--------------------------------------------------------------------
-- |
-- Module    : Text.JSON.String
-- Copyright : (c) Galois, Inc. 2007-2009
-- License   : BSD3
--
-- Maintainer:  Sigbjorn Finne <sof@galois.com>
-- Stability :  provisional
-- Portability: portable
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Basic support for working with JSON values.
--

module Text.JSON.String 
     ( 
       -- * Parsing
       --
       GetJSON
     , runGetJSON

       -- ** Reading JSON
     , readJSNull
     , readJSBool
     , readJSString
     , readJSRational
     , readJSArray
     , readJSObject

     , readJSValue
     , readJSTopType

       -- ** Writing JSON
     , showJSNull
     , showJSBool
     , showJSArray
     , showJSObject
     , showJSRational
     , showJSRational'

     , showJSValue
     , showJSTopType
     ) where

import Text.JSON.Types (JSValue(..),
                        JSString, toJSString, fromJSString,
                        JSObject, toJSObject, fromJSObject)

import Control.Monad (liftM, ap)
import Control.Applicative((<$>))
import qualified Control.Applicative as A
import Data.Char (isSpace, isDigit, digitToInt)
import Data.Ratio (numerator, denominator, (%))
import Numeric (readHex, readDec, showHex)

-- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Parsing JSON

-- | The type of JSON parsers for String
newtype GetJSON a = GetJSON { un :: String -> Either String (a,String) }

instance Functor GetJSON where fmap = liftM
instance A.Applicative GetJSON where
  pure  = return
  (<*>) = ap

instance Monad GetJSON where
  return x        = GetJSON (\s -> Right (x,s))
  fail x          = GetJSON (\_ -> Left x)
  GetJSON m >>= f = GetJSON (\s -> case m s of
                                     Left err -> Left err
                                     Right (a,s1) -> un (f a) s1)

-- | Run a JSON reader on an input String, returning some Haskell value.
-- All input will be consumed.
runGetJSON :: GetJSON a -> String -> Either String a
runGetJSON (GetJSON m) s = case m s of
     Left err    -> Left err
     Right (a,t) -> case t of
                        [] -> Right a
                        _  -> Left $ "Invalid tokens at end of JSON string: "++ show (take 10 t)

getInput   :: GetJSON String
getInput    = GetJSON (\s -> Right (s,s))

setInput   :: String -> GetJSON ()
setInput s  = GetJSON (\_ -> Right ((),s))

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- | Find 8 chars context, for error messages
context :: String -> String
context s = take 8 s

-- | Read the JSON null type
readJSNull :: GetJSON JSValue
readJSNull = do
  xs <- getInput
  case xs of
    'n':'u':'l':'l':xs1 -> setInput xs1 >> return JSNull
    _ -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON null: " ++ context xs

tryJSNull :: GetJSON JSValue -> GetJSON JSValue
tryJSNull k = do
  xs <- getInput
  case xs of
    'n':'u':'l':'l':xs1 -> setInput xs1 >> return JSNull
    _ -> k 

-- | Read the JSON Bool type
readJSBool :: GetJSON JSValue
readJSBool = do
  xs <- getInput
  case xs of
    't':'r':'u':'e':xs1 -> setInput xs1 >> return (JSBool True)
    'f':'a':'l':'s':'e':xs1 -> setInput xs1 >> return (JSBool False)
    _ -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON Bool: " ++ context xs

-- | Read the JSON String type
readJSString :: GetJSON JSValue
readJSString = do
  x <- getInput
  case x of
       '"' : cs -> parse [] cs
       _        -> fail $ "Malformed JSON: expecting string: " ++ context x
 where 
  parse rs cs = 
    case cs of
      '\\' : c : ds -> esc rs c ds
      '"'  : ds     -> do setInput ds
                          return (JSString (toJSString (reverse rs)))
      c    : ds
       | c >= '\x20' && c <= '\xff'    -> parse (c:rs) ds
       | c < '\x20'     -> fail $ "Illegal unescaped character in string: " ++ context cs
       | i <= 0x10ffff  -> parse (c:rs) ds
       | otherwise -> fail $ "Illegal unescaped character in string: " ++ context cs
       where
        i = (fromIntegral (fromEnum c) :: Integer)
      _ -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON String: unterminated String: " ++ context cs

  esc rs c cs = case c of
   '\\' -> parse ('\\' : rs) cs
   '"'  -> parse ('"'  : rs) cs
   'n'  -> parse ('\n' : rs) cs
   'r'  -> parse ('\r' : rs) cs
   't'  -> parse ('\t' : rs) cs
   'f'  -> parse ('\f' : rs) cs
   'b'  -> parse ('\b' : rs) cs
   '/'  -> parse ('/'  : rs) cs
   'u'  -> case cs of
             d1 : d2 : d3 : d4 : cs' ->
               case readHex [d1,d2,d3,d4] of
                 [(n,"")] -> parse (toEnum n : rs) cs'

                 x -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON String: invalid hex: " ++ context (show x)
             _ -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON String: invalid hex: " ++ context cs
   _ ->  fail $ "Unable to parse JSON String: invalid escape char: " ++ show c


