## HWhile
HWhile is an interpreter for a simple While language originally used by Neil
Jones in his book “Computability and Complexity". The While language is a simple
imperative programming language with while-loops, assignment and conditionals.
It has a single data type: binary trees. The HWhile interpreter is written in
Haskell.

This current implementation also includes syntactic sugar such as switch
statements, macros, list notation, equality, and natural number literals. It
therefore supports (almost fully) the version of While used in Bernhard Reus’
textbook [Limits of Computation - From a Programming Perspective](http:limits.bernhardreus.com)
and has been developed in co-operation with Bernhard to support students on the
corresponding module at Sussex University.
This version also allows one to translate while programs into programs as data.
For this to work,  all the syntax sugar (extensions) of a While program has to
be removed again.

More about the syntax and the semantics (and usage) of the While language can be
found in Bernhard’s textbook (Chapter 3-5).

### Syntax
The grammar below gives exactly the concrete syntax of this implementation:

    PROG  ::= ID read ID BLOCK write ID
    
    BLOCK ::= { CMDS }
            | {}

    CMDS  ::= CMD ; CMD
            | CMD

    CMD   ::= ID := EXP                     // Assignment
            | while EXP BLOCK               // While loops
            | if EXP BLOCK else BLOCK       // If-then-else statements
            | if EXP BLOCK                  // If-then statements
            | ID := <ID> EXP                // Macro calls
            | switch EXP { CASES            // Switch statements

    CASES ::= case EXP : CMDS CASES
            | default : CMDS }
            | }

    EXP   ::= LIT
            | cons EXP EXP
            | hd EXP
            | tl EXP
            | (EXP)
            | EXP = EXP
            | ID
            | []
            | [ EXP LIST

    LIST  ::= , EXP LIST
            | ]
          
    LIT   ::= nil
            | true
            | false
            | <LIT.LIT>
            | NAT
            | @asgn
            | @:=
            | @doAsgn
            | @while
            | @doWhile
            | @if
            | @doIf
            | @var
            | @quote
            | @hd
            | @doHd
            | @tl
            | @doTl
            | @cons
            | @doCons
          
    NAT   ::= 0|[1-9][0-9]+
          
    ID    ::= [a-zA-Z_'][a-zA-Z0-9_']*

Command line input must conform to the following grammar:

    INP    ::= nil
            | true
            | false
            | <LIT.LIT>
            | NAT
            | []
            | [ INP INPLST
            | @asgn
            | @:=
            | @doAsgn
            | @while
            | @doWhile
            | @if
            | @doIf
            | @var
            | @quote
            | @hd
            | @doHd
            | @tl
            | @doTl
            | @cons
            | @doCons

    INPLST ::= , INP INPLST
            | ]

### Instructions

#### Installing Prerequisites
All the tools required to compile and run HWhile are included in the 
[Haskell Platform](http://www.haskell.org/platform/).

Note that you may need to add the Haskell Platform's binaries to your system's
path variable.

#### Installing HWhile
Once the Haskell Platform is installed and configured correctly, you can install
HWhile by running:

    stack install hwhile

This will download HWhile and its depenencies (if necessary) and compile and
install them.

#### Invocation
If installed correctly, HWhile can be run with the command:

    hwhile <FLAG> <FILE> <EXPR>        ( Mac & Linux )
    hwhile.exe <FLAG> <FILE> <EXPR>    ( Windows     )

For example:

    hwhile -i examples/count.while "[1, 2, 3]"         ( Mac & Linux )
    hwhile.exe -i examples/count.while "[1, 2, 3]"     ( Windows     )

This example takes a list of numbers as its argument and outputs their sum, so
you should see `6` as the output.