{-# LANGUAGE DeriveTraversable #-} {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-} {-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-} {-# LANGUAGE CPP #-} -- | -- -- = Simpler API -- -- The API below is rather low-level. The @Network.HTTP.Simple@ module (from -- the @http-conduit@ package) provides a higher-level API with built-in -- support for things like JSON request and response bodies. For most users, -- this will be an easier place to start. You can read the tutorial at: -- -- https://haskell-lang.org/library/http-client -- -- = Lower-level API -- -- This is the main entry point for using http-client. Used by itself, this -- module provides low-level access for streaming request and response bodies, -- and only non-secure HTTP connections. Helper packages such as http-conduit -- provide higher level streaming approaches, while other helper packages like -- http-client-tls provide secure connections. -- -- There are three core components to be understood here: requests, responses, -- and managers. A 'Manager' keeps track of open connections to various hosts, -- and when requested, will provide either an existing open connection or -- create a new connection on demand. A 'Manager' also automatically reaps -- connections which have been unused for a certain period of time. A 'Manager' -- allows for more efficient HTTP usage by allowing for keep-alive connections. -- Secure HTTP connections can be allowed by modifying the settings used for -- creating a manager. The simplest way to create a 'Manager' is with: -- -- @ -- 'newManager' 'defaultManagerSettings' -- @ -- -- While generally speaking it is a good idea to share a single 'Manager' -- throughout your application, there are cases where it makes more sense to -- create and destroy 'Manager's more frequently. As an example, if you have an -- application which will make a large number of requests to different hosts, -- and will never make more than one connection to a single host, then sharing -- a 'Manager' will result in idle connections being kept open longer than -- necessary. In such a situation, it makes sense to use 'newManager' before -- each new request, to avoid running out of file descriptors. (Note that the -- 'managerIdleConnectionCount' setting mitigates the risk of leaking too many -- file descriptors.) -- -- The next core component is a 'Request', which represents a single HTTP -- request to be sent to a specific server. 'Request's allow for many settings -- to control exact how they function, but usually the simplest approach for -- creating a 'Request' is to use 'parseRequest'. -- -- Finally, a 'Response' is the result of sending a single 'Request' to a -- server, over a connection which was acquired from a 'Manager'. Note that you -- must close the response when you're done with it to ensure that the -- connection is recycled to the 'Manager' to either be used by another -- request, or to be reaped. Usage of 'withResponse' will ensure that this -- happens automatically. -- -- Helper packages may provide replacements for various recommendations listed -- above. For example, if using http-client-tls, instead of using -- 'defaultManagerSettings', you would want to use 'tlsManagerSettings'. Be -- sure to read the relevant helper library documentation for more information. -- -- A note on exceptions: for the most part, all actions that perform I/O should -- be assumed to throw an 'HttpException' in the event of some problem, and all -- pure functions will be total. For example, 'withResponse', 'httpLbs', and -- 'BodyReader' can all throw exceptions. Functions like 'responseStatus' and -- 'applyBasicAuth' are guaranteed to be total (or there's a bug in the -- library). -- -- One thing to be cautioned about: the type of 'parseRequest' allows it to work in -- different monads. If used in the 'IO' monad, it will throw an exception in -- the case of an invalid URI. In addition, if you leverage the @IsString@ -- instance of the 'Request' value via @OverloadedStrings@, an invalid URI will -- result in a partial