-- | Read an Integer or Double in JSON format, returning a Rational
readJSRational :: GetJSON Rational
readJSRational = do
  cs <- getInput
  case cs of
    '-' : ds -> negate <$> pos ds
    _        -> pos cs

  where 
   pos []     = fail $ "Unable to parse JSON Rational: " ++ context []
   pos (c:cs) =
     case c of
       '0' -> frac 0 cs
       _ 
        | not (isDigit c) -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON Rational: " ++ context cs
	| otherwise -> readDigits (digitToIntI c) cs

   readDigits acc [] = frac (fromInteger acc) []
   readDigits acc (x:xs)
    | isDigit x = let acc' = 10*acc + digitToIntI x in 
	          acc' `seq` readDigits acc' xs
    | otherwise = frac (fromInteger acc) (x:xs)

   frac n ('.' : ds) = 
       case span isDigit ds of
         ([],_) -> setInput ds >> return n
         (as,bs) -> let x = read as :: Integer
                        y = 10 ^ (fromIntegral (length as) :: Integer)
                    in exponent' (n + (x % y)) bs
   frac n cs = exponent' n cs

   exponent' n (c:cs)
    | c == 'e' || c == 'E' = (n*) <$> exp_num cs
   exponent' n cs = setInput cs >> return n

   exp_num          :: String -> GetJSON Rational
   exp_num ('+':cs)  = exp_digs cs
   exp_num ('-':cs)  = recip <$> exp_digs cs
   exp_num cs        = exp_digs cs

   exp_digs :: String -> GetJSON Rational
   exp_digs cs = case readDec cs of
       [(a,ds)] -> do setInput ds
                      return (fromIntegral ((10::Integer) ^ (a::Integer)))
       _        -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON exponential: " ++ context cs

   digitToIntI :: Char -> Integer
   digitToIntI ch = fromIntegral (digitToInt ch)


-- | Read a list in JSON format
readJSArray  :: GetJSON JSValue
readJSArray  = readSequence '[' ']' ',' >>= return . JSArray

-- | Read an object in JSON format
readJSObject :: GetJSON JSValue
readJSObject = readAssocs '{' '}' ',' >>= return . JSObject . toJSObject


-- | Read a sequence of items
readSequence :: Char -> Char -> Char -> GetJSON [JSValue]
readSequence start end sep = do
  zs <- getInput
  case dropWhile isSpace zs of
    c : cs | c == start ->
        case dropWhile isSpace cs of
            d : ds | d == end -> setInput (dropWhile isSpace ds) >> return []
            ds                -> setInput ds >> parse []
    _ -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON sequence: sequence stars with invalid character: " ++ context zs

  where parse rs = rs `seq` do
          a  <- readJSValue
          ds <- getInput
          case dropWhile isSpace ds of
            e : es | e == sep -> do setInput (dropWhile isSpace es)
                                    parse (a:rs)
                   | e == end -> do setInput (dropWhile isSpace es)
                                    return (reverse (a:rs))
            _ -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON array: unterminated array: " ++ context ds


-- | Read a sequence of JSON labelled fields
readAssocs :: Char -> Char -> Char -> GetJSON [(String,JSValue)]
readAssocs start end sep = do
  zs <- getInput
  case dropWhile isSpace zs of
    c:cs | c == start -> case dropWhile isSpace cs of
            d:ds | d == end -> setInput (dropWhile isSpace ds) >> return []
            ds              -> setInput ds >> parsePairs []
    _ -> fail "Unable to parse JSON object: unterminated object"

  where parsePairs rs = rs `seq` do
          a  <- do k  <- do x <- readJSString ; case x of
                                JSString s -> return (fromJSString s)
                                _          -> fail $ "Malformed JSON field labels: object keys must be quoted strings."
                   ds <- getInput
                   case dropWhile isSpace ds of
                       ':':es -> do setInput (dropWhile isSpace es)
                                    v <- readJSValue
                                    return (k,v)
                       _      -> fail $ "Malformed JSON labelled field: " ++ context ds

          ds <- getInput
          case dropWhile isSpace ds of
            e : es | e == sep -> do setInput (dropWhile isSpace es)
                                    parsePairs (a:rs)
                   | e == end -> do setInput (dropWhile isSpace es)
                                    return (reverse (a:rs))
            _ -> fail $ "Unable to parse JSON object: unterminated sequence: "
                            ++ context ds

