.StateT s m) where
    setFilter f   = lift $ setFilter f
    composeFilter = lift . composeFilter
    getFilter   m = Strict.mapStateT (\m' ->
                                   do ((b,s), f) <- getFilter m'
                                      return ((b, f), s)) m

instance (WebMonad a m) => WebMonad a (Lazy.StateT s m) where
    finishWith    = lift . finishWith

instance (WebMonad a m) => WebMonad a (Strict.StateT s m) where
    finishWith    = lift . finishWith

-- WriterT

instance (ServerMonad m, Monoid w) => ServerMonad (Lazy.WriterT w m) where
    askRq         = lift askRq
    localRq f     = Lazy.mapWriterT (localRq f)

instance (ServerMonad m, Monoid w) => ServerMonad (Strict.WriterT w m) where
    askRq         = lift askRq
    localRq f     = Strict.mapWriterT (localRq f)

instance (FilterMonad res m, Monoid w) => FilterMonad res (Lazy.WriterT w m) where
    setFilter f   = lift $ setFilter f
    composeFilter = lift . composeFilter
    getFilter   m = Lazy.mapWriterT (\m' ->
                                   do ((b,w), f) <- getFilter m'
                                      return ((b, f), w)) m

instance (FilterMonad res m, Monoid w) => FilterMonad res (Strict.WriterT w m) where
    setFilter f   = lift $ setFilter f
    composeFilter = lift . composeFilter
    getFilter   m = Strict.mapWriterT (\m' ->
                                   do ((b,w), f) <- getFilter m'
                                      return ((b, f), w)) m

instance (WebMonad a m, Monoid w) => WebMonad a (Lazy.WriterT w m) where
    finishWith    = lift . finishWith

instance (WebMonad a m, Monoid w) => WebMonad a (Strict.WriterT w m) where
    finishWith    = lift . finishWith

-- RWST

instance (ServerMonad m, Monoid w) => ServerMonad (Lazy.RWST r w s m) where
    askRq         = lift askRq
    localRq f     = Lazy.mapRWST (localRq f)

instance (ServerMonad m, Monoid w) => ServerMonad (Strict.RWST r w s m) where
    askRq         = lift askRq
    localRq f     = Strict.mapRWST (localRq f)

instance (FilterMonad res m, Monoid w) => FilterMonad res (Lazy.RWST r w s m) where
    setFilter f   = lift $ setFilter f
    composeFilter = lift . composeFilter
    getFilter   m = Lazy.mapRWST (\m' ->
                                   do ((b,s,w), f) <- getFilter m'
                                      return ((b, f), s, w)) m

instance (FilterMonad res m, Monoid w) => FilterMonad res (Strict.RWST r w s m) where
    setFilter f   = lift $ setFilter f
    composeFilter = lift . composeFilter
    getFilter   m = Strict.mapRWST (\m' ->
                                   do ((b,s,w), f) <- getFilter m'
                                      return ((b, f), s, w)) m

instance (WebMonad a m, Monoid w) => WebMonad a (Lazy.RWST r w s m) where
    finishWith     = lift . finishWith

instance (WebMonad a m, Monoid w) => WebMonad a (Strict.RWST r w s m) where
    finishWith     = lift . finishWith

-- ErrorT

instance (Error e, ServerMonad m) => ServerMonad (ErrorT e m) where
    askRq     = lift askRq
    localRq f = mapErrorT $ localRq f

instance (Error e, FilterMonad a m) => FilterMonad a (ErrorT e m) where
    setFilter f   = lift $ setFilter f
    composeFilter = lift . composeFilter
    getFilter m = mapErrorT (\m' ->
                                 do (eb, f) <- getFilter m'
                                    case eb of
                                      (Left e)  -> return (Left e)
                                      (Right b) -> return $ Right (b, f)
                  ) m

instance (Error e, WebMonad a m) => WebMonad a (ErrorT e m) where
    finishWith    = lift . finishWith

-- ExceptT

instance ServerMonad m => ServerMonad (ExceptT e m) where
    askRq     = lift askRq
    localRq f = mapExceptT $ localRq f

instance (FilterMonad a m) => FilterMonad a (ExceptT e m) where
    setFilter f   = lift $ setFilter f
    composeFilter = lift . composeFilter
    getFilter m = mapExceptT (\m' ->
                                 do (eb, f) <- getFilter m'
                                    case eb of
                                      (Left e)  -> return (Left e)
                                      (Right b) -> return $ Right (b, f)
                  ) m

instance WebMonad a m => WebMonad a (ExceptT e m) where
    finishWith    = lift . finishWith

escapeHTTP :: (ServerMonad m, MonadIO m) =>
              (TimeoutIO -> IO ())
           -> m a
escapeHTTP h = liftIO (throwIO (EscapeHTTP h))