----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Module : Data.SBV.Core.Model -- Copyright : (c) Levent Erkok -- License : BSD3 -- Maintainer: erkokl@gmail.com -- Stability : experimental -- -- Instance declarations for our symbolic world ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- {-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-} {-# LANGUAGE DefaultSignatures #-} {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-} {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-} {-# LANGUAGE Rank2Types #-} {-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-} {-# LANGUAGE TypeApplications #-} {-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-} {-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-} {-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-orphans #-} module Data.SBV.Core.Model ( Mergeable(..), Equality(..), EqSymbolic(..), OrdSymbolic(..), SDivisible(..), Uninterpreted(..), Metric(..), minimize, maximize, assertWithPenalty, SIntegral, SFiniteBits(..) , ite, iteLazy, sFromIntegral, sShiftLeft, sShiftRight, sRotateLeft, sBarrelRotateLeft, sRotateRight, sBarrelRotateRight, sSignedShiftArithRight, (.^) , oneIf, genVar, genVar_, forall, forall_, exists, exists_ , pbAtMost, pbAtLeast, pbExactly, pbLe, pbGe, pbEq, pbMutexed, pbStronglyMutexed , sBool, sBool_, sBools, sWord8, sWord8_, sWord8s, sWord16, sWord16_, sWord16s, sWord32, sWord32_, sWord32s , sWord64, sWord64_, sWord64s, sInt8, sInt8_, sInt8s, sInt16, sInt16_, sInt16s, sInt32, sInt32_, sInt32s, sInt64, sInt64_ , sInt64s, sInteger, sInteger_, sIntegers, sReal, sReal_, sReals, sFloat, sFloat_, sFloats, sDouble, sDouble_, sDoubles , sChar, sChar_, sChars, sString, sString_, sStrings, sList, sList_, sLists , sTuple, sTuple_, sTuples , sEither, sEither_, sEithers, sMaybe, sMaybe_, sMaybes , sSet, sSet_, sSets , solve , slet , sRealToSInteger, label, observe, observeIf , sAssert , liftQRem, liftDMod, symbolicMergeWithKind , genLiteral, genFromCV, genMkSymVar , sbvQuickCheck ) where import Control.Applicative (ZipList(ZipList)) import Control.Monad (when, unless, mplus) import Control.Monad.IO.Class (MonadIO) import GHC.Generics (U1(..), M1(..), (:*:)(..), K1(..)) import qualified GHC.Generics as G import GHC.Stack import Data.Array (Array, Ix, listArray, elems, bounds, rangeSize) import Data.Bits (Bits(..)) import Data.Char (toLower, isDigit) import Data.Int (Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64) import Data.List (genericLength, genericIndex, genericTake, unzip4, unzip5, unzip6, unzip7, intercalate, isPrefixOf) import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe, mapMaybe) import Data.String (IsString(..)) import Data.Word (Word8, Word16, Word32, Word64) import qualified Data.Set as Set import Data.Proxy import Data.Dynamic (fromDynamic, toDyn) import Test.QuickCheck (Testable(..), Arbitrary(..)) import qualified Test.QuickCheck.Test as QC (isSuccess) import qualified Test.QuickCheck as QC (quickCheckResult, counterexample) import qualified Test.QuickCheck.Monadic as QC (monadicIO, run, assert, pre, monitor) import qualified Data.Foldable as F (toList) import Data.SBV.Core.AlgReals import Data.SBV.Core.Data import Data.SBV.Core.Symbolic import Data.SBV.Core.Operations import Data.SBV.Provers.Prover (defaultSMTCfg, SafeResult(..), prove) import Data.SBV.SMT.SMT (ThmResult, showModel) import Data.SBV.Utils.Lib (isKString) -- Symbolic-Word class instances -- | Generate a finite symbolic bitvector, named genVar :: MonadSymbolic m => Maybe Quantifier -> Kind -> String -> m (SBV a) genVar q k = mkSymSBV q k . Just -- | Generate a finite symbolic bitvector, unnamed genVar_ :: MonadSymbolic m => Maybe Quantifier -> Kind -> m (SBV a) genVar_ q k = mkSymSBV q k Nothing -- | Generate a finite constant bitvector genLiteral :: Integral a => Kind -> a -> SBV b genLiteral k = SBV . SVal k . Left . mkConstCV k -- | Convert a constant to an integral value genFromCV :: Integral a => CV -> a genFromCV (CV _ (CInteger x)) = fromInteger x genFromCV c = error $ "genFromCV: Unsupported non-integral value: " ++ show c -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.genMkSymVar' genMkSymVar :: MonadSymbolic m => Kind -> Maybe Quantifier -> Maybe String -> m (SBV a) genMkSymVar k mbq Nothing = genVar_ mbq k genMkSymVar k mbq (Just s) = genVar mbq k s instance SymVal Bool where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar KBool literal = SBV . svBool fromCV = cvToBool instance SymVal Word8 where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (KBounded False 8) literal = genLiteral (KBounded False 8) fromCV = genFromCV instance SymVal Int8 where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (KBounded True 8) literal = genLiteral (KBounded True 8) fromCV = genFromCV instance SymVal Word16 where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (KBounded False 16) literal = genLiteral (KBounded False 16) fromCV = genFromCV instance SymVal Int16 where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (KBounded True 16) literal = genLiteral (KBounded True 16) fromCV = genFromCV instance SymVal Word32 where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (KBounded False 32) literal = genLiteral (KBounded False 32) fromCV = genFromCV instance SymVal Int32 where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (KBounded True 32) literal = genLiteral (KBounded True 32) fromCV = genFromCV instance SymVal Word64 where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (KBounded False 64) literal = genLiteral (KBounded False 64) fromCV = genFromCV instance SymVal Int64 where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (KBounded True 64) literal = genLiteral (KBounded True 64) fromCV = genFromCV instance SymVal Integer where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar KUnbounded literal = SBV . SVal KUnbounded . Left . mkConstCV KUnbounded fromCV = genFromCV instance SymVal AlgReal where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar KReal literal = SBV . SVal KReal . Left . CV KReal . CAlgReal fromCV (CV _ (CAlgReal a)) = a fromCV c = error $ "SymVal.AlgReal: Unexpected non-real value: " ++ show c -- AlgReal needs its own definition of isConcretely -- to make sure we avoid using unimplementable Haskell functions isConcretely (SBV (SVal KReal (Left (CV KReal (CAlgReal v))))) p | isExactRational v = p v isConcretely _ _ = False instance SymVal Float where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar KFloat literal = SBV . SVal KFloat . Left . CV KFloat . CFloat fromCV (CV _ (CFloat a)) = a fromCV c = error $ "SymVal.Float: Unexpected non-float value: " ++ show c -- For Float, we conservatively return 'False' for isConcretely. The reason is that -- this function is used for optimizations when only one of the argument is concrete, -- and in the presence of NaN's it would be incorrect to do any optimization isConcretely _ _ = False instance SymVal Double where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar KDouble literal = SBV . SVal KDouble . Left . CV KDouble . CDouble fromCV (CV _ (CDouble a)) = a fromCV c = error $ "SymVal.Double: Unexpected non-double value: " ++ show c -- For Double, we conservatively return 'False' for isConcretely. The reason is that -- this function is used for optimizations when only one of the argument is concrete, -- and in the presence of NaN's it would be incorrect to do any optimization isConcretely _ _ = False instance SymVal Char where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar KChar literal c = SBV . SVal KChar . Left . CV KChar $ CChar c fromCV (CV _ (CChar a)) = a fromCV c = error $ "SymVal.String: Unexpected non-char value: " ++ show c instance SymVal a => SymVal [a] where mkSymVal | isKString @[a] undefined = genMkSymVar KString | True = genMkSymVar (KList (kindOf (Proxy @a))) literal as | isKString @[a] undefined = case fromDynamic (toDyn as) of Just s -> SBV . SVal KString . Left . CV KString . CString $ s Nothing -> error "SString: Cannot construct literal string!" | True = let k = KList (kindOf (Proxy @a)) in SBV $ SVal k $ Left $ CV k $ CList $ map toCV as fromCV (CV _ (CString a)) = fromMaybe (error "SString: Cannot extract a literal string!") (fromDynamic (toDyn a)) fromCV (CV _ (CList a)) = fromCV . CV (kindOf (Proxy @a)) <$> a fromCV c = error $ "SymVal.fromCV: Unexpected non-list value: " ++ show c toCV :: SymVal a => a -> CVal toCV a = case literal a of SBV (SVal _ (Left cv)) -> cvVal cv _ -> error "SymVal.toCV: Impossible happened, couldn't produce a concrete value" mkCVTup :: Int -> Kind -> [CVal] -> SBV a mkCVTup i k@(KTuple ks) cs | lks == lcs && lks == i = SBV $ SVal k $ Left $ CV k $ CTuple cs | True = error $ "SymVal.mkCVTup: Impossible happened. Malformed tuple received: " ++ show (i, k) where lks = length ks lcs = length cs mkCVTup i k _ = error $ "SymVal.mkCVTup: Impossible happened. Non-tuple received: " ++ show (i, k) fromCVTup :: Int -> CV -> [CV] fromCVTup i inp@(CV (KTuple ks) (CTuple cs)) | lks == lcs && lks == i = zipWith CV ks cs | True = error $ "SymVal.fromCTup: Impossible happened. Malformed tuple received: " ++ show (i, inp) where lks = length ks lcs = length cs fromCVTup i inp = error $ "SymVal.fromCVTup: Impossible happened. Non-tuple received: " ++ show (i, inp) instance (SymVal a, SymVal b) => SymVal (Either a b) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(Either a b))) literal s | Left a <- s = mk $ Left (toCV a) | Right b <- s = mk $ Right (toCV b) where k = kindOf (Proxy @(Either a b)) mk = SBV . SVal k . Left . CV k . CEither fromCV (CV (KEither k1 _ ) (CEither (Left c))) = Left $ fromCV $ CV k1 c fromCV (CV (KEither _ k2) (CEither (Right c))) = Right $ fromCV $ CV k2 c fromCV bad = error $ "SymVal.fromCV (Either): Malformed either received: " ++ show bad instance SymVal a => SymVal (Maybe a) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(Maybe a))) literal s | Nothing <- s = mk Nothing | Just a <- s = mk $ Just (toCV a) where k = kindOf (Proxy @(Maybe a)) mk = SBV . SVal k . Left . CV k . CMaybe fromCV (CV (KMaybe _) (CMaybe Nothing)) = Nothing fromCV (CV (KMaybe k) (CMaybe (Just x))) = Just $ fromCV $ CV k x fromCV bad = error $ "SymVal.fromCV (Maybe): Malformed sum received: " ++ show bad instance (Ord a, SymVal a) => SymVal (RCSet a) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(RCSet a))) literal eur = SBV $ SVal k $ Left $ CV k $ CSet $ dir $ Set.map toCV s where (dir, s) = case eur of RegularSet x -> (RegularSet, x) ComplementSet x -> (ComplementSet, x) k = kindOf (Proxy @(RCSet a)) fromCV (CV (KSet a) (CSet (RegularSet s))) = RegularSet $ Set.map (fromCV . CV a) s fromCV (CV (KSet a) (CSet (ComplementSet s))) = ComplementSet $ Set.map (fromCV . CV a) s fromCV bad = error $ "SymVal.fromCV (Set): Malformed set received: " ++ show bad -- | SymVal for 0-tuple (i.e., unit) instance SymVal () where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (KTuple []) literal () = mkCVTup 0 (kindOf (Proxy @())) [] fromCV cv = fromCVTup 0 cv `seq` () -- | SymVal for 2-tuples instance (SymVal a, SymVal b) => SymVal (a, b) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b))) literal (v1, v2) = mkCVTup 2 (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b))) [toCV v1, toCV v2] fromCV cv = let ~[v1, v2] = fromCVTup 2 cv in (fromCV v1, fromCV v2) -- | SymVal for 3-tuples instance (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c) => SymVal (a, b, c) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c))) literal (v1, v2, v3) = mkCVTup 3 (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c))) [toCV v1, toCV v2, toCV v3] fromCV cv = let ~[v1, v2, v3] = fromCVTup 3 cv in (fromCV v1, fromCV v2, fromCV v3) -- | SymVal for 4-tuples instance (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d) => SymVal (a, b, c, d) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d))) literal (v1, v2, v3, v4) = mkCVTup 4 (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d))) [toCV v1, toCV v2, toCV v3, toCV v4] fromCV cv = let ~[v1, v2, v3, v4] = fromCVTup 4 cv in (fromCV v1, fromCV v2, fromCV v3, fromCV v4) -- | SymVal for 5-tuples instance (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e) => SymVal (a, b, c, d, e) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d, e))) literal (v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) = mkCVTup 5 (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d, e))) [toCV v1, toCV v2, toCV v3, toCV v4, toCV v5] fromCV cv = let ~[v1, v2, v3, v4, v5] = fromCVTup 5 cv in (fromCV v1, fromCV v2, fromCV