-- | Read one of several possible JS types
readJSValue :: GetJSON JSValue
readJSValue = do
  cs <- getInput
  case cs of
    '"' : _ -> readJSString
    '[' : _ -> readJSArray
    '{' : _ -> readJSObject
    't' : _ -> readJSBool
    'f' : _ -> readJSBool
    (x:_) | isDigit x || x == '-' -> JSRational False <$> readJSRational
    xs -> tryJSNull
             (fail $ "Malformed JSON: invalid token in this context " ++ context xs)

-- | Top level JSON can only be Arrays or Objects
readJSTopType :: GetJSON JSValue
readJSTopType = do
  cs <- getInput
  case cs of
    '[' : _ -> readJSArray
    '{' : _ -> readJSObject
    _       -> fail "Invalid JSON: a JSON text a serialized object or array at the top level."

-- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Writing JSON

-- | Show strict JSON top level types. Values not permitted
-- at the top level are wrapped in a singleton array.
showJSTopType :: JSValue -> ShowS
showJSTopType (JSArray a)    = showJSArray a
showJSTopType (JSObject o)   = showJSObject o
showJSTopType x              = showJSTopType $ JSArray [x]

-- | Show JSON values
showJSValue :: JSValue -> ShowS
showJSValue jv =
  case jv of
    JSNull{}         -> showJSNull
    JSBool b         -> showJSBool b
    JSRational asF r -> showJSRational' asF r
    JSArray a        -> showJSArray a
    JSString s       -> showJSString s
    JSObject o       -> showJSObject o

-- | Write the JSON null type
showJSNull :: ShowS
showJSNull = showString "null"

-- | Write the JSON Bool type
showJSBool :: Bool -> ShowS
showJSBool True  = showString "true"
showJSBool False = showString "false"

-- | Write the JSON String type
showJSString :: JSString -> ShowS
showJSString x xs = quote (encJSString x (quote xs))
  where
        quote = showChar '"'

-- | Show a Rational in JSON format
showJSRational :: Rational -> ShowS
showJSRational r = showJSRational' False r

showJSRational' :: Bool -> Rational -> ShowS
showJSRational' asFloat r 
 | denominator r == 1      = shows $ numerator r
 | isInfinite x || isNaN x = showJSNull
 | asFloat                 = shows xf
 | otherwise               = shows x
 where 
   x :: Double
   x = realToFrac r
   
   xf :: Float
   xf = realToFrac r



-- | Show a list in JSON format
showJSArray :: [JSValue] -> ShowS
showJSArray = showSequence '[' ']' ','

-- | Show an association list in JSON format
showJSObject :: JSObject JSValue -> ShowS
showJSObject = showAssocs '{' '}' ',' . fromJSObject

-- | Show a generic sequence of pairs in JSON format
showAssocs :: Char -> Char -> Char -> [(String,JSValue)] -> ShowS
showAssocs start end sep xs rest = start : go xs
  where
  go [(k,v)]     = '"' : encJSString (toJSString k)
                            ('"' : ':' : showJSValue v (go []))
  go ((k,v):kvs) = '"' : encJSString (toJSString k)
                            ('"' : ':' : showJSValue v (sep : go kvs))
  go []          = end : rest

-- | Show a generic sequence in JSON format
showSequence :: Char -> Char -> Char -> [JSValue] -> ShowS
showSequence start end sep xs rest = start : go xs
  where
  go [y]        = showJSValue y (go [])
  go (y:ys)     = showJSValue y (sep : go ys)
  go []         = end : rest

encJSString :: JSString -> ShowS
encJSString jss ss = go (fromJSString jss)
  where
  go s1 =
    case s1 of
      (x   :xs) | x < '\x20' -> '\\' : encControl x (go xs)
      ('"' :xs)              -> '\\' : '"'  : go xs
      ('\\':xs)              -> '\\' : '\\' : go xs
      (x   :xs)              -> x    : go xs
      ""                     -> ss

  encControl x xs = case x of
    '\b' -> 'b' : xs
    '\f' -> 'f' : xs
    '\n' -> 'n' : xs
    '\r' -> 'r' : xs
    '\t' -> 't' : xs
    _ | x < '\x10'   -> 'u' : '0' : '0' : '0' : hexxs
      | x < '\x100'  -> 'u' : '0' : '0' : hexxs
      | x < '\x1000' -> 'u' : '0' : hexxs
      | otherwise    -> 'u' : hexxs
      where hexxs = showHex (fromEnum x) xs