value. Caveat emptor! module Network.HTTP.Client ( -- $example1 -- * Performing requests withResponse , httpLbs , httpNoBody , responseOpen , responseClose -- ** Tracking redirect history , withResponseHistory , responseOpenHistory , HistoriedResponse , hrRedirects , hrFinalRequest , hrFinalResponse -- * Connection manager , Manager , newManager , closeManager , withManager , HasHttpManager(..) -- ** Connection manager settings , ManagerSettings , defaultManagerSettings , managerConnCount , managerRawConnection , managerTlsConnection , managerResponseTimeout , managerRetryableException , managerWrapException , managerIdleConnectionCount , managerModifyRequest , managerModifyResponse -- *** Manager proxy settings , managerSetProxy , managerSetInsecureProxy , managerSetSecureProxy , ProxyOverride , proxyFromRequest , noProxy , useProxy , proxyEnvironment , proxyEnvironmentNamed , defaultProxy -- *** Response timeouts , ResponseTimeout , responseTimeoutMicro , responseTimeoutNone , responseTimeoutDefault -- *** Helpers , rawConnectionModifySocket , rawConnectionModifySocketSize -- * Request -- $parsing-request , parseUrl , parseUrlThrow , parseRequest , parseRequest_ , requestFromURI , requestFromURI_ , defaultRequest , applyBasicAuth , urlEncodedBody , getUri , setRequestIgnoreStatus , setRequestCheckStatus , setQueryString #if MIN_VERSION_http_types(0,12,1) , setQueryStringPartialEscape #endif -- ** Request type and fields , Request , method , secure , host , port , path , queryString , requestHeaders , requestBody , proxy , applyBasicProxyAuth , decompress , redirectCount , shouldStripHeaderOnRedirect , checkResponse , responseTimeout , cookieJar , requestVersion -- ** Request body , RequestBody (..) , Popper , NeedsPopper , GivesPopper , streamFile , observedStreamFile , StreamFileStatus (..) -- * Response , Response , responseStatus , responseVersion , responseHeaders , responseBody , responseCookieJar , throwErrorStatusCodes -- ** Response body , BodyReader , brRead , brReadSome , brConsume -- * Advanced connection creation , makeConnection , socketConnection -- * Misc , HttpException (..) , HttpExceptionContent (..) , Cookie (..) , CookieJar , Proxy (..) , withConnection -- * Cookies , module Network.HTTP.Client.Cookies ) where import Network.HTTP.Client.Body import Network.HTTP.Client.Connection (makeConnection, socketConnection) import Network.HTTP.Client.Cookies import Network.HTTP.Client.Core import Network.HTTP.Client.Manager import Network.HTTP.Client.Request import Network.HTTP.Client.Response import Network.HTTP.Client.Types import Data.IORef (newIORef, writeIORef, readIORef, modifyIORef) import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L import Data.Foldable (Foldable) import Data.Monoid import Data.Traversable (Traversable) import Network.HTTP.Types (statusCode) import GHC.Generics (Generic) import Data.Typeable (Typeable) import Control.Exception (bracket, handle, throwIO) -- | A datatype holding information on redirected requests and the final response. -- -- Since 0.4.1 data HistoriedResponse body = HistoriedResponse { hrRedirects :: [(Request, Response L.ByteString)] -- ^ Requests which resulted in a redirect, together with their responses. -- The response contains the first 1024 bytes of the body. -- -- Since 0.4.1 , hrFinalRequest :: Request -- ^ The final request performed. -- -- Since 0.4.1 , hrFinalResponse :: Response body -- ^ The response from the final request. -- -- Since 0.4.1 } deriving (Functor, Data.Traversable.Traversable, Data.Foldable.Foldable, Show, Typeable, Generic) -- | A variant of @responseOpen@ which keeps a history of all redirects -- performed in the interim, together with the first 1024 bytes of their -- response bodies. -- -- Since 0.4.1 responseOpenHistory :: Request -> Manager -> IO (HistoriedResponse BodyReader) responseOpenHistory reqOrig man0 = handle (throwIO . toHttpException reqOrig) $ do reqRef <- newIORef reqOrig historyRef <- newIORef id let go req0 = do (man, req) <- getModifiedRequestManager man0 req0 (req', res') <- httpRaw' req man let res = res' { responseBody = handle (throwIO . toHttpException req0) (responseBody res') } case getRedirectedRequest req' (responseHeaders res) (responseCookieJar res) (statusCode $ responseStatus res) of Nothing -> return (res, req', False) Just req'' -> do writeIORef reqRef req'' body <- brReadSome (responseBody res) 1024 modifyIORef historyRef (. ((req, res { responseBody = body }):)) return (res, req'', True) (_, res) <- httpRedirect' (redirectCount reqOrig) go reqOrig reqFinal <- readIORef reqRef history <- readIORef historyRef return HistoriedResponse { hrRedirects = history [] , hrFinalRequest = reqFinal , hrFinalResponse = res } -- | A variant of @withResponse@ which keeps a history of all redirects -- performed in the interim, together with the first 1024 bytes of their -- response bodies. -- -- Since 0.4.1 withResponseHistory :: Request -> Manager -> (HistoriedResponse BodyReader -> IO a) -> IO a withResponseHistory req man = bracket (responseOpenHistory req man) (responseClose . hrFinalResponse) -- | Set the proxy override value, only for HTTP (insecure) connections. -- -- Since 0.4.7 managerSetInsecureProxy :: ProxyOverride -> ManagerSettings -> ManagerSettings managerSetInsecureProxy po m = m { managerProxyInsecure = po } -- | Set the proxy override value, only for HTTPS (secure) connections. -- -- Since 0.4.7 managerSetSecureProxy :: ProxyOverride -> ManagerSettings -> ManagerSettings managerSetSecureProxy po m = m { managerProxySecure = po } -- | Set the proxy override value, for both HTTP (insecure) and HTTPS -- (insecure) connections. -- -- Since 0.4.7 managerSetProxy :: ProxyOverride -> ManagerSettings -> ManagerSettings managerSetProxy po = managerSetInsecureProxy po . managerSetSecureProxy po -- $example1 -- = Example Usage -- -- === Making a GET request -- -- > import Network.HTTP.Client -- > import Network.HTTP.Types.Status (statusCode) -- > -- > main :: IO () -- > main = do -- > manager <- newManager defaultManagerSettings -- > -- > request <- parseRequest "http://httpbin.org/get" -- > response <- httpLbs request manager -- > -- > putStrLn $ "The status code was: " ++ (show $ statusCode $ responseStatus response) -- > print $ responseBody response -- -- -- === Posting JSON to a server -- -- > {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} -- > import Network.HTTP.Client -- > import Network.HTTP.Types.Status (statusCode) -- > import Data.Aeson (object, (.=), encode) -- > import Data.Text (Text) -- > -- > main :: IO () -- > main = do -- > manager <- newManager defaultManagerSettings -- > -- > -- Create the request -- > let requestObject = object ["name" .= "Michael", "age" .= 30] -- > let requestObject = object -- > [ "name" .= ("Michael" :: Text) -- > , "age" .= (30 :: Int) -- > ] -- > -- > initialRequest <- parseRequest "http://httpbin.org/post" -- > let request = initialRequest { method = "POST", requestBody = RequestBodyLBS $ encode requestObject } -- > -- > response <- httpLbs request manager -- > putStrLn $ "The status code was: " ++ (show $ statusCode $ responseStatus response) -- > print $ responseBody response -- -- | Specify a response timeout in microseconds -- -- @since 0.5.0 responseTimeoutMicro :: Int -> ResponseTimeout responseTimeoutMicro = ResponseTimeoutMicro -- | Do not have a response timeout -- -- @since 0.5.0 responseTimeoutNone :: ResponseTimeout responseTimeoutNone = ResponseTimeoutNone -- | Use the default response timeout -- -- When used on a 'Request', means: use the manager's timeout value -- -- When used on a 'ManagerSettings', means: default to 30 seconds -- -- @since 0.5.0 responseTimeoutDefault :: ResponseTimeout responseTimeoutDefault = ResponseTimeoutDefault -- $parsing-request -- -- The way you parse string of characters to construct a 'Request' will -- determine whether exceptions will be thrown on non-2XX response status -- codes. This is because the behavior is controlled by a setting in -- 'Request' itself (see 'checkResponse') and different parsing functions -- set it to different 'IO' actions.