v3, fromCV v4, fromCV v5) -- | SymVal for 6-tuples instance (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e, SymVal f) => SymVal (a, b, c, d, e, f) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d, e, f))) literal (v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6) = mkCVTup 6 (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d, e, f))) [toCV v1, toCV v2, toCV v3, toCV v4, toCV v5, toCV v6] fromCV cv = let ~[v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6] = fromCVTup 6 cv in (fromCV v1, fromCV v2, fromCV v3, fromCV v4, fromCV v5, fromCV v6) -- | SymVal for 7-tuples instance (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e, SymVal f, SymVal g) => SymVal (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d, e, f, g))) literal (v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7) = mkCVTup 7 (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d, e, f, g))) [toCV v1, toCV v2, toCV v3, toCV v4, toCV v5, toCV v6, toCV v7] fromCV cv = let ~[v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7] = fromCVTup 7 cv in (fromCV v1, fromCV v2, fromCV v3, fromCV v4, fromCV v5, fromCV v6, fromCV v7) -- | SymVal for 8-tuples instance (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e, SymVal f, SymVal g, SymVal h) => SymVal (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) where mkSymVal = genMkSymVar (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h))) literal (v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8) = mkCVTup 8 (kindOf (Proxy @(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h))) [toCV v1, toCV v2, toCV v3, toCV v4, toCV v5, toCV v6, toCV v7, toCV v8] fromCV cv = let ~[v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8] = fromCVTup 8 cv in (fromCV v1, fromCV v2, fromCV v3, fromCV v4, fromCV v5, fromCV v6, fromCV v7, fromCV v8) instance IsString SString where fromString = literal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- * Smart constructors for creating symbolic values. These are not strictly -- necessary, as they are mere aliases for 'symbolic' and 'symbolics', but -- they nonetheless make programming easier. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sBool' sBool :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SBool sBool = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sBool_' sBool_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SBool sBool_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sBools' sBools :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SBool] sBools = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord8' sWord8 :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SWord8 sWord8 = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord8_' sWord8_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SWord8 sWord8_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord8s' sWord8s :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SWord8] sWord8s = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord16' sWord16 :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SWord16 sWord16 = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord16_' sWord16_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SWord16 sWord16_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord16s' sWord16s :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SWord16] sWord16s = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord32' sWord32 :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SWord32 sWord32 = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord32_' sWord32_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SWord32 sWord32_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord32s' sWord32s :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SWord32] sWord32s = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord64' sWord64 :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SWord64 sWord64 = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord64_' sWord64_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SWord64 sWord64_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sWord64s' sWord64s :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SWord64] sWord64s = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt8' sInt8 :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SInt8 sInt8 = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt8_' sInt8_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SInt8 sInt8_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt8s' sInt8s :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SInt8] sInt8s = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt16' sInt16 :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SInt16 sInt16 = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt16_' sInt16_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SInt16 sInt16_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt16s' sInt16s :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SInt16] sInt16s = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt32' sInt32 :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SInt32 sInt32 = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt32_' sInt32_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SInt32 sInt32_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt32s' sInt32s :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SInt32] sInt32s = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt64' sInt64 :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SInt64 sInt64 = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt64_' sInt64_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SInt64 sInt64_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInt64s' sInt64s :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SInt64] sInt64s = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInteger' sInteger:: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SInteger sInteger = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sInteger_' sInteger_:: MonadSymbolic m => m SInteger sInteger_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sIntegers' sIntegers :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SInteger] sIntegers = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sReal' sReal:: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SReal sReal = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sReal_' sReal_:: MonadSymbolic m => m SReal sReal_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sReals' sReals :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SReal] sReals = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sFloat' sFloat :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SFloat sFloat = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sFloat_' sFloat_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SFloat sFloat_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sFloats' sFloats :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SFloat] sFloats = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sDouble' sDouble :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SDouble sDouble = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sDouble_' sDouble_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SDouble sDouble_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sDoubles' sDoubles :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SDouble] sDoubles = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sChar' sChar :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SChar sChar = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sChar_' sChar_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SChar sChar_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sChars' sChars :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SChar] sChars = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sString' sString :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> m SString sString = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sString_' sString_ :: MonadSymbolic m => m SString sString_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sStrings' sStrings :: MonadSymbolic m => [String] -> m [SString] sStrings = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sList' sList :: (SymVal a, MonadSymbolic m) => String -> m (SList a) sList = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sList_' sList_ :: (SymVal a, MonadSymbolic m) => m (SList a) sList_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sLists' sLists :: (SymVal a, MonadSymbolic m) => [String] -> m [SList a] sLists = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sTuple' sTuple :: (SymVal tup, MonadSymbolic m) => String -> m (SBV tup) sTuple = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sTuple_' sTuple_ :: (SymVal tup, MonadSymbolic m) => m (SBV tup) sTuple_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sTuples' sTuples :: (SymVal tup, MonadSymbolic m) => [String] -> m [SBV tup] sTuples = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sEither' sEither :: (SymVal a, SymVal b, MonadSymbolic m) => String -> m (SEither a b) sEither = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sEither_' sEither_ :: (SymVal a, SymVal b, MonadSymbolic m) => m (SEither a b) sEither_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sEithers' sEithers :: (SymVal a, SymVal b, MonadSymbolic m) => [String] -> m [SEither a b] sEithers = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sMaybe' sMaybe :: (SymVal a, MonadSymbolic m) => String -> m (SMaybe a) sMaybe = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sMaybe_' sMaybe_ :: (SymVal a, MonadSymbolic m) => m (SMaybe a) sMaybe_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sMaybes' sMaybes :: (SymVal a, MonadSymbolic m) => [String] -> m [SMaybe a] sMaybes = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sSet' sSet :: (Ord a, SymVal a, MonadSymbolic m) => String -> m (SSet a) sSet = symbolic -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sMaybe_' sSet_ :: (Ord a, SymVal a, MonadSymbolic m) => m (SSet a) sSet_ = free_ -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.sMaybes' sSets :: (Ord a, SymVal a, MonadSymbolic m) => [String] -> m [SSet a] sSets = symbolics -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.solve' solve :: MonadSymbolic m => [SBool] -> m SBool solve = return . sAnd -- | Convert an SReal to an SInteger. That is, it computes the -- largest integer @n@ that satisfies @sIntegerToSReal n <= r@ -- essentially giving us the @floor@. -- -- For instance, @1.3@ will be @1@, but @-1.3@ will be @-2@. sRealToSInteger :: SReal -> SInteger sRealToSInteger x | Just i <- unliteral x, isExactRational i = literal $ floor (toRational i) | True = SBV (SVal KUnbounded (Right (cache y))) where y st = do xsv <- sbvToSV st x newExpr st KUnbounded (SBVApp (KindCast KReal KUnbounded) [xsv]) -- | label: Label the result of an expression. This is essentially a no-op, but useful as it generates a comment in the generated C/SMT-Lib code. -- Note that if the argument is a constant, then the label is dropped completely, per the usual constant folding strategy. Compare this to 'observe' -- which is good for printing counter-examples. label :: SymVal a => String -> SBV a -> SBV a label m x | Just _ <- unliteral x = x | True = SBV $ SVal k $ Right $ cache r where k = kindOf x r st = do xsv <- sbvToSV st x newExpr st k (SBVApp (Label m) [xsv]) -- | Observe the value of an expression, if the given condition holds. Such values are useful in model construction, as they are printed part of a satisfying model, or a -- counter-example. The same works for quick-check as well. Useful when we want to see intermediate values, or expected/obtained -- pairs in a particular run. Note that an observed expression is always symbolic, i.e., it won't be constant folded. Compare this to 'label' -- which is used for putting a label in the generated SMTLib-C code. observeIf :: SymVal a => (a -> Bool) -> String -> SBV a -> SBV a observeIf cond m x | null m = error "SBV.observe: Bad empty name!" | map toLower m `elem` smtLibReservedNames = error $ "SBV.observe: The name chosen is reserved, please change it!: " ++ show m | "s" `isPrefixOf` m && all isDigit (drop 1 m) = error $ "SBV.observe: Names of the form sXXX are internal to SBV, please use a different name: " ++ show m | True = SBV $ SVal k $ Right $ cache r where k = kindOf x r st = do xsv <- sbvToSV st x recordObservable st m (cond . fromCV) xsv return xsv -- | Observe the value of an expression, uncoditionally. See 'observeIf' for a generalized version. observe :: SymVal a => String -> SBV a -> SBV a observe = observeIf (const True) -- | Symbolic Equality. Note that we can't use Haskell's 'Eq' class since Haskell insists on returning Bool -- Comparing symbolic values will necessarily return a symbolic value. infix 4 .