bF      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDESafe FGHIJKLMNOPQRGMNOPQR FGHIJKLMNOPQR(c) Daniel Mendler 2016-2017MITmail@daniel-mendler.de experimentalportable Trustworthy*DThe u function outputs the trace message given as its first argument, before returning the second argument as its result.'For example, this returns the value of f x but first outputs the message. -trace ("calling f with x = " ++ show x) (f x)The  function should only be used for debugging, or for monitoring execution. The function is not referentially transparent: its type indicates that it is a pure function but it has the side effect of outputting the trace message.Like $ but returning unit in an arbitrary 64 context. Allows for convenient use in do-notation.Note that the application of  is not an action in the 6 context, as  is in the I type. While the fresh bindings in the following example will force the + expressions to be reduced every time the do-block is executed, traceM "not crashed"_ would only be reduced once, and the message would only be printed once. If your monad is in , traceIO may be a better option. T... = do x <- ... traceM $ "x: " ++ show x y <- ... traceM $ "y: " ++ show yLike  , but uses show$ on the argument to convert it to a String.This makes it convenient for printing the values of interesting variables or expressions inside a function. For example here we print the value of the variables x and z: Af x y = traceShow (x, z) $ result where z = ... ...Like  , but uses show$ on the argument to convert it to a String. D... = do x <- ... traceShowM $ x y <- ... traceShowM $ x + yThe s function outputs the trace message from the IO monad. This sequences the output with respect to other IO actions.~SST(c) Daniel Mendler 2017MITmail@daniel-mendler.de experimentalportableSafe 23459:;<= 9Newtype wrapper for a string which was decoded leniently.#,Encode and decode strings as a byte sequence & . $ "a Just % . $ "a U $"Encode a string as a byte sequence%!Lenient decoding of byte sequenceYLenient means that invalid characters are replaced by the Unicode replacement character '\FFFD'.&Decode byte sequence&If the decoding fails, return Nothing.'+Conversion of strings to other string types (( :: b -> a) . (( :: a -> b) "a (U :: a -> a) (( :: b -> G a) . (( :: a -> b) "a (Just :: a -> G a) (( :: b ->   a) . (( :: a -> b) "a (  :: a ->   a) ('Convert a string to another string typeT !"#$%&'(VWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~  !"#$&%'(N !"#$%&'(VWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~(c) Daniel Mendler 2016-2017MITmail@daniel-mendler.de experimentalportableSafe:DR)Alias for lazy *Alias for lazy + Convert from 7 to an  type.,Convert between two different 2 types. This function can be used instead of the S& function originally provided by the  class.-A synonym for . map = .7Convert a value to a readable string type supported by ' using the 1 instance./Convert a value to a readable  using the 1 instance.0Convert a value to a readable i using the 1 instance.1Parse a string type using the -: instance. Succeeds if there is exactly one valid result.2The 2 function outputs a value of any printable type to the standard output device. Printable types are those that are instances of class 1; 22 converts values to strings for output using the . operation and adds a newline.aFor example, a program to print the first 20 integers and their powers of 2 could be written as: (main = print ([(n, 2^n) | n <- [0..19]])Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.3The 3. operation returns all user input as a strict .Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.47Read a line from the standard input device as a strict .Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.50Read a character from the standard input device.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.6Write a strict  to the standard output device.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.7 The same as 6, but adds a newline character.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.80Write a character to the standard output device.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.9$Read an entire file strictly into a .Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.:Write a  to a file.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.; Append a  to a file.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.<$Read an entire file strictly into a 3 using UTF-8 encoding. The decoding is done using %H. Invalid characters are replaced by the Unicode replacement character '\FFFD'.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.=Write a  to a file using UTF-8 encoding.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.> Append a  to a file using UTF-8 encoding.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.?1Throw an undefined error. Use only for debugging.@ lifted to 6AECompose functions with one argument with function with two arguments.f .: g = \x y -> f (g x y).BAn infix form of J with arguments flipped.C() lifted to an 6. skip = ! ()DuThrow an unhandled error to terminate the program in case of a logic error at runtime. Use this function instead of ". A stack trace will be provided.0In general, prefer total functions. You can use G, Q,  or  for error handling.EMonad fail function from the 4 class.When a value is bound in do1-notation, the pattern on the left hand side of <-K might not match. In this case, this class provides a function to recover.A Monad without a  MonadFail instance may only be used in conjunction with pattern that always match, such as newtypes, tuples, data types with only a single data constructor, and irrefutable patterns (~pat). Instances of  MonadFail# should satisfy the following law: fail s should be a left zero for >>=, fail s >>= f = fail s If your Monad is also  MonadPlus, a popular definition is fail _ = mzero )*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEF~#32$4 %j&',+ (*)('&%)*`+UTSR,kpqlrs-./010/.-123456! "a789:;ih<=TW>?@ABCDEFGUVHZ\[IJKLMNOPQXYRS]^_`abcdgfelkjonmrqputsxwvyz{}|      !"#$56789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQVWXYZ[\]^_ecdbhgfimnotuwvxyz{|}~      !"#$&%'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEKZYXAWV=TWmnoGUVIJBLKHM~,+<?AE:DC;GF=>@B65987}|zyPONQXY>i*)5'(#$%& !"FABCDELMNOP@?IJ$#"+UTSRQ.(*)('&%! ',+ &010/.-/     1`d./0-_c1%j]a,kplqrs^bHZ[\$4 #32;ihrqputslkjonmxwv<*`-gfe786! 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