-- Copyright (c) 2006-2011
--         The President and Fellows of Harvard College.
--
-- Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-- modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-- are met:
-- 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
--    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-- 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
--    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
--    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-- 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
--    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
--    without specific prior written permission.
--
-- THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-- ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-- IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-- ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-- FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-- DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-- OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-- HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-- LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-- OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-- SUCH DAMAGE.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- |
-- Module      :  Control.Monad.Ref
-- Copyright   :  (c) Harvard University 2006-2011
-- License     :  BSD-style
-- Maintainer  :  mainland@eecs.harvard.edu
--
-- Stability   :  experimental
-- Portability :  non-portable
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}

module Control.Monad.Ref (
    MonadRef(..),
    MonadAtomicRef(..)
  ) where

import Control.Concurrent.STM (STM)
import Control.Concurrent.STM.TVar (TVar,
                                    newTVar,
                                    readTVar,
                                    writeTVar)
import Control.Monad.ST (ST)
import Control.Monad.Trans.Cont (ContT)
import Control.Monad.Trans.Error (ErrorT, Error)
import Control.Monad.Trans.Identity (IdentityT)
import Control.Monad.Trans.List (ListT)
import Control.Monad.Trans.Maybe (MaybeT)
import Control.Monad.Trans.Reader (ReaderT)
import Control.Monad.Trans.State.Lazy as Lazy (StateT)
import Control.Monad.Trans.State.Strict as Strict (StateT)
import Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.Lazy as Lazy (WriterT)
import Control.Monad.Trans.Writer.Strict as Strict (WriterT)
import Control.Monad.Trans.Class (lift)
import Data.IORef (IORef,
                   atomicModifyIORef,
                   modifyIORef,
                   newIORef,
                   readIORef,
                   writeIORef)
import Data.Monoid (Monoid)
import Data.STRef (STRef,
                   modifySTRef,
                   newSTRef,
                   readSTRef,
                   writeSTRef)

-- |The 'MonadRef' type class abstracts over the details of manipulating
-- references, allowing one to write code that uses references and can operate
-- in any monad that supports reference operations.

class (Monad m) => MonadRef m where
    type Ref m :: * -> *

    -- |Create a new reference
    newRef    :: a -> m (Ref m a)
    -- |Read the value of a reference
    readRef   :: Ref m a -> m a
    -- |Write a new value to a reference
    writeRef  :: Ref m a -> a -> m ()
    -- |Mutate the contents of a reference
    modifyRef :: Ref m a -> (a -> a) -> m ()
    modifyRef r f = readRef r >>= writeRef r . f

class (MonadRef m) => MonadAtomicRef m where
    -- |Atomically mutate the contents of a reference
    atomicModifyRef :: Ref m a -> (a -> (a, b)) -> m b

instance MonadRef (ST s) where
    type Ref (ST s) = STRef s

    newRef    = newSTRef
    readRef   = readSTRef
    writeRef  = writeSTRef
    modifyRef = modifySTRef

instance MonadRef IO where
    type Ref IO = IORef

    newRef    = newIORef
    readRef   = readIORef
    writeRef  = writeIORef
    modifyRef = modifyIORef

instance MonadRef STM where
    type Ref STM = TVar

    newRef    = newTVar
    readRef   = readTVar
    writeRef  = writeTVar

instance MonadRef m => MonadRef (ContT r m) where
    type Ref (ContT r m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance (Error e, MonadRef m) => MonadRef (ErrorT e m) where
    type Ref (ErrorT e m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance MonadRef m => MonadRef (IdentityT m) where
    type Ref (IdentityT m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance MonadRef m => MonadRef (ListT m) where
    type Ref (ListT m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance MonadRef m => MonadRef (MaybeT m) where
    type Ref (MaybeT m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance MonadRef m => MonadRef (ReaderT r m) where
    type Ref (ReaderT r m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance MonadRef m => MonadRef (Lazy.StateT s m) where
    type Ref (Lazy.StateT s m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance MonadRef m => MonadRef (Strict.StateT s m) where
    type Ref (Strict.StateT s m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance (Monoid w, MonadRef m) => MonadRef (Lazy.WriterT w m) where
    type Ref (Lazy.WriterT w m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance (Monoid w, MonadRef m) => MonadRef (Strict.WriterT w m) where
    type Ref (Strict.WriterT w m) = Ref m

    newRef    r   = lift $ newRef    r
    readRef   r   = lift $ readRef   r
    writeRef  r x = lift $ writeRef  r x
    modifyRef r f = lift $ modifyRef r f

instance MonadAtomicRef IO where
    atomicModifyRef = atomicModifyIORef

instance MonadAtomicRef STM where
    atomicModifyRef r f = do x <- readRef r
                             let (x', y) = f x
                             writeRef r x'
                             return y

instance MonadAtomicRef m => MonadAtomicRef (ContT r m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f

instance (Error e, MonadAtomicRef m) => MonadAtomicRef (ErrorT e m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f

instance MonadAtomicRef m => MonadAtomicRef (IdentityT m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f

instance MonadAtomicRef m => MonadAtomicRef (ListT m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f

instance MonadAtomicRef m => MonadAtomicRef (MaybeT m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f

instance MonadAtomicRef m => MonadAtomicRef (ReaderT r m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f

instance MonadAtomicRef m => MonadAtomicRef (Lazy.StateT s m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f

instance MonadAtomicRef m => MonadAtomicRef (Strict.StateT s m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f

instance (Monoid w, MonadAtomicRef m) => MonadAtomicRef (Lazy.WriterT w m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f

instance (Monoid w, MonadAtomicRef m) => MonadAtomicRef (Strict.WriterT w m) where
    atomicModifyRef r f = lift $ atomicModifyRef r f