{-# LANGUAGE ExistentialQuantification #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts          #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings         #-}
{-# LANGUAGE Rank2Types                #-}

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Pre-packaged Handlers that deal with form submissions and standard
--   use-cases involving authentication.

module Snap.Snaplet.Auth.Handlers where

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import           Control.Applicative
import           Control.Monad.CatchIO (throw)
import           Control.Monad.State
import           Control.Monad.Trans.Error
import           Control.Monad.Trans.Maybe
import           Data.ByteString (ByteString)
import           Data.Lens.Lazy
import           Data.Maybe (fromMaybe, isJust)
import           Data.Serialize hiding (get)
import           Data.Time
import           Data.Text.Encoding (decodeUtf8)
import           Data.Text (Text)
import           Web.ClientSession
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import           Snap.Core
import           Snap.Snaplet
import           Snap.Snaplet.Auth.AuthManager
import           Snap.Snaplet.Auth.Types
import           Snap.Snaplet.Session
------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                         ----------------------------
                         -- Higher level functions --
                         ----------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Create a new user from just a username and password
--
-- May throw a "DuplicateLogin" if given username is not unique.
--
createUser :: Text              -- ^ Username
           -> ByteString        -- ^ Password
           -> Handler b (AuthManager b) AuthUser
createUser unm pwd = withBackend (\r -> liftIO $ buildAuthUser r unm pwd)


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Check whether a user with the given username exists.
--
usernameExists :: Text          -- ^ The username to be checked
               -> Handler b (AuthManager b) Bool
usernameExists username =
    withBackend $ \r -> liftIO $ isJust <$> lookupByLogin r username


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Lookup a user by her username, check given password and perform login
--
loginByUsername :: ByteString       -- ^ Username/login for user
                -> Password         -- ^ Should be ClearText
                -> Bool             -- ^ Set remember token?
                -> Handler b (AuthManager b) (Either AuthFailure AuthUser)
loginByUsername _ (Encrypted _) _ =
  error "Cannot login with encrypted password"
loginByUsername unm pwd shouldRemember = do
    sk <- gets siteKey
    cn <- gets rememberCookieName
    rp <- gets rememberPeriod
    withBackend $ loginByUsername' sk cn rp

  where
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    loginByUsername' :: (IAuthBackend t) =>
                        Key
                     -> ByteString
                     -> Maybe Int
                     -> t
                     -> Handler b (AuthManager b) (Either AuthFailure AuthUser)
    loginByUsername' sk cn rp r =
        liftIO (lookupByLogin r $ decodeUtf8 unm) >>=
        maybe (return $! Left UserNotFound) found

      where
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        found user = checkPasswordAndLogin user pwd >>=
                     either (return . Left) matched

        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        matched user
            | shouldRemember = do
                  token <- gets randomNumberGenerator >>=
                           liftIO . randomToken 64

                  setRememberToken sk cn rp token

                  let user' = user {
                                userRememberToken = Just (decodeUtf8 token)
                              }

                  saveUser user'
                  return $! Right user'

            | otherwise = return $ Right user


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Remember user from the remember token if possible and perform login
--
loginByRememberToken :: Handler b (AuthManager b) (Maybe AuthUser)
loginByRememberToken = withBackend $ \impl -> do
    key         <- gets siteKey
    cookieName_ <- gets rememberCookieName
    period      <- gets rememberPeriod

    runMaybeT $ do
        token <- MaybeT $ getRememberToken key cookieName_ period
        user  <- MaybeT $ liftIO $ lookupByRememberToken impl
                                 $ decodeUtf8 token
        lift $ forceLogin user
        return user


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Logout the active user
--
logout :: Handler b (AuthManager b) ()
logout = do
    s <- gets session
    withTop s $ withSession s removeSessionUserId
    rc <- gets rememberCookieName
    forgetRememberToken rc
    modify $ \mgr -> mgr { activeUser = Nothing }


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Return the current user; trying to remember from cookie if possible.
--
currentUser :: Handler b (AuthManager b) (Maybe AuthUser)
currentUser = cacheOrLookup $ withBackend $ \r -> do
    s   <- gets session
    uid <- withTop s getSessionUserId
    case uid of
      Nothing -> loginByRememberToken
      Just uid' -> liftIO $ lookupByUserId r uid'


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Convenience wrapper around 'rememberUser' that returns a bool result
--
isLoggedIn :: Handler b (AuthManager b) Bool
isLoggedIn = isJust <$> currentUser