==, ./=, .===, ./== class EqSymbolic a where -- | Symbolic equality. (.==) :: a -> a -> SBool -- | Symbolic inequality. (./=) :: a -> a -> SBool -- | Strong equality. On floats ('SFloat'/'SDouble'), strong equality is object equality; that -- is @NaN == NaN@ holds, but @+0 == -0@ doesn't. On other types, (.===) is simply (.==). -- Note that (.==) is the /right/ notion of equality for floats per IEEE754 specs, since by -- definition @+0 == -0@ and @NaN@ equals no other value including itself. But occasionally -- we want to be stronger and state @NaN@ equals @NaN@ and @+0@ and @-0@ are different from -- each other. In a context where your type is concrete, simply use `Data.SBV.fpIsEqualObject`. But in -- a polymorphic context, use the strong equality instead. -- -- NB. If you do not care about or work with floats, simply use (.==) and (./=). (.===) :: a -> a -> SBool -- | Negation of strong equality. Equaivalent to negation of (.===) on all types. (./==) :: a -> a -> SBool -- | Returns (symbolic) 'sTrue' if all the elements of the given list are different. distinct :: [a] -> SBool -- | Returns (symbolic) 'sTrue' if all the elements of the given list are the same. allEqual :: [a] -> SBool -- | Symbolic membership test. sElem :: a -> [a] -> SBool {-# MINIMAL (.==) #-} x ./= y = sNot (x .== y) x .=== y = x .== y x ./== y = sNot (x .=== y) allEqual [] = sTrue allEqual (x:xs) = sAll (x .==) xs -- Default implementation of distinct. Note that we override -- this method for the base types to generate better code. distinct [] = sTrue distinct (x:xs) = sAll (x ./=) xs .&& distinct xs sElem x xs = sAny (.== x) xs -- | Symbolic Comparisons. Similar to 'Eq', we cannot implement Haskell's 'Ord' class -- since there is no way to return an 'Ordering' value from a symbolic comparison. -- Furthermore, 'OrdSymbolic' requires 'Mergeable' to implement if-then-else, for the -- benefit of implementing symbolic versions of 'max' and 'min' functions. infix 4 .<, .<=, .>, .>= class (Mergeable a, EqSymbolic a) => OrdSymbolic a where -- | Symbolic less than. (.<) :: a -> a -> SBool -- | Symbolic less than or equal to. (.<=) :: a -> a -> SBool -- | Symbolic greater than. (.>) :: a -> a -> SBool -- | Symbolic greater than or equal to. (.>=) :: a -> a -> SBool -- | Symbolic minimum. smin :: a -> a -> a -- | Symbolic maximum. smax :: a -> a -> a -- | Is the value withing the allowed /inclusive/ range? inRange :: a -> (a, a) -> SBool {-# MINIMAL (.<) #-} a .<= b = a .< b .|| a .== b a .> b = b .< a a .>= b = b .<= a a `smin` b = ite (a .<= b) a b a `smax` b = ite (a .<= b) b a inRange x (y, z) = x .>= y .&& x .<= z {- We can't have a generic instance of the form: instance Eq a => EqSymbolic a where x .== y = if x == y then true else sFalse even if we're willing to allow Flexible/undecidable instances.. This is because if we allow this it would imply EqSymbolic (SBV a); since (SBV a) has to be Eq as it must be a Num. But this wouldn't be the right choice obviously; as the Eq instance is bogus for SBV for natural reasons.. -} -- It is tempting to put in an @Eq a@ superclass here. But doing so -- is complicated, as it requires all underlying types to have equality, -- which is at best shaky for algebraic reals and sets. So, leave it out. instance EqSymbolic (SBV a) where SBV x .== SBV y = SBV (svEqual x y) SBV x ./= SBV y = SBV (svNotEqual x y) SBV x .=== SBV y = SBV (svStrongEqual x y) -- Custom version of distinct that generates better code for base types distinct [] = sTrue distinct [_] = sTrue distinct xs | all isConc xs = checkDiff xs | [SBV a, SBV b] <- xs, a `is` svBool True = SBV $ svNot b | [SBV a, SBV b] <- xs, b `is` svBool True = SBV $ svNot a | [SBV a, SBV b] <- xs, a `is` svBool False = SBV b | [SBV a, SBV b] <- xs, b `is` svBool False = SBV a | length xs > 2 && isBool (head xs) = sFalse | True = SBV (SVal KBool (Right (cache r))) where r st = do xsv <- mapM (sbvToSV st) xs newExpr st KBool (SBVApp NotEqual xsv) -- We call this in case all are concrete, which will -- reduce to a constant and generate no code at all! -- Note that this is essentially the same as the default -- definition, which unfortunately we can no longer call! checkDiff [] = sTrue checkDiff (a:as) = sAll (a ./=) as .&& checkDiff as -- Sigh, we can't use isConcrete since that requires SymVal -- constraint that we don't have here. (To support SBools.) isConc (SBV (SVal _ (Left _))) = True isConc _ = False -- Likewise here; need to go lower. SVal k1 (Left c1) `is` SVal k2 (Left c2) = (k1, c1) == (k2, c2) _ `is` _ = False isBool (SBV (SVal KBool _)) = True isBool _ = False instance (Ord a, SymVal a) => OrdSymbolic (SBV a) where SBV x .< SBV y = SBV (svLessThan x y) SBV x .<= SBV y = SBV (svLessEq x y) SBV x .> SBV y = SBV (svGreaterThan x y) SBV x .>= SBV y = SBV (svGreaterEq x y) -- Bool instance EqSymbolic Bool where x .== y = fromBool $ x == y -- Lists instance EqSymbolic a => EqSymbolic [a] where [] .== [] = sTrue (x:xs) .== (y:ys) = x .== y .&& xs .== ys _ .== _ = sFalse instance OrdSymbolic a => OrdSymbolic [a] where [] .< [] = sFalse [] .< _ = sTrue _ .< [] = sFalse (x:xs) .< (y:ys) = x .< y .|| (x .== y .&& xs .< ys) -- Maybe instance EqSymbolic a => EqSymbolic (Maybe a) where Nothing .== Nothing = sTrue Just a .== Just b = a .== b _ .== _ = sFalse instance (OrdSymbolic a) => OrdSymbolic (Maybe a) where Nothing .< Nothing = sFalse Nothing .< _ = sTrue Just _ .< Nothing = sFalse Just a .< Just b = a .< b -- Either instance (EqSymbolic a, EqSymbolic b) => EqSymbolic (Either a b) where Left a .== Left b = a .== b Right a .== Right b = a .== b _ .== _ = sFalse instance (OrdSymbolic a, OrdSymbolic b) => OrdSymbolic (Either a b) where Left a .< Left b = a .< b Left _ .< Right _ = sTrue Right _ .< Left _ = sFalse Right a .< Right b = a .< b -- 2-Tuple instance (EqSymbolic a, EqSymbolic b) => EqSymbolic (a, b) where (a0, b0) .== (a1, b1) = a0 .== a1 .&& b0 .== b1 instance (OrdSymbolic a, OrdSymbolic b) => OrdSymbolic (a, b) where (a0, b0) .< (a1, b1) = a0 .< a1 .|| (a0 .== a1 .&& b0 .< b1) -- 3-Tuple instance (EqSymbolic a, EqSymbolic b, EqSymbolic c) => EqSymbolic (a, b, c) where (a0, b0, c0) .== (a1, b1, c1) = (a0, b0) .== (a1, b1) .&& c0 .== c1 instance (OrdSymbolic a, OrdSymbolic b, OrdSymbolic c) => OrdSymbolic (a, b, c) where (a0, b0, c0) .< (a1, b1, c1) = (a0, b0) .< (a1, b1) .|| ((a0, b0) .== (a1, b1) .&& c0 .< c1) -- 4-Tuple instance (EqSymbolic a, EqSymbolic b, EqSymbolic c, EqSymbolic d) => EqSymbolic (a, b, c, d) where (a0, b0, c0, d0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1) = (a0, b0, c0) .== (a1, b1, c1) .&& d0 .== d1 instance (OrdSymbolic a, OrdSymbolic b, OrdSymbolic c, OrdSymbolic d) => OrdSymbolic (a, b, c, d) where (a0, b0, c0, d0) .< (a1, b1, c1, d1) = (a0, b0, c0) .< (a1, b1, c1) .|| ((a0, b0, c0) .== (a1, b1, c1) .&& d0 .< d1) -- 5-Tuple instance (EqSymbolic a, EqSymbolic b, EqSymbolic c, EqSymbolic d, EqSymbolic e) => EqSymbolic (a, b, c, d, e) where (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1) = (a0, b0, c0, d0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1) .&& e0 .== e1 instance (OrdSymbolic a, OrdSymbolic b, OrdSymbolic c, OrdSymbolic d, OrdSymbolic e) => OrdSymbolic (a, b, c, d, e) where (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0) .< (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1) = (a0, b0, c0, d0) .< (a1, b1, c1, d1) .|| ((a0, b0, c0, d0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1) .&& e0 .< e1) -- 6-Tuple instance (EqSymbolic a, EqSymbolic b, EqSymbolic c, EqSymbolic d, EqSymbolic e, EqSymbolic f) => EqSymbolic (a, b, c, d, e, f) where (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0, f0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1) = (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1) .&& f0 .== f1 instance (OrdSymbolic a, OrdSymbolic b, OrdSymbolic c, OrdSymbolic d, OrdSymbolic e, OrdSymbolic f) => OrdSymbolic (a, b, c, d, e, f) where (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0, f0) .< (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1) = (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0) .< (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1) .|| ((a0, b0, c0, d0, e0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1) .&& f0 .< f1) -- 7-Tuple instance (EqSymbolic a, EqSymbolic b, EqSymbolic c, EqSymbolic d, EqSymbolic e, EqSymbolic f, EqSymbolic g) => EqSymbolic (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) where (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0, f0, g0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1, g1) = (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0, f0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1) .&& g0 .== g1 instance (OrdSymbolic a, OrdSymbolic b, OrdSymbolic c, OrdSymbolic d, OrdSymbolic e, OrdSymbolic f, OrdSymbolic g) => OrdSymbolic (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) where (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0, f0, g0) .< (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1, g1) = (a0, b0, c0, d0, e0, f0) .< (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1) .|| ((a0, b0, c0, d0, e0, f0) .== (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1) .&& g0 .< g1) -- | Symbolic Numbers. This is a simple class that simply incorporates all number like -- base types together, simplifying writing polymorphic type-signatures that work for all -- symbolic numbers, such as 'SWord8', 'SInt8' etc. For instance, we can write a generic -- list-minimum function as follows: -- -- @ -- mm :: SIntegral a => [SBV a] -> SBV a -- mm = foldr1 (\a b -> ite (a .<= b) a b) -- @ -- -- It is similar to the standard 'Integral' class, except ranging over symbolic instances. class (SymVal a, Num a, Bits a, Integral a) => SIntegral a -- 'SIntegral' Instances, skips Real/Float/Bool instance SIntegral Word8 instance SIntegral Word16 instance SIntegral Word32 instance SIntegral Word64 instance SIntegral Int8 instance SIntegral Int16 instance SIntegral Int32 instance SIntegral Int64 instance SIntegral Integer -- | Finite bit-length symbolic values. Essentially the same as 'SIntegral', but further leaves out 'Integer'. Loosely -- based on Haskell's @FiniteBits@ class, but with more methods defined and structured differently to fit into the -- symbolic world view. Minimal complete definition: 'sFiniteBitSize'. class (Ord a, SymVal a, Num a, Bits a) => SFiniteBits a where -- | Bit size. sFiniteBitSize :: SBV a -> Int -- | Least significant bit of a word, always stored at index 0. lsb :: SBV a -> SBool -- | Most significant bit of a word, always stored at the last position. msb :: SBV a -> SBool -- | Big-endian blasting of a word into its bits. blastBE :: SBV a -> [SBool] -- | Little-endian blasting of a word into its bits. blastLE :: SBV a -> [SBool] -- | Reconstruct from given bits, given in little-endian. fromBitsBE :: [SBool] -> SBV a -- | Reconstruct from given bits, given in little-endian. fromBitsLE :: [SBool] -> SBV a -- | Replacement for 'testBit', returning 'SBool' instead of 'Bool'. sTestBit :: SBV a -> Int -> SBool -- | Variant of 'sTestBit', where we want to extract multiple bit positions. sExtractBits :: SBV a -> [Int] -> [SBool] -- | Variant of 'popCount', returning a symbolic value. sPopCount :: SBV a -> SWord8 -- | A combo of 'setBit' and 'clearBit', when the bit to be set is symbolic. setBitTo :: SBV a -> Int -> SBool -> SBV a -- | Full adder, returns carry-out from the addition. Only for unsigned quantities. fullAdder :: SBV a -> SBV a -> (SBool, SBV a) -- | Full multipler, returns both high and low-order bits. Only for unsigned quantities. fullMultiplier :: SBV a -> SBV a -> (SBV a, SBV a) -- | Count leading zeros in a word, big-endian interpretation. sCountLeadingZeros :: SBV a -> SWord8 -- | Count trailing zeros in a word, big-endian interpretation. sCountTrailingZeros :: SBV a -> SWord8 {-# MINIMAL sFiniteBitSize #-} -- Default implementations lsb (SBV v) = SBV (svTestBit v 0) msb x = sTestBit x (sFiniteBitSize x - 1) blastBE = reverse . blastLE blastLE x = map (sTestBit x) [0 .. intSizeOf x - 1] fromBitsBE = fromBitsLE . reverse fromBitsLE bs | length bs /= w = error $ "SBV.SFiniteBits.fromBitsLE/BE: Expected: " ++ show w ++ " bits, received: " ++ show (length bs) | True = result where w = sFiniteBitSize result result = go 0 0 bs go !acc _ [] = acc go !acc !i (x:xs) = go (ite x (setBit acc i) acc) (i+1) xs sTestBit (SBV x) i = SBV (svTestBit x i) sExtractBits x = map (sTestBit x) -- NB. 