!fK      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJ(c) Daniel Mendler 2017MITmail@daniel-mendler.de experimentalportableSafe 4567=>?@A*"!intro9Newtype wrapper for a string which was decoded leniently.$intro,Encode and decode strings as a byte sequence ' . % "a Just & . % "a K %intro"Encode a string as a byte sequence&intro!Lenient decoding of byte sequenceYLenient means that invalid characters are replaced by the Unicode replacement character '\FFFD'.'introDecode byte sequence&If the decoding fails, return Nothing.(intro+Conversion of strings to other string types () :: b -> a) . () :: a -> b) "a (K :: a -> a) () :: b -> H a) . () :: a -> b) "a (Just :: a -> H a) () :: b -> ! a) . () :: a -> b) "a (! :: a -> ! a) )intro'Convert a string to another string type !"#$%'&()(c) Daniel Mendler 2016-2017MITmail@daniel-mendler.de experimentalportable Trustworthy,HG*introThe *u function outputs the trace message given as its first argument, before returning the second argument as its result.'For example, this returns the value of f x but first outputs the message. -trace ("calling f with x = " ++ show x) (f x)The * function should only be used for debugging, or for monitoring execution. The function is not referentially transparent: its type indicates that it is a pure function but it has the side effect of outputting the trace message.+introLike *$ but returning unit in an arbitrary 64 context. Allows for convenient use in do-notation.Note that the application of + is not an action in the 6 context, as . is in the I type. While the fresh bindings in the following example will force the ++ expressions to be reduced every time the do-block is executed, traceM "not crashed"_ would only be reduced once, and the message would only be printed once. If your monad is in , traceIO may be a better option. T... = do x <- ... traceM $ "x: " ++ show x y <- ... traceM $ "y: " ++ show y,introLike * , but uses show$ on the argument to convert it to a String.This makes it convenient for printing the values of interesting variables or expressions inside a function. For example here we print the value of the variables x and z: Af x y = traceShow (x, z) $ result where z = ... ...-introLike + , but uses show$ on the argument to convert it to a String. D... = do x <- ... traceShowM $ x y <- ... traceShowM $ x + y.introThe .s function outputs the trace message from the IO monad. This sequences the output with respect to other IO actions./introLike ,6 but returns the shown value instead of a third value.0introLike *2 but returns the message instead of a third value.nLT}*+,-./0(c) Daniel Mendler 2016-2017MITmail@daniel-mendler.de experimentalportableSafe>HVz1introAlias for lazy M2introAlias for lazy N3intro Convert from 7 to an  type.4introConvert between two different 2 types. This function can be used instead of the L& function originally provided by the  class.5introA synonym for O. map = O6intro7Convert a value to a readable string type supported by ( using the 1 instance.7introConvert a value to a readable  using the 1 instance.8introConvert a value to a readable | using the 1 instance.9introParse a string type using the -: instance. Succeeds if there is exactly one valid result.:introThe : function outputs a value of any printable type to the standard output device. Printable types are those that are instances of class 1; :2 converts values to strings for output using the 6 operation and adds a newline.aFor example, a program to print the first 20 integers and their powers of 2 could be written as: (main = print ([(n, 2^n) | n <- [0..19]])Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.;introWrite a strict  to the standard output device.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.<intro The same as ;, but adds a newline character.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.=intro0Write a character to the standard output device.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.>intro$Read an entire file strictly into a .Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.?introWrite a  to a file.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.@intro Append a  to a file.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.Aintro$Read an entire file strictly into a 3 using UTF-8 encoding. The decoding is done using &H. Invalid characters are replaced by the Unicode replacement character '\FFFD'.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.BintroWrite a  to a file using UTF-8 encoding.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.Cintro Append a  to a file using UTF-8 encoding.Note!: This function is lifted to the  class.Dintro1Throw an undefined error. Use only for debugging.Eintro lifted to 6FintroECompose functions with one argument with function with two arguments.f .: g = \x y -> f (g x y).GintroAn infix form of [ with arguments flipped.Hintro() lifted to an 6. skip = ! ()IintrouThrow an unhandled error to terminate the program in case of a logic error at runtime. Use this function instead of P". A stack trace will be provided.0In general, prefer total functions. You can use H, R,  or  for error handling.JintroMonad fail function from the 4 class.When a value is bound in do1-notation, the pattern on the left hand side of <-K might not match. In this case, this class provides a function to recover.A Monad without a  MonadFail instance may only be used in conjunction with pattern that always match, such as newtypes, tuples, data types with only a single data constructor, and irrefutable patterns (~pat). Instances of  MonadFail# should satisfy the following law: fail s should be a left zero for >>=, fail s >>= f = fail s If your Monad is also  MonadPlus, a popular definition is fail _ = mzero Kn#CB$D %~&'<; (:98765)*r+fedc,-./     0A@?>=123456t! "s789:;qp<=UX>?@ABCDEFGHVWI[]\JKLMNOPQRYZST^a`_dcbgfejihmlkoprqstuvwzxy~}|{! %$#"&'()*+,-./01234EFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abghijklmnoxvwuy{z|}      !"#$%'&()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKkji')(Fhg^=UX&HVWZ[G]\Y^n43LOQVUJTSKXWMNPRFEIHG{za`_RYZ>|215()$%'&!"# FGABCDEMNOPQ@?JK432+fedcb/.(:9876510'<; .&0A@?>=/     ! %$#"1678-9%~,I[]\$D #CB;qpgfejiha`_dcbmlk<*r+-,5*786! 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