'sPopCount' returns an 'SWord8', which can overflow when used on quantities that have -- more than 255 bits. For the regular interface, this suffices for all types we support. -- For the Dynamic interface, if we ever implement this, this will fail for bit-vectors -- larger than that many bits. The alternative would be to return SInteger here, but that -- seems a total overkill for most use cases. If such is required, users are encouraged -- to define their own variants, which is rather easy. sPopCount x | isConcrete x = go 0 x | True = sum [ite b 1 0 | b <- blastLE x] where -- concrete case go !c 0 = c go !c w = go (c+1) (w .&. (w-1)) setBitTo x i b = ite b (setBit x i) (clearBit x i) fullAdder a b | isSigned a = error "fullAdder: only works on unsigned numbers" | True = (a .> s .|| b .> s, s) where s = a + b -- N.B. The higher-order bits are determined using a simple shift-add multiplier, -- thus involving bit-blasting. It'd be naive to expect SMT solvers to deal efficiently -- with properties involving this function, at least with the current state of the art. fullMultiplier a b | isSigned a = error "fullMultiplier: only works on unsigned numbers" | True = (go (sFiniteBitSize a) 0 a, a*b) where go 0 p _ = p go n p x = let (c, p') = ite (lsb x) (fullAdder p b) (sFalse, p) (o, p'') = shiftIn c p' (_, x') = shiftIn o x in go (n-1) p'' x' shiftIn k v = (lsb v, mask .|. (v `shiftR` 1)) where mask = ite k (bit (sFiniteBitSize v - 1)) 0 -- See the note for 'sPopCount' for a comment on why we return 'SWord8' sCountLeadingZeros x = fromIntegral m - go m where m = sFiniteBitSize x - 1 -- NB. When i is 0 below, which happens when x is 0 as we count all the way down, -- we return -1, which is equal to 2^n-1, giving us: n-1-(2^n-1) = n-2^n = n, as required, i.e., the bit-size. go :: Int -> SWord8 go i | i < 0 = i8 | True = ite (sTestBit x i) i8 (go (i-1)) where i8 = literal (fromIntegral i :: Word8) -- See the note for 'sPopCount' for a comment on why we return 'SWord8' sCountTrailingZeros x = go 0 where m = sFiniteBitSize x go :: Int -> SWord8 go i | i >= m = i8 | True = ite (sTestBit x i) i8 (go (i+1)) where i8 = literal (fromIntegral i :: Word8) -- 'SIntegral' Instances, skips Real/Float/Bool/Integer instance SFiniteBits Word8 where sFiniteBitSize _ = 8 instance SFiniteBits Word16 where sFiniteBitSize _ = 16 instance SFiniteBits Word32 where sFiniteBitSize _ = 32 instance SFiniteBits Word64 where sFiniteBitSize _ = 64 instance SFiniteBits Int8 where sFiniteBitSize _ = 8 instance SFiniteBits Int16 where sFiniteBitSize _ = 16 instance SFiniteBits Int32 where sFiniteBitSize _ = 32 instance SFiniteBits Int64 where sFiniteBitSize _ = 64 -- | Returns 1 if the boolean is 'sTrue', otherwise 0. oneIf :: (Ord a, Num a, SymVal a) => SBool -> SBV a oneIf t = ite t 1 0 -- | Lift a pseudo-boolean op, performing checks liftPB :: String -> PBOp -> [SBool] -> SBool liftPB w o xs | Just e <- check o = error $ "SBV." ++ w ++ ": " ++ e | True = result where check (PB_AtMost k) = pos k check (PB_AtLeast k) = pos k check (PB_Exactly k) = pos k check (PB_Le cs k) = pos k `mplus` match cs check (PB_Ge cs k) = pos k `mplus` match cs check (PB_Eq cs k) = pos k `mplus` match cs pos k | k < 0 = Just $ "comparison value must be positive, received: " ++ show k | True = Nothing match cs | any (< 0) cs = Just $ "coefficients must be non-negative. Received: " ++ show cs | lxs /= lcs = Just $ "coefficient length must match number of arguments. Received: " ++ show (lcs, lxs) | True = Nothing where lxs = length xs lcs = length cs result = SBV (SVal KBool (Right (cache r))) r st = do xsv <- mapM (sbvToSV st) xs -- PseudoBoolean's implicitly require support for integers, so make sure to register that kind! registerKind st KUnbounded newExpr st KBool (SBVApp (PseudoBoolean o) xsv) -- | 'sTrue' if at most @k@ of the input arguments are 'sTrue' pbAtMost :: [SBool] -> Int -> SBool pbAtMost xs k | k < 0 = error $ "SBV.pbAtMost: Non-negative value required, received: " ++ show k | all isConcrete xs = literal $ sum (map (pbToInteger "pbAtMost" 1) xs) <= fromIntegral k | True = liftPB "pbAtMost" (PB_AtMost k) xs -- | 'sTrue' if at least @k@ of the input arguments are 'sTrue' pbAtLeast :: [SBool] -> Int -> SBool pbAtLeast xs k | k < 0 = error $ "SBV.pbAtLeast: Non-negative value required, received: " ++ show k | all isConcrete xs = literal $ sum (map (pbToInteger "pbAtLeast" 1) xs) >= fromIntegral k | True = liftPB "pbAtLeast" (PB_AtLeast k) xs -- | 'sTrue' if exactly @k@ of the input arguments are 'sTrue' pbExactly :: [SBool] -> Int -> SBool pbExactly xs k | k < 0 = error $ "SBV.pbExactly: Non-negative value required, received: " ++ show k | all isConcrete xs = literal $ sum (map (pbToInteger "pbExactly" 1) xs) == fromIntegral k | True = liftPB "pbExactly" (PB_Exactly k) xs -- | 'sTrue' if the sum of coefficients for 'sTrue' elements is at most @k@. Generalizes 'pbAtMost'. pbLe :: [(Int, SBool)] -> Int -> SBool pbLe xs k | k < 0 = error $ "SBV.pbLe: Non-negative value required, received: " ++ show k | all isConcrete (map snd xs) = literal $ sum [pbToInteger "pbLe" c b | (c, b) <- xs] <= fromIntegral k | True = liftPB "pbLe" (PB_Le (map fst xs) k) (map snd xs) -- | 'sTrue' if the sum of coefficients for 'sTrue' elements is at least @k@. Generalizes 'pbAtLeast'. pbGe :: [(Int, SBool)] -> Int -> SBool pbGe xs k | k < 0 = error $ "SBV.pbGe: Non-negative value required, received: " ++ show k | all isConcrete (map snd xs) = literal $ sum [pbToInteger "pbGe" c b | (c, b) <- xs] >= fromIntegral k | True = liftPB "pbGe" (PB_Ge (map fst xs) k) (map snd xs) -- | 'sTrue' if the sum of coefficients for 'sTrue' elements is exactly least @k@. Useful for coding -- /exactly K-of-N/ constraints, and in particular mutex constraints. pbEq :: [(Int, SBool)] -> Int -> SBool pbEq xs k | k < 0 = error $ "SBV.pbEq: Non-negative value required, received: " ++ show k | all isConcrete (map snd xs) = literal $ sum [pbToInteger "pbEq" c b | (c, b) <- xs] == fromIntegral k | True = liftPB "pbEq" (PB_Eq (map fst xs) k) (map snd xs) -- | 'sTrue' if there is at most one set bit pbMutexed :: [SBool] -> SBool pbMutexed xs = pbAtMost xs 1 -- | 'sTrue' if there is exactly one set bit pbStronglyMutexed :: [SBool] -> SBool pbStronglyMutexed xs = pbExactly xs 1 -- | Convert a concrete pseudo-boolean to given int; converting to integer pbToInteger :: String -> Int -> SBool -> Integer pbToInteger w c b | c < 0 = error $ "SBV." ++ w ++ ": Non-negative coefficient required, received: " ++ show c | Just v <- unliteral b = if v then fromIntegral c else 0 | True = error $ "SBV.pbToInteger: Received a symbolic boolean: " ++ show (c, b) -- | Predicate for optimizing word operations like (+) and (*). isConcreteZero :: SBV a -> Bool isConcreteZero (SBV (SVal _ (Left (CV _ (CInteger n))))) = n == 0 isConcreteZero (SBV (SVal KReal (Left (CV KReal (CAlgReal v))))) = isExactRational v && v == 0 isConcreteZero _ = False -- | Predicate for optimizing word operations like (+) and (*). isConcreteOne :: SBV a -> Bool isConcreteOne (SBV (SVal _ (Left (CV _ (CInteger 1))))) = True isConcreteOne (SBV (SVal KReal (Left (CV KReal (CAlgReal v))))) = isExactRational v && v == 1 isConcreteOne _ = False -- Num instance for symbolic words. instance (Ord a, Num a, SymVal a) => Num (SBV a) where fromInteger = literal . fromIntegral SBV x + SBV y = SBV (svPlus x y) SBV x * SBV y = SBV (svTimes x y) SBV x - SBV y = SBV (svMinus x y) -- Abs is problematic for floating point, due to -0; case, so we carefully shuttle it down -- to the solver to avoid the can of worms. (Alternative would be to do an if-then-else here.) abs (SBV x) = SBV (svAbs x) signum a -- NB. The following "carefully" tests the number for == 0, as Float/Double's NaN and +/-0 -- cases would cause trouble with explicit equality tests. | hasSign a = ite (a .> z) i $ ite (a .< z) (negate i) a | True = ite (a .> z) i a where z = genLiteral (kindOf a) (0::Integer) i = genLiteral (kindOf a) (1::Integer) -- negate is tricky because on double/float -0 is different than 0; so we cannot -- just rely on the default definition; which would be 0-0, which is not -0! negate (SBV x) = SBV (svUNeg x) -- | Symbolic exponentiation using bit blasting and repeated squaring. -- -- N.B. The exponent must be unsigned/bounded if symbolic. Signed exponents will be rejected. (.^) :: (Mergeable b, Num b, SIntegral e) => b -> SBV e -> b b .^ e | isConcrete e, Just (x :: Integer) <- unliteral (sFromIntegral e) = if x >= 0 then let go n v | n == 0 = 1 | even n = go (n `div` 2) (v * v) | True = v * go (n `div` 2) (v * v) in go x b else error $ "(.^): exponentiation: negative exponent: " ++ show x | not (isBounded e) || isSigned e = error $ "(.^): exponentiation only works with unsigned bounded symbolic exponents, kind: " ++ show (kindOf e) | True = -- NB. We can't simply use sTestBit and blastLE since they have SFiniteBit requirement -- but we want to have SIntegral here only. let SBV expt = e expBit i = SBV (svTestBit expt i) blasted = map expBit [0 .. intSizeOf e - 1] in product $ zipWith (\use n -> ite use n 1) blasted (iterate (\x -> x*x) b) instance (Ord a, SymVal a, Fractional a) => Fractional (SBV a) where fromRational = literal . fromRational SBV x / sy@(SBV y) | div0 = ite (sy .== 0) 0 res | True = res where res = SBV (svDivide x y) -- Identify those kinds where we have a div-0 equals 0 exception div0 = case kindOf sy of KFloat -> False KDouble -> False KReal -> True -- Following cases should not happen since these types should *not* be instances of Fractional k@KBounded{} -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KUnbounded -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KBool -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KString -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KChar -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KList{} -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KSet{} -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KUninterpreted{} -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KTuple{} -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KMaybe{} -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k k@KEither{} -> error $ "Unexpected Fractional case for: " ++ show k -- | Define Floating instance on SBV's; only for base types that are already floating; i.e., SFloat and SDouble -- Note that most of the fields are "undefined" for symbolic values, we add methods as they are supported by SMTLib. -- Currently, the only symbolicly available function in this class is sqrt. instance (Ord a, SymVal a, Fractional a, Floating a) => Floating (SBV a) where pi = literal pi exp = lift1FNS "exp" exp log = lift1FNS "log" log sqrt = lift1F FP_Sqrt sqrt sin = lift1FNS "sin" sin cos = lift1FNS "cos" cos tan = lift1FNS "tan" tan asin = lift1FNS "asin" asin acos = lift1FNS "acos" acos atan = lift1FNS "atan" atan sinh = lift1FNS "sinh" sinh cosh = lift1FNS "cosh" cosh tanh = lift1FNS "tanh" tanh asinh = lift1FNS "asinh" asinh acosh = lift1FNS "acosh" acosh atanh = lift1FNS "atanh" atanh (**) = lift2FNS "**" (**) logBase = lift2FNS "logBase" logBase -- | Lift a 1 arg FP-op, using sRNE default lift1F :: SymVal a => FPOp -> (a -> a) -> SBV a -> SBV a lift1F w op a | Just v <- unliteral a = literal $ op v | True = SBV $ SVal k $ Right $ cache r where k = kindOf a r st = do swa <- sbvToSV st a swm <- sbvToSV st sRNE newExpr st k (SBVApp (IEEEFP w) [swm, swa]) -- | Lift a float/double unary function, only over constants lift1FNS :: (SymVal a, Floating a) => String -> (a -> a) -> SBV a -> SBV a lift1FNS nm f sv | Just v <- unliteral sv = literal $ f v | True = error $ "SBV." ++ nm ++ ": not supported for symbolic values of type " ++ show (kindOf sv) -- | Lift a float/double binary function, only over constants lift2FNS :: (SymVal a, Floating a) => String -> (a -> a -> a) -> SBV a -> SBV a -> SBV a lift2FNS nm f sv1 sv2 | Just v1 <- unliteral sv1 , Just v2 <- unliteral sv2 = literal $ f v1 v2 | True = error $ "SBV." ++ nm ++ ": not supported for symbolic values of type " ++ show (kindOf sv1) -- NB. In the optimizations below, use of -1 is valid as -- -1 has all bits set to True for both signed and unsigned values -- | Using 'popCount' or 'testBit' on non-concrete values will result in an -- error. Use 'sPopCount' or 'sTestBit' instead. instance (Ord a, Num a, Bits a, SymVal a) => Bits (SBV a) where SBV x .&. SBV y = SBV (svAnd x y) SBV x .|. SBV y = SBV (svOr x y) SBV x `xor` SBV y = SBV (svXOr x y) complement (SBV x) = SBV (svNot x) bitSize x = intSizeOf x bitSizeMaybe x = Just $ intSizeOf x isSigned x = hasSign x bit i = 1 `shiftL` i setBit x i = x .|. genLiteral (kindOf x) (bit i :: Integer) clearBit x i = x .&. genLiteral (kindOf x) (complement (bit i) :: Integer) complementBit x i = x `xor` genLiteral (kindOf x) (bit i :: Integer) shiftL (SBV x) i = SBV (svShl x i) shiftR (SBV x) i = SBV (svShr x i) rotateL (SBV x) i = SBV (svRol x i) rotateR (SBV x) i = SBV (svRor x i) -- NB. testBit is *not* implementable on non-concrete symbolic words x `testBit` i | SBV (SVal _ (Left (CV _ (CInteger n)))) <- x = testBit n i | True = error $ "SBV.testBit: Called on symbolic value: " ++ show x ++ ". Use sTestBit instead." -- NB. popCount is *not* implementable on non-concrete symbolic words popCount x | SBV (SVal _ (Left (CV (KBounded _ w) (CInteger n)))) <- x = popCount (n .&. (bit w - 1)) | True = error $ "SBV.popCount: Called on symbolic value: " ++ show x ++ ". Use sPopCount instead." -- | Conversion between integral-symbolic values, akin to Haskell's `fromIntegral` sFromIntegral :: forall a b. (Integral a, HasKind a, Num a, SymVal a, HasKind b, Num b, SymVal b) => SBV a -> SBV b sFromIntegral x | isReal x = error "SBV.sFromIntegral: Called on a real value" -- can't really happen due to types, but being overcautious | Just v <- unliteral x = literal (fromIntegral v) | True = result where result = SBV (SVal kTo (Right (cache y))) kFrom = kindOf x kTo = kindOf (Proxy @b) y st = do xsv <- sbvToSV st x newExpr st kTo (SBVApp (KindCast kFrom kTo) [xsv]) -- | Lift a binary operation thru it's dynamic counterpart. Note that -- we still want the actual functions here as differ in their type -- compared to their dynamic counterparts, but the implementations -- are the same. liftViaSVal :: (SVal -> SVal -> SVal) -> SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV c liftViaSVal f (SBV a) (SBV b) = SBV $ f a b -- | Generalization of 'shiftL', when the shift-amount is symbolic. Since Haskell's -- 'shiftL' only takes an 'Int' as the shift amount, it cannot be used when we have -- a symbolic amount to shift with. sShiftLeft :: (SIntegral a, SIntegral b) => SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV a sShiftLeft = liftViaSVal svShiftLeft -- | Generalization of 'shiftR', when the shift-amount is symbolic. Since Haskell's -- 'shiftR' only takes an 'Int' as the shift amount, it cannot be used when we have -- a symbolic amount to shift with. -- -- NB. If the shiftee is signed, then this is an arithmetic shift; otherwise it's logical, -- following the usual Haskell convention. See 'sSignedShiftArithRight' for a variant -- that explicitly uses the msb as the sign bit, even for unsigned underlying types. sShiftRight :: (SIntegral a, SIntegral b) => SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV a sShiftRight = liftViaSVal svShiftRight -- | Arithmetic shift-right with a symbolic unsigned shift amount. This is equivalent -- to 'sShiftRight' when the argument is signed. However, if the argument is unsigned, -- then it explicitly treats its msb as a sign-bit, and uses it as the bit that -- gets shifted in. Useful when using the underlying unsigned bit representation to implement -- custom signed operations. Note that there is no direct Haskell analogue of this function. sSignedShiftArithRight:: (SFiniteBits a, SIntegral b) => SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV a sSignedShiftArithRight x i | isSigned i = error "sSignedShiftArithRight: shift amount should be unsigned" | isSigned x = ssa x i | True = ite (msb x) (complement (ssa (complement x) i)) (ssa x i) where ssa = liftViaSVal svShiftRight -- | Generalization of 'rotateL', when the shift-amount is symbolic. Since Haskell's -- 'rotateL' only takes an 'Int' as the shift amount, it cannot be used when we have -- a symbolic amount to shift with. The first argument should be a bounded quantity. sRotateLeft :: (SIntegral a, SIntegral b) => SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV a sRotateLeft = liftViaSVal svRotateLeft -- | An implementation of rotate-left, using a barrel shifter like design. Only works when both -- arguments are finite bitvectors, and furthermore when the second argument is unsigned. -- The first condition is enforced by the type, but the second is dynamically checked. -- We provide this implementation as an alternative to `sRotateLeft` since SMTLib logic -- does not support variable argument rotates (as opposed to shifts), and thus this -- implementation can produce better code for verification compared to `sRotateLeft`. -- -- >>> prove $ \x y -> (x `sBarrelRotateLeft` y) `sBarrelRotateRight` (y :: SWord32) .== (x :: SWord64) -- Q.E.D. sBarrelRotateLeft :: (SFiniteBits a, SFiniteBits b) => SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV a sBarrelRotateLeft = liftViaSVal svBarrelRotateLeft -- | Generalization of 'rotateR', when the shift-amount is symbolic. Since Haskell's -- 'rotateR' only takes an 'Int' as the shift amount, it cannot be used when we have -- a symbolic amount to shift with. The first argument should be a bounded quantity. sRotateRight :: (SIntegral a, SIntegral b) => SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV a sRotateRight = liftViaSVal svRotateRight -- | An implementation of rotate-right, using a barrel shifter like design. See comments -- for `sBarrelRotateLeft` for details. -- -- >>> prove $ \x y -> (x `sBarrelRotateRight` y) `sBarrelRotateLeft` (y :: SWord32) .== (x :: SWord64) -- Q.E.D. sBarrelRotateRight :: (SFiniteBits a, SFiniteBits b) => SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV a sBarrelRotateRight = liftViaSVal svBarrelRotateRight -- Enum instance. These instances are suitable for use with concrete values, -- and will be less useful for symbolic values around. Note that `fromEnum` requires -- a concrete argument for obvious reasons. Other variants (succ, pred, [x..]) etc are similarly -- limited. While symbolic variants can be defined for many of these, they will just diverge -- as final sizes cannot be determined statically. instance (Show a, Bounded a, Integral a, Num a, SymVal a) => Enum (SBV a) where succ x | v == (maxBound :: a) = error $ "Enum.succ{" ++ showType x ++ "}: tried to take `succ' of maxBound" | True = fromIntegral $ v + 1 where v = enumCvt "succ" x pred x | v == (minBound :: a) = error $ "Enum.pred{" ++ showType x ++ "}: tried to take `pred' of minBound" | True = fromIntegral $ v - 1 where v = enumCvt "pred" x toEnum x | xi < fromIntegral (minBound :: a) || xi > fromIntegral (maxBound :: a) = error $ "Enum.toEnum{" ++ showType r ++ "}: " ++ show x ++ " is out-of-bounds " ++ show (minBound :: a, maxBound :: a) | True = r where xi :: Integer xi = fromIntegral x r :: SBV a r = fromIntegral x fromEnum x | r < fromIntegral (minBound :: Int) || r > fromIntegral (maxBound :: Int) = error $ "Enum.fromEnum{" ++ showType x ++ "}: value " ++ show r ++ " is outside of Int's bounds " ++ show (minBound :: Int, maxBound :: Int) | True = fromIntegral r where r :: Integer r = enumCvt "fromEnum" x enumFrom x = map fromIntegral [xi .. fromIntegral (maxBound :: a)] where xi :: Integer xi = enumCvt "enumFrom" x enumFromThen x y | yi >= xi = map fromIntegral [xi, yi .. fromIntegral (maxBound :: a)] | True = map fromIntegral [xi, yi .. fromIntegral (minBound :: a)] where xi, yi :: Integer xi = enumCvt "enumFromThen.x" x yi = enumCvt "enumFromThen.y" y enumFromThenTo x y z = map fromIntegral [xi, yi .. zi] where xi, yi, zi :: Integer xi = enumCvt "enumFromThenTo.x" x yi = enumCvt "enumFromThenTo.y" y zi = enumCvt "enumFromThenTo.z" z -- | Helper function for use in enum operations enumCvt :: (SymVal a, Integral a, Num b) => String -> SBV a -> b enumCvt w x = case unliteral x of Nothing -> error $ "Enum." ++ w ++ "{" ++ showType x ++ "}: Called on symbolic value " ++ show x Just v -> fromIntegral v -- | The 'SDivisible' class captures the essence of division. -- Unfortunately we cannot use Haskell's 'Integral' class since the 'Real' -- and 'Enum' superclasses are not implementable for symbolic bit-vectors. -- However, 'quotRem' and 'divMod' both make perfect sense, and the 'SDivisible' class captures -- this operation. One issue is how division by 0 behaves. The verification -- technology requires total functions, and there are several design choices -- here. We follow Isabelle/HOL approach of assigning the value 0 for division -- by 0. Therefore, we impose the following pair of laws: -- -- @ -- x `sQuotRem` 0 = (0, x) -- x `sDivMod` 0 = (0, x) -- @ -- -- Note that our instances implement this law even when @x@ is @0@ itself. -- -- NB. 'quot' truncates toward zero, while 'div' truncates toward negative infinity. class SDivisible a where sQuotRem :: a -> a -> (a, a) sDivMod :: a -> a -> (a, a) sQuot :: a -> a -> a sRem :: a -> a -> a sDiv :: a -> a -> a sMod :: a -> a -> a {-# MINIMAL sQuotRem, sDivMod #-} x `sQuot` y = fst $ x `sQuotRem` y x `sRem` y = snd $ x `sQuotRem` y x `sDiv` y = fst $ x `sDivMod` y x `sMod` y = snd $ x `sDivMod` y instance SDivisible Word64 where sQuotRem x 0 = (0, x) sQuotRem x y = x `quotRem` y sDivMod x 0 = (0, x) sDivMod x y = x `divMod` y instance SDivisible Int64 where sQuotRem x 0 = (0, x) sQuotRem x y = x `quotRem` y sDivMod x 0 = (0, x) sDivMod x y = x `divMod` y instance SDivisible Word32 where sQuotRem x 0 = (0, x) sQuotRem x y = x `quotRem` y sDivMod x 0 = (0, x) sDivMod x y = x `divMod` y instance SDivisible Int32 where sQuotRem x 0 = (0, x) sQuotRem x y = x `quotRem` y sDivMod x 0 = (0, x) sDivMod x y = x `divMod` y instance SDivisible Word16 where sQuotRem x 0 = (0, x) sQuotRem x y = x `quotRem` y sDivMod x 0 = (0, x) sDivMod x y = x `divMod` y instance SDivisible Int16 where sQuotRem x 0 = (0, x) sQuotRem x y = x `quotRem` y sDivMod x 0 = (0, x) sDivMod x y = x `divMod` y instance SDivisible Word8 where sQuotRem x 0 = (0, x) sQuotRem x y = x `quotRem` y sDivMod x 0 = (0, x) sDivMod x y = x `divMod` y instance SDivisible Int8 where sQuotRem x 0 = (0, x) sQuotRem x y = x `quotRem` y sDivMod x 0 = (0, x) sDivMod x y = x `divMod` y instance SDivisible Integer where sQuotRem x 0 = (0, x) sQuotRem x y = x `quotRem` y sDivMod x 0 = (0, x) sDivMod x y = x `divMod` y instance SDivisible CV where sQuotRem a b | CInteger x <- cvVal a, CInteger y <- cvVal b = let (r1, r2) = sQuotRem x y in (normCV a{ cvVal = CInteger r1 }, normCV b{ cvVal = CInteger r2 }) sQuotRem a b = error $ "SBV.sQuotRem: impossible, unexpected args received: " ++ show (a, b) sDivMod a b | CInteger x <- cvVal a, CInteger y <- cvVal b = let (r1, r2) = sDivMod x y in (normCV a{ cvVal = CInteger r1 }, normCV b{ cvVal = CInteger r2 }) sDivMod a b = error $ "SBV.sDivMod: impossible, unexpected args received: " ++ show (a, b) instance SDivisible SWord64 where sQuotRem = liftQRem sDivMod = liftDMod instance SDivisible SInt64 where sQuotRem = liftQRem sDivMod = liftDMod instance SDivisible SWord32 where sQuotRem = liftQRem sDivMod = liftDMod instance SDivisible SInt32 where sQuotRem = liftQRem sDivMod = liftDMod instance SDivisible SWord16 where sQuotRem = liftQRem sDivMod = liftDMod instance SDivisible SInt16 where sQuotRem = liftQRem sDivMod = liftDMod instance SDivisible SWord8 where sQuotRem = liftQRem sDivMod = liftDMod instance SDivisible SInt8 where sQuotRem = liftQRem sDivMod = liftDMod -- | Lift 'quotRem' to symbolic words. Division by 0 is defined s.t. @x/0 = 0@; which -- holds even when @x@ is @0@ itself. liftQRem :: (Eq a, SymVal a) => SBV a -> SBV a -> (SBV a, SBV a) liftQRem x y | isConcreteZero x = (x, x) | isConcreteOne y = (x, z) {------------------------------- - N.B. The seemingly innocuous variant when y == -1 only holds if the type is signed; - and also is problematic around the minBound.. So, we refrain from that optimization | isConcreteOnes y = (-x, z) --------------------------------} | True = ite (y .== z) (z, x) (qr x y) where qr (SBV (SVal sgnsz (Left a))) (SBV (SVal _ (Left b))) = let (q, r) = sQuotRem a b in (SBV (SVal sgnsz (Left q)), SBV (SVal sgnsz (Left r))) qr a@(SBV (SVal sgnsz _)) b = (SBV (SVal sgnsz (Right (cache (mk Quot)))), SBV (SVal sgnsz (Right (cache (mk Rem))))) where mk o st = do sw1 <- sbvToSV st a sw2 <- sbvToSV st b mkSymOp o st sgnsz sw1 sw2 z = genLiteral (kindOf x) (0::Integer) -- | Lift 'divMod' to symbolic words. Division by 0 is defined s.t. @x/0 = 0@; which -- holds even when @x@ is @0@ itself. Essentially, this is conversion from quotRem -- (truncate to 0) to divMod (truncate towards negative infinity) liftDMod :: (Ord a, SymVal a, Num a, SDivisible (SBV a)) => SBV a -> SBV a -> (SBV a, SBV a) liftDMod x y | isConcreteZero x = (x, x) | isConcreteOne y = (x, z) {------------------------------- - N.B. The seemingly innocuous variant when y == -1 only holds if the type is signed; - and also is problematic around the minBound.. So, we refrain from that optimization | isConcreteOnes y = (-x, z) --------------------------------} | True = ite (y .== z) (z, x) $ ite (signum r .== negate (signum y)) (q-i, r+y) qr where qr@(q, r) = x `sQuotRem` y z = genLiteral (kindOf x) (0::Integer) i = genLiteral (kindOf x) (1::Integer) -- SInteger instance for quotRem/divMod are tricky! -- SMT-Lib only has Euclidean operations, but Haskell -- uses "truncate to 0" for quotRem, and "truncate to negative infinity" for divMod. -- So, we cannot just use the above liftings directly. instance SDivisible SInteger where sDivMod = liftDMod sQuotRem x y | not (isSymbolic x || isSymbolic y) = liftQRem x y | True = ite (y .== 0) (0, x) (qE+i, rE-i*y) where (qE, rE) = liftQRem x y -- for integers, this is euclidean due to SMTLib semantics i = ite (x .>= 0 .|| rE .== 0) 0 $ ite (y .> 0) 1 (-1) -- Quickcheck interface instance (SymVal a, Arbitrary a) => Arbitrary (SBV a) where arbitrary = literal `fmap` arbitrary -- | Symbolic conditionals are modeled by the 'Mergeable' class, describing -- how to merge the results of an if-then-else call with a symbolic test. SBV -- provides all basic types as instances of this class, so users only need -- to declare instances for custom data-types of their programs as needed. -- -- A 'Mergeable' instance may be automatically derived for a custom data-type -- with a single constructor where the type of each field is an instance of -- 'Mergeable', such as a record of symbolic values. Users only need to add -- 'G.Generic' and 'Mergeable' to the @deriving@ clause for the data-type. See -- 'Documentation.SBV.Examples.Puzzles.U2Bridge.Status' for an example and an -- illustration of what the instance would look like if written by hand. -- -- The function 'select' is a total-indexing function out of a list of choices -- with a default value, simulating array/list indexing. It's an n-way generalization -- of the 'ite' function. -- -- Minimal complete definition: None, if the type is instance of @Generic@. Otherwise -- 'symbolicMerge'. Note that most types subject to merging are likely to be -- trivial instances of @Generic@. class Mergeable a where -- | Merge two values based on the condition. The first argument states -- whether we force the then-and-else branches before the merging, at the -- word level. This is an efficiency concern; one that we'd rather not -- make but unfortunately necessary for getting symbolic simulation -- working efficiently. symbolicMerge :: Bool -> SBool -> a -> a -> a -- | Total indexing operation. @select xs default index@ is intuitively -- the same as @xs !! index@, except it evaluates to @default@ if @index@ -- underflows/overflows. select :: (Ord b, SymVal b, Num b) => [a] -> a -> SBV b -> a -- NB. Earlier implementation of select used the binary-search trick -- on the index to chop down the search space. While that is a good trick -- in general, it doesn't work for SBV since we do not have any notion of -- "concrete" subwords: If an index is symbolic, then all its bits are -- symbolic as well. So, the binary search only pays off only if the indexed -- list is really humongous, which is not very common in general. (Also, -- for the case when the list is bit-vectors, we use SMT tables anyhow.) select xs err ind | isReal ind = bad "real" | isFloat ind = bad "float" | isDouble ind = bad "double" | hasSign ind = ite (ind .< 0) err (walk xs ind err) | True = walk xs ind err where bad w = error $ "SBV.select: unsupported " ++ w ++ " valued select/index expression" walk [] _ acc = acc walk (e:es) i acc = walk es (i-1) (ite (i .== 0) e acc) -- Default implementation for 'symbolicMerge' if the type is 'Generic' default symbolicMerge :: (G.Generic a, GMergeable (G.Rep a)) => Bool -> SBool -> a -> a -> a symbolicMerge = symbolicMergeDefault -- | If-then-else. This is by definition 'symbolicMerge' with both -- branches forced. This is typically the desired behavior, but also -- see 'iteLazy' should you need more laziness. ite :: Mergeable a => SBool -> a -> a -> a ite t a b | Just r <- unliteral t = if r then a else b | True = symbolicMerge True t a b -- | A Lazy version of ite, which does not force its arguments. This might -- cause issues for symbolic simulation with large thunks around, so use with -- care. iteLazy :: Mergeable a => SBool -> a -> a -> a iteLazy t a b | Just r <- unliteral t = if r then a else b | True = symbolicMerge False t a b -- | Symbolic assert. Check that the given boolean condition is always 'sTrue' in the given path. The -- optional first argument can be used to provide call-stack info via GHC's location facilities. sAssert :: HasKind a => Maybe CallStack -> String -> SBool -> SBV a -> SBV a sAssert cs msg cond x | Just mustHold <- unliteral cond = if mustHold then x else error $ show $ SafeResult ((locInfo . getCallStack) `fmap` cs, msg, Satisfiable defaultSMTCfg (SMTModel [] Nothing [] [])) | True = SBV $ SVal k $ Right $ cache r where k = kindOf x r st = do xsv <- sbvToSV st x let pc = getPathCondition st -- We're checking if there are any cases where the path-condition holds, but not the condition -- Any violations of this, should be signaled, i.e., whenever the following formula is satisfiable mustNeverHappen = pc .&& sNot cond cnd <- sbvToSV st mustNeverHappen addAssertion st cs msg cnd return xsv locInfo ps = intercalate ",\n " (map loc ps) where loc (f, sl) = concat [srcLocFile sl, ":", show (srcLocStartLine sl), ":", show (srcLocStartCol sl), ":", f] -- | Merge two symbolic values, at kind @k@, possibly @force@'ing the branches to make -- sure they do not evaluate to the same result. This should only be used for internal purposes; -- as default definitions provided should suffice in many cases. (i.e., End users should -- only need to define 'symbolicMerge' when needed; which should be rare to start with.) symbolicMergeWithKind :: Kind -> Bool -> SBool -> SBV a -> SBV a -> SBV a symbolicMergeWithKind k force (SBV t) (SBV a) (SBV b) = SBV (svSymbolicMerge k force t a b) instance SymVal a => Mergeable (SBV a) where symbolicMerge force t x y -- Carefully use the kindOf instance to avoid strictness issues. | force = symbolicMergeWithKind (kindOf x) True t x y | True = symbolicMergeWithKind (kindOf (Proxy @a)) False t x y -- Custom version of select that translates to SMT-Lib tables at the base type of words select xs err ind | SBV (SVal _ (Left c)) <- ind = case cvVal c of CInteger i -> if i < 0 || i >= genericLength xs then err else xs `genericIndex` i _ -> error $ "SBV.select: unsupported " ++ show (kindOf ind) ++ " valued select/index expression" select xsOrig err ind = xs `seq` SBV (SVal kElt (Right (cache r))) where kInd = kindOf ind kElt = kindOf err -- Based on the index size, we need to limit the elements. For instance if the index is 8 bits, but there -- are 257 elements, that last element will never be used and we can chop it of.. xs = case kindOf ind of KBounded False i -> genericTake ((2::Integer) ^ (fromIntegral i :: Integer)) xsOrig KBounded True i -> genericTake ((2::Integer) ^ (fromIntegral (i-1) :: Integer)) xsOrig KUnbounded -> xsOrig _ -> error $ "SBV.select: unsupported " ++ show (kindOf ind) ++ " valued select/index expression" r st = do sws <- mapM (sbvToSV st) xs swe <- sbvToSV st err if all (== swe) sws -- off-chance that all elts are the same. Note that this also correctly covers the case when list is empty. then return swe else do idx <- getTableIndex st kInd kElt sws swi <- sbvToSV st ind let len = length xs -- NB. No need to worry here that the index might be < 0; as the SMTLib translation takes care of that automatically newExpr st kElt (SBVApp (LkUp (idx, kInd, kElt, len) swi swe) []) -- Unit instance Mergeable () where symbolicMerge _ _ _ _ = () select _ _ _ = () -- | Construct a useful error message if we hit an unmergeable case. cannotMerge :: String -> String -> String -> a cannotMerge typ why hint = error $ unlines [ "" , "*** Data.SBV.Mergeable: Cannot merge instances of " ++ typ ++ "." , "*** While trying to do a symbolic if-then-else with incompatible branch results." , "***" , "*** " ++ why , "*** " , "*** Hint: " ++ hint ] -- Mergeable instances for List/Maybe/Either/Array are useful, but can -- throw exceptions if there is no structural matching of the results -- It's a question whether we should really keep them.. -- Lists instance Mergeable a => Mergeable [a] where symbolicMerge f t xs ys | lxs == lys = zipWith (symbolicMerge f t) xs ys | True = cannotMerge "lists" ("Branches produce different sizes: " ++ show lxs ++ " vs " ++ show lys ++ ". Must have the same length.") "Use the 'SList' type (and Data.SBV.List routines) to model fully symbolic lists." where (lxs, lys) = (length xs, length ys) -- ZipList instance Mergeable a => Mergeable (ZipList a) where symbolicMerge force test (ZipList xs) (ZipList ys) = ZipList (symbolicMerge force test xs ys) -- Maybe instance Mergeable a => Mergeable (Maybe a) where symbolicMerge _ _ Nothing Nothing = Nothing symbolicMerge f t (Just a) (Just b) = Just $ symbolicMerge f t a b symbolicMerge _ _ a b = cannotMerge "'Maybe' values" ("Branches produce different constructors: " ++ show (k a, k b)) "Instead of an option type, try using a valid bit to indicate when a result is valid." where k Nothing = "Nothing" k _ = "Just" -- Either instance (Mergeable a, Mergeable b) => Mergeable (Either a b) where symbolicMerge f t (Left a) (Left b) = Left $ symbolicMerge f t a b symbolicMerge f t (Right a) (Right b) = Right $ symbolicMerge f t a b symbolicMerge _ _ a b = cannotMerge "'Either' values" ("Branches produce different constructors: " ++ show (k a, k b)) "Consider using a product type by a tag instead." where k (Left _) = "Left" k (Right _) = "Right" -- Arrays instance (Ix a, Mergeable b) => Mergeable (Array a b) where symbolicMerge f t a b | ba == bb = listArray ba (zipWith (symbolicMerge f t) (elems a) (elems b)) | True = cannotMerge "'Array' values" ("Branches produce different ranges: " ++ show (k ba, k bb)) "Consider using SBV's native arrays 'SArray' and 'SFunArray' instead." where [ba, bb] = map bounds [a, b] k = rangeSize -- Functions instance Mergeable b => Mergeable (a -> b) where symbolicMerge f t g h x = symbolicMerge f t (g x) (h x) {- Following definition, while correct, is utterly inefficient. Since the application is delayed, this hangs on to the inner list and all the impending merges, even when ind is concrete. Thus, it's much better to simply use the default definition for the function case. -} -- select xs err ind = \x -> select (map ($ x) xs) (err x) ind -- 2-Tuple instance (Mergeable a, Mergeable b) => Mergeable (a, b) where symbolicMerge f t (i0, i1) (j0, j1) = ( symbolicMerge f t i0 j0 , symbolicMerge f t i1 j1 ) select xs (err1, err2) ind = ( select as err1 ind , select bs err2 ind ) where (as, bs) = unzip xs -- 3-Tuple instance (Mergeable a, Mergeable b, Mergeable c) => Mergeable (a, b, c) where symbolicMerge f t (i0, i1, i2) (j0, j1, j2) = ( symbolicMerge f t i0 j0 , symbolicMerge f t i1 j1 , symbolicMerge f t i2 j2 ) select xs (err1, err2, err3) ind = ( select as err1 ind , select bs err2 ind , select cs err3 ind ) where (as, bs, cs) = unzip3 xs -- 4-Tuple instance (Mergeable a, Mergeable b, Mergeable c, Mergeable d) => Mergeable (a, b, c, d) where symbolicMerge f t (i0, i1, i2, i3) (j0, j1, j2, j3) = ( symbolicMerge f t i0 j0 , symbolicMerge f t i1 j1 , symbolicMerge f t i2 j2 , symbolicMerge f t i3 j3 ) select xs (err1, err2, err3, err4) ind = ( select as err1 ind , select bs err2 ind , select cs err3 ind , select ds err4 ind ) where (as, bs, cs, ds) = unzip4 xs -- 5-Tuple instance (Mergeable a, Mergeable b, Mergeable c, Mergeable d, Mergeable e) => Mergeable (a, b, c, d, e) where symbolicMerge f t (i0, i1, i2, i3, i4) (j0, j1, j2, j3, j4) = ( symbolicMerge f t i0 j0 , symbolicMerge f t i1 j1 , symbolicMerge f t i2 j2 , symbolicMerge f t i3 j3 , symbolicMerge f t i4 j4 ) select xs (err1, err2, err3, err4, err5) ind = ( select as err1 ind , select bs err2 ind , select cs err3 ind , select ds err4 ind , select es err5 ind ) where (as, bs, cs, ds, es) = unzip5 xs -- 6-Tuple instance (Mergeable a, Mergeable b, Mergeable c, Mergeable d, Mergeable e, Mergeable f) => Mergeable (a, b, c, d, e, f) where symbolicMerge f t (i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5) (j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5) = ( symbolicMerge f t i0 j0 , symbolicMerge f t i1 j1 , symbolicMerge f t i2 j2 , symbolicMerge f t i3 j3 , symbolicMerge f t i4 j4 , symbolicMerge f t i5 j5 ) select xs (err1, err2, err3, err4, err5, err6) ind = ( select as err1 ind , select bs err2 ind , select cs err3 ind , select ds err4 ind , select es err5 ind , select fs err6 ind ) where (as, bs, cs, ds, es, fs) = unzip6 xs -- 7-Tuple instance (Mergeable a, Mergeable b, Mergeable c, Mergeable d, Mergeable e, Mergeable f, Mergeable g) => Mergeable (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) where symbolicMerge f t (i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6) (j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5, j6) = ( symbolicMerge f t i0 j0 , symbolicMerge f t i1 j1 , symbolicMerge f t i2 j2 , symbolicMerge f t i3 j3 , symbolicMerge f t i4 j4 , symbolicMerge f t i5 j5 , symbolicMerge f t i6 j6 ) select xs (err1, err2, err3, err4, err5, err6, err7) ind = ( select as err1 ind , select bs err2 ind , select cs err3 ind , select ds err4 ind , select es err5 ind , select fs err6 ind , select gs err7 ind ) where (as, bs, cs, ds, es, fs, gs) = unzip7 xs -- Arbitrary product types, using GHC.Generics -- -- NB: Because of the way GHC.Generics works, the implementation of -- symbolicMerge' is recursive. The derived instance for @data T a = T a a a a@ -- resembles that for (a, (a, (a, a))), not the flat 4-tuple (a, a, a, a). This -- difference should have no effect in practice. Note also that, unlike the -- hand-rolled tuple instances, the generic instance does not provide a custom -- 'select' implementation, and so does not benefit from the SMT-table -- implementation in the 'SBV a' instance. -- | Not exported. Symbolic merge using the generic representation provided by -- 'G.Generics'. symbolicMergeDefault :: (G.Generic a, GMergeable (G.Rep a)) => Bool -> SBool -> a -> a -> a symbolicMergeDefault force t x y = G.to $ symbolicMerge' force t (G.from x) (G.from y) -- | Not exported. Used only in 'symbolicMergeDefault'. Instances are provided for -- the generic representations of product types where each element is Mergeable. class GMergeable f where symbolicMerge' :: Bool -> SBool -> f a -> f a -> f a instance GMergeable U1 where symbolicMerge' _ _ _ _ = U1 instance (Mergeable c) => GMergeable (K1 i c) where symbolicMerge' force t (K1 x) (K1 y) = K1 $ symbolicMerge force t x y instance (GMergeable f) => GMergeable (M1 i c f) where symbolicMerge' force t (M1 x) (M1 y) = M1 $ symbolicMerge' force t x y instance (GMergeable f, GMergeable g) => GMergeable (f :*: g) where symbolicMerge' force t (x1 :*: y1) (x2 :*: y2) = symbolicMerge' force t x1 x2 :*: symbolicMerge' force t y1 y2 -- Bounded instances instance (SymVal a, Bounded a) => Bounded (SBV a) where minBound = literal minBound maxBound = literal maxBound -- Arrays -- SArrays are both "EqSymbolic" and "Mergeable" instance EqSymbolic (SArray a b) where SArray a .== SArray b = SBV (a `eqSArr` b) -- When merging arrays; we'll ignore the force argument. This is arguably -- the right thing to do as we've too many things and likely we want to keep it efficient. instance SymVal b => Mergeable (SArray a b) where symbolicMerge _ = mergeArrays -- When merging arrays; we'll ignore the force argument. This is arguably -- the right thing to do as we've too many things and likely we want to keep it efficient. instance SymVal b => Mergeable (SFunArray a b) where symbolicMerge _ = mergeArrays -- | Uninterpreted constants and functions. An uninterpreted constant is -- a value that is indexed by its name. The only property the prover assumes -- about these values are that they are equivalent to themselves; i.e., (for -- functions) they return the same results when applied to same arguments. -- We support uninterpreted-functions as a general means of black-box'ing -- operations that are /irrelevant/ for the purposes of the proof; i.e., when -- the proofs can be performed without any knowledge about the function itself. -- -- Minimal complete definition: 'sbvUninterpret'. However, most instances in -- practice are already provided by SBV, so end-users should not need to define their -- own instances. class Uninterpreted a where -- | Uninterpret a value, receiving an object that can be used instead. Use this version -- when you do not need to add an axiom about this value. uninterpret :: String -> a -- | Uninterpret a value, only for the purposes of code-generation. For execution -- and verification the value is used as is. For code-generation, the alternate -- definition is used. This is useful when we want to take advantage of native -- libraries on the target languages. cgUninterpret :: String -> [String] -> a -> a -- | Most generalized form of uninterpretation, this function should not be needed -- by end-user-code, but is rather useful for the library development. sbvUninterpret :: Maybe ([String], a) -> String -> a {-# MINIMAL sbvUninterpret #-} -- defaults: uninterpret = sbvUninterpret Nothing cgUninterpret nm code v = sbvUninterpret (Just (code, v)) nm -- Plain constants instance HasKind a => Uninterpreted (SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm | Just (_, v) <- mbCgData = v | True = SBV $ SVal ka $ Right $ cache result where ka = kindOf (Proxy @a) result st = do isSMT <- inSMTMode st case (isSMT, mbCgData) of (True, Just (_, v)) -> sbvToSV st v _ -> do newUninterpreted st nm (SBVType [ka]) (fst `fmap` mbCgData) newExpr st ka $ SBVApp (Uninterpreted nm) [] -- Functions of one argument instance (SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted (SBV b -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = f where f arg0 | Just (_, v) <- mbCgData, isConcrete arg0 = v arg0 | True = SBV $ SVal ka $ Right $ cache result where ka = kindOf (Proxy @a) kb = kindOf (Proxy @b) result st = do isSMT <- inSMTMode st case (isSMT, mbCgData) of (True, Just (_, v)) -> sbvToSV st (v arg0) _ -> do newUninterpreted st nm (SBVType [kb, ka]) (fst `fmap` mbCgData) sw0 <- sbvToSV st arg0 mapM_ forceSVArg [sw0] newExpr st ka $ SBVApp (Uninterpreted nm) [sw0] -- Functions of two arguments instance (SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted (SBV c -> SBV b -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = f where f arg0 arg1 | Just (_, v) <- mbCgData, isConcrete arg0, isConcrete arg1 = v arg0 arg1 | True = SBV $ SVal ka $ Right $ cache result where ka = kindOf (Proxy @a) kb = kindOf (Proxy @b) kc = kindOf (Proxy @c) result st = do isSMT <- inSMTMode st case (isSMT, mbCgData) of (True, Just (_, v)) -> sbvToSV st (v arg0 arg1) _ -> do newUninterpreted st nm (SBVType [kc, kb, ka]) (fst `fmap` mbCgData) sw0 <- sbvToSV st arg0 sw1 <- sbvToSV st arg1 mapM_ forceSVArg [sw0, sw1] newExpr st ka $ SBVApp (Uninterpreted nm) [sw0, sw1] -- Functions of three arguments instance (SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted (SBV d -> SBV c -> SBV b -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = f where f arg0 arg1 arg2 | Just (_, v) <- mbCgData, isConcrete arg0, isConcrete arg1, isConcrete arg2 = v arg0 arg1 arg2 | True = SBV $ SVal ka $ Right $ cache result where ka = kindOf (Proxy @a) kb = kindOf (Proxy @b) kc = kindOf (Proxy @c) kd = kindOf (Proxy @d) result st = do isSMT <- inSMTMode st case (isSMT, mbCgData) of (True, Just (_, v)) -> sbvToSV st (v arg0 arg1 arg2) _ -> do newUninterpreted st nm (SBVType [kd, kc, kb, ka]) (fst `fmap` mbCgData) sw0 <- sbvToSV st arg0 sw1 <- sbvToSV st arg1 sw2 <- sbvToSV st arg2 mapM_ forceSVArg [sw0, sw1, sw2] newExpr st ka $ SBVApp (Uninterpreted nm) [sw0, sw1, sw2] -- Functions of four arguments instance (SymVal e, SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted (SBV e -> SBV d -> SBV c -> SBV b -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = f where f arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 | Just (_, v) <- mbCgData, isConcrete arg0, isConcrete arg1, isConcrete arg2, isConcrete arg3 = v arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 | True = SBV $ SVal ka $ Right $ cache result where ka = kindOf (Proxy @a) kb = kindOf (Proxy @b) kc = kindOf (Proxy @c) kd = kindOf (Proxy @d) ke = kindOf (Proxy @e) result st = do isSMT <- inSMTMode st case (isSMT, mbCgData) of (True, Just (_, v)) -> sbvToSV st (v arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3) _ -> do newUninterpreted st nm (SBVType [ke, kd, kc, kb, ka]) (fst `fmap` mbCgData) sw0 <- sbvToSV st arg0 sw1 <- sbvToSV st arg1 sw2 <- sbvToSV st arg2 sw3 <- sbvToSV st arg3 mapM_ forceSVArg [sw0, sw1, sw2, sw3] newExpr st ka $ SBVApp (Uninterpreted nm) [sw0, sw1, sw2, sw3] -- Functions of five arguments instance (SymVal f, SymVal e, SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted (SBV f -> SBV e -> SBV d -> SBV c -> SBV b -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = f where f arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 | Just (_, v) <- mbCgData, isConcrete arg0, isConcrete arg1, isConcrete arg2, isConcrete arg3, isConcrete arg4 = v arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 | True = SBV $ SVal ka $ Right $ cache result where ka = kindOf (Proxy @a) kb = kindOf (Proxy @b) kc = kindOf (Proxy @c) kd = kindOf (Proxy @d) ke = kindOf (Proxy @e) kf = kindOf (Proxy @f) result st = do isSMT <- inSMTMode st case (isSMT, mbCgData) of (True, Just (_, v)) -> sbvToSV st (v arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4) _ -> do newUninterpreted st nm (SBVType [kf, ke, kd, kc, kb, ka]) (fst `fmap` mbCgData) sw0 <- sbvToSV st arg0 sw1 <- sbvToSV st arg1 sw2 <- sbvToSV st arg2 sw3 <- sbvToSV st arg3 sw4 <- sbvToSV st arg4 mapM_ forceSVArg [sw0, sw1, sw2, sw3, sw4] newExpr st ka $ SBVApp (Uninterpreted nm) [sw0, sw1, sw2, sw3, sw4] -- Functions of six arguments instance (SymVal g, SymVal f, SymVal e, SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted (SBV g -> SBV f -> SBV e -> SBV d -> SBV c -> SBV b -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = f where f arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 | Just (_, v) <- mbCgData, isConcrete arg0, isConcrete arg1, isConcrete arg2, isConcrete arg3, isConcrete arg4, isConcrete arg5 = v arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 | True = SBV $ SVal ka $ Right $ cache result where ka = kindOf (Proxy @a) kb = kindOf (Proxy @b) kc = kindOf (Proxy @c) kd = kindOf (Proxy @d) ke = kindOf (Proxy @e) kf = kindOf (Proxy @f) kg = kindOf (Proxy @g) result st = do isSMT <- inSMTMode st case (isSMT, mbCgData) of (True, Just (_, v)) -> sbvToSV st (v arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5) _ -> do newUninterpreted st nm (SBVType [kg, kf, ke, kd, kc, kb, ka]) (fst `fmap` mbCgData) sw0 <- sbvToSV st arg0 sw1 <- sbvToSV st arg1 sw2 <- sbvToSV st arg2 sw3 <- sbvToSV st arg3 sw4 <- sbvToSV st arg4 sw5 <- sbvToSV st arg5 mapM_ forceSVArg [sw0, sw1, sw2, sw3, sw4, sw5] newExpr st ka $ SBVApp (Uninterpreted nm) [sw0, sw1, sw2, sw3, sw4, sw5] -- Functions of seven arguments instance (SymVal h, SymVal g, SymVal f, SymVal e, SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted (SBV h -> SBV g -> SBV f -> SBV e -> SBV d -> SBV c -> SBV b -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = f where f arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 | Just (_, v) <- mbCgData, isConcrete arg0, isConcrete arg1, isConcrete arg2, isConcrete arg3, isConcrete arg4, isConcrete arg5, isConcrete arg6 = v arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 | True = SBV $ SVal ka $ Right $ cache result where ka = kindOf (Proxy @a) kb = kindOf (Proxy @b) kc = kindOf (Proxy @c) kd = kindOf (Proxy @d) ke = kindOf (Proxy @e) kf = kindOf (Proxy @f) kg = kindOf (Proxy @g) kh = kindOf (Proxy @h) result st = do isSMT <- inSMTMode st case (isSMT, mbCgData) of (True, Just (_, v)) -> sbvToSV st (v arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6) _ -> do newUninterpreted st nm (SBVType [kh, kg, kf, ke, kd, kc, kb, ka]) (fst `fmap` mbCgData) sw0 <- sbvToSV st arg0 sw1 <- sbvToSV st arg1 sw2 <- sbvToSV st arg2 sw3 <- sbvToSV st arg3 sw4 <- sbvToSV st arg4 sw5 <- sbvToSV st arg5 sw6 <- sbvToSV st arg6 mapM_ forceSVArg [sw0, sw1, sw2, sw3, sw4, sw5, sw6] newExpr st ka $ SBVApp (Uninterpreted nm) [sw0, sw1, sw2, sw3, sw4, sw5, sw6] -- Uncurried functions of two arguments instance (SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted ((SBV c, SBV b) -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = let f = sbvUninterpret (uc2 `fmap` mbCgData) nm in uncurry f where uc2 (cs, fn) = (cs, curry fn) -- Uncurried functions of three arguments instance (SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted ((SBV d, SBV c, SBV b) -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = let f = sbvUninterpret (uc3 `fmap` mbCgData) nm in \(arg0, arg1, arg2) -> f arg0 arg1 arg2 where uc3 (cs, fn) = (cs, \a b c -> fn (a, b, c)) -- Uncurried functions of four arguments instance (SymVal e, SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted ((SBV e, SBV d, SBV c, SBV b) -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = let f = sbvUninterpret (uc4 `fmap` mbCgData) nm in \(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3) -> f arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 where uc4 (cs, fn) = (cs, \a b c d -> fn (a, b, c, d)) -- Uncurried functions of five arguments instance (SymVal f, SymVal e, SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted ((SBV f, SBV e, SBV d, SBV c, SBV b) -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = let f = sbvUninterpret (uc5 `fmap` mbCgData) nm in \(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) -> f arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 where uc5 (cs, fn) = (cs, \a b c d e -> fn (a, b, c, d, e)) -- Uncurried functions of six arguments instance (SymVal g, SymVal f, SymVal e, SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted ((SBV g, SBV f, SBV e, SBV d, SBV c, SBV b) -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = let f = sbvUninterpret (uc6 `fmap` mbCgData) nm in \(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5) -> f arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 where uc6 (cs, fn) = (cs, \a b c d e f -> fn (a, b, c, d, e, f)) -- Uncurried functions of seven arguments instance (SymVal h, SymVal g, SymVal f, SymVal e, SymVal d, SymVal c, SymVal b, HasKind a) => Uninterpreted ((SBV h, SBV g, SBV f, SBV e, SBV d, SBV c, SBV b) -> SBV a) where sbvUninterpret mbCgData nm = let f = sbvUninterpret (uc7 `fmap` mbCgData) nm in \(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6) -> f arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 where uc7 (cs, fn) = (cs, \a b c d e f g -> fn (a, b, c, d, e, f, g)) -- | Symbolic computations provide a context for writing symbolic programs. instance MonadIO m => SolverContext (SymbolicT m) where constrain (SBV c) = imposeConstraint False [] c softConstrain (SBV c) = imposeConstraint True [] c namedConstraint nm (SBV c) = imposeConstraint False [(":named", nm)] c constrainWithAttribute atts (SBV c) = imposeConstraint False atts c contextState = symbolicEnv setOption o = addNewSMTOption o -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.assertWithPenalty' assertWithPenalty :: MonadSymbolic m => String -> SBool -> Penalty -> m () assertWithPenalty nm o p = addSValOptGoal $ unSBV `fmap` AssertWithPenalty nm o p -- | Class of metrics we can optimize for. Currently, booleans, -- bounded signed/unsigned bit-vectors, unbounded integers, -- algebraic reals and floats can be optimized. You can add -- your instances, but bewared that the 'MetricSpace' should -- map your type to something the backend solver understands, which -- are limited to unsigned bit-vectors, reals, and unbounded integers -- for z3. -- -- A good reference on these features is given in the following paper: -- . -- -- Minimal completion: None. However, if @MetricSpace@ is not identical to the type, you want -- to define 'toMetricSpace' and possbly 'minimize'/'maximize' to add extra constraints as necessary. class Metric a where -- | The metric space we optimize the goal over. Usually the same as the type itself, but not always! -- For instance, signed bit-vectors are optimized over their unsigned counterparts, floats are -- optimized over their 'Word32' comparable counterparts, etc. type MetricSpace a :: * type MetricSpace a = a -- | Compute the metric value to optimize. toMetricSpace :: SBV a -> SBV (MetricSpace a) -- | Compute the value itself from the metric corresponding to it. fromMetricSpace :: SBV (MetricSpace a) -> SBV a -- | Minimizing a metric space msMinimize :: (MonadSymbolic m, SolverContext m) => String -> SBV a -> m () msMinimize nm o = addSValOptGoal $ unSBV `fmap` Minimize nm (toMetricSpace o) -- | Maximizing a metric space msMaximize :: (MonadSymbolic m, SolverContext m) => String -> SBV a -> m () msMaximize nm o = addSValOptGoal $ unSBV `fmap` Maximize nm (toMetricSpace o) -- if MetricSpace is the same, we can give a default definition default toMetricSpace :: (a ~ MetricSpace a) => SBV a -> SBV (MetricSpace a) toMetricSpace = id default fromMetricSpace :: (a ~ MetricSpace a) => SBV (MetricSpace a) -> SBV a fromMetricSpace = id -- Booleans assume True is greater than False instance Metric Bool where type MetricSpace Bool = Word8 toMetricSpace t = ite t 1 0 fromMetricSpace w = w ./= 0 -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.minimize' minimize :: (Metric a, MonadSymbolic m, SolverContext m) => String -> SBV a -> m () minimize = msMinimize -- | Generalization of 'Data.SBV.maximize' maximize :: (Metric a, MonadSymbolic m, SolverContext m) => String -> SBV a -> m () maximize = msMaximize -- Unsigned types, integers, and reals directly optimize instance Metric Word8 instance Metric Word16 instance Metric Word32 instance Metric Word64 instance Metric Integer instance Metric AlgReal -- To optimize signed bounded values, we have to adjust to the range instance Metric Int8 where type MetricSpace Int8 = Word8 toMetricSpace x = sFromIntegral x + 128 -- 2^7 fromMetricSpace x = sFromIntegral x - 128 instance Metric Int16 where type MetricSpace Int16 = Word16 toMetricSpace x = sFromIntegral x + 32768 -- 2^15 fromMetricSpace x = sFromIntegral x - 32768 instance Metric Int32 where type MetricSpace Int32 = Word32 toMetricSpace x = sFromIntegral x + 2147483648 -- 2^31 fromMetricSpace x = sFromIntegral x - 2147483648 instance Metric Int64 where type MetricSpace Int64 = Word64 toMetricSpace x = sFromIntegral x + 9223372036854775808 -- 2^63 fromMetricSpace x = sFromIntegral x - 9223372036854775808 -- Quickcheck interface on symbolic-booleans.. instance Testable SBool where property (SBV (SVal _ (Left b))) = property (cvToBool b) property _ = error "Quick-check: Constant folding produced a symbolic value! Perhaps used a non-reducible expression? Please report!" instance Testable (Symbolic SBool) where property prop = QC.monadicIO $ do (cond, r, modelVals) <- QC.run test QC.pre cond unless (r || null modelVals) $ QC.monitor (QC.counterexample (complain modelVals)) QC.assert r where test = do (r, Result{resTraces=tvals, resObservables=ovals, resConsts=cs, resConstraints=cstrs, resUIConsts=unints}) <- runSymbolic (Concrete Nothing) prop let cval = fromMaybe (error "Cannot quick-check in the presence of uninterpeted constants!") . (`lookup` cs) cond = and [cvToBool (cval v) | (False, _, v) <- F.toList cstrs] -- Only pick-up "hard" constraints, as indicated by False in the fist component getObservable (nm, f, v) = case v `lookup` cs of Just cv -> if f cv then Just (nm, cv) else Nothing Nothing -> error $ "Quick-check: Observable " ++ nm ++ " did not reduce to a constant!" case map fst unints of [] -> case unliteral r of Nothing -> noQC [show r] Just b -> return (cond, b, tvals ++ mapMaybe getObservable ovals) us -> noQC us complain qcInfo = showModel defaultSMTCfg (SMTModel [] Nothing qcInfo []) noQC us = error $ "Cannot quick-check in the presence of uninterpreted constants: " ++ intercalate ", " us -- | Quick check an SBV property. Note that a regular @quickCheck@ call will work just as -- well. Use this variant if you want to receive the boolean result. sbvQuickCheck :: Symbolic SBool -> IO Bool sbvQuickCheck prop = QC.isSuccess `fmap` QC.quickCheckResult prop -- Quickcheck interface on dynamically-typed values. A run-time check -- ensures that the value has boolean type. instance Testable (Symbolic SVal) where property m = property $ do s <- m when (kindOf s /= KBool) $ error "Cannot quickcheck non-boolean value" return (SBV s :: SBool) -- | Explicit sharing combinator. The SBV library has internal caching/hash-consing mechanisms -- built in, based on Andy Gill's type-safe obervable sharing technique (see: ). -- However, there might be times where being explicit on the sharing can help, especially in experimental code. The 'slet' combinator -- ensures that its first argument is computed once and passed on to its continuation, explicitly indicating the intent of sharing. Most -- use cases of the SBV library should simply use Haskell's @let@ construct for this purpose. slet :: forall a b. (HasKind a, HasKind b) => SBV a -> (SBV a -> SBV b) -> SBV b slet x f = SBV $ SVal k $ Right $ cache r where k = kindOf (Proxy @b) r st = do xsv <- sbvToSV st x let xsbv = SBV $ SVal (kindOf x) (Right (cache (const (return xsv)))) res = f xsbv sbvToSV st res -- | Equality as a proof method. Allows for -- very concise construction of equivalence proofs, which is very typical in -- bit-precise proofs. infix 4 === class Equality a where (===) :: a -> a -> IO ThmResult instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, EqSymbolic z) => Equality (SBV a -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a -> k a .== l a instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, EqSymbolic z) => Equality (SBV a -> SBV b -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b -> k a b .== l a b instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, EqSymbolic z) => Equality ((SBV a, SBV b) -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b -> k (a, b) .== l (a, b) instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, EqSymbolic z) => Equality (SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV c -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c -> k a b c .== l a b c instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, EqSymbolic z) => Equality ((SBV a, SBV b, SBV c) -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c -> k (a, b, c) .== l (a, b, c) instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, EqSymbolic z) => Equality (SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV c -> SBV d -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c d -> k a b c d .== l a b c d instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, EqSymbolic z) => Equality ((SBV a, SBV b, SBV c, SBV d) -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c d -> k (a, b, c, d) .== l (a, b, c, d) instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e, EqSymbolic z) => Equality (SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV c -> SBV d -> SBV e -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c d e -> k a b c d e .== l a b c d e instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e, EqSymbolic z) => Equality ((SBV a, SBV b, SBV c, SBV d, SBV e) -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c d e -> k (a, b, c, d, e) .== l (a, b, c, d, e) instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e, SymVal f, EqSymbolic z) => Equality (SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV c -> SBV d -> SBV e -> SBV f -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c d e f -> k a b c d e f .== l a b c d e f instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e, SymVal f, EqSymbolic z) => Equality ((SBV a, SBV b, SBV c, SBV d, SBV e, SBV f) -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c d e f -> k (a, b, c, d, e, f) .== l (a, b, c, d, e, f) instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e, SymVal f, SymVal g, EqSymbolic z) => Equality (SBV a -> SBV b -> SBV c -> SBV d -> SBV e -> SBV f -> SBV g -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c d e f g -> k a b c d e f g .== l a b c d e f g instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (SymVal a, SymVal b, SymVal c, SymVal d, SymVal e, SymVal f, SymVal g, EqSymbolic z) => Equality ((SBV a, SBV b, SBV c, SBV d, SBV e, SBV f, SBV g) -> z) where k === l = prove $ \a b c d e f g -> k (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) .== l (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) {-# ANN module ("HLint: ignore Reduce duplication" :: String) #-} {-# ANN module ("HLint: ignore Eta reduce" :: String) #-}