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Create or update a given user
--
-- May throw a 'BackendError' if something goes wrong.
--
saveUser :: AuthUser -> Handler b (AuthManager b) AuthUser
saveUser u = withBackend $ liftIO . flip save u


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Destroy the given user
--
-- May throw a 'BackendError' if something goes wrong.
--
destroyUser :: AuthUser -> Handler b (AuthManager b) ()
destroyUser u = withBackend $ liftIO . flip destroy u


                      -----------------------------------
                      --  Lower level helper functions --
                      -----------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Mutate an 'AuthUser', marking failed authentication
--
-- This will save the user to the backend.
--
markAuthFail :: AuthUser -> Handler b (AuthManager b) AuthUser
markAuthFail u = withBackend $ \r -> do
    lo <- gets lockout
    incFailCtr u >>= checkLockout lo >>= liftIO . save r

  where
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    incFailCtr u' = return $ u' {
                      userFailedLoginCount = userFailedLoginCount u' + 1
                    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    checkLockout lo u' =
        case lo of
          Nothing          -> return u'
          Just (mx, wait)  ->
              if userFailedLoginCount u' >= mx
                then do
                  now <- liftIO getCurrentTime
                  let reopen = addUTCTime wait now
                  return $! u' { userLockedOutUntil = Just reopen }
                else return u'


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Mutate an 'AuthUser', marking successful authentication
--
-- This will save the user to the backend.
--
markAuthSuccess :: AuthUser -> Handler b (AuthManager b) AuthUser
markAuthSuccess u = withBackend $ \r ->
                        incLoginCtr u     >>=
                        updateIp          >>=
                        updateLoginTS     >>=
                        resetFailCtr      >>=
                        liftIO . save r
  where
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    incLoginCtr u' = return $ u' { userLoginCount = userLoginCount u' + 1 }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    updateIp u' = do
        ip <- rqRemoteAddr <$> getRequest
        return $ u' { userLastLoginIp = userCurrentLoginIp u'
                    , userCurrentLoginIp = Just ip }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    updateLoginTS u' = do
        now <- liftIO getCurrentTime
        return $
          u' { userCurrentLoginAt = Just now
             , userLastLoginAt = userCurrentLoginAt u' }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    resetFailCtr u' = return $ u' { userFailedLoginCount = 0
                                  , userLockedOutUntil = Nothing }


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Authenticate and log the user into the current session if successful.
--
-- This is a mid-level function exposed to allow roll-your-own ways of looking
-- up a user from the database.
--
-- This function will:
--
-- 1. Check the password
--
-- 2. Login the user into the current session
--
-- 3. Mark success/failure of the authentication trial on the user record
--
checkPasswordAndLogin
  :: AuthUser               -- ^ An existing user, somehow looked up from db
  -> Password               -- ^ A ClearText password
  -> Handler b (AuthManager b) (Either AuthFailure AuthUser)
checkPasswordAndLogin u pw =
    case userLockedOutUntil u of
      Just x -> do
        now <- liftIO getCurrentTime
        if now > x
          then auth u
          else return . Left $ LockedOut x
      Nothing -> auth u

  where
    auth user =
      case authenticatePassword user pw of
        Just e -> do
          markAuthFail user
          return $ Left e

        Nothing -> do
          forceLogin user
          modify (\mgr -> mgr { activeUser = Just user })
          user' <- markAuthSuccess user
          return $ Right user'


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Login and persist the given 'AuthUser' in the active session
--
-- Meant to be used if you have other means of being sure that the person is
-- who she says she is.
--
forceLogin :: AuthUser       -- ^ An existing user, somehow looked up from db
           -> Handler b (AuthManager b) (Either AuthFailure AuthUser)
forceLogin u = do
    s <- gets session
    withSession s $ do
        case userId u of
          Just x -> do
            withTop s (setSessionUserId x)
            return $ Right u
          Nothing -> return . Left $
                     AuthError $ "forceLogin: Can't force the login of a user "
                                   ++ "without userId"


                     ------------------------------------
                     -- Internal, non-exported helpers --
                     ------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
getRememberToken :: (Serialize t, MonadSnap m)
                 => Key
                 -> ByteString
                 -> Maybe Int
                 -> m (Maybe t)
getRememberToken sk rc rp = getSecureCookie rc sk rp


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
setRememberToken :: (Serialize t, MonadSnap m)
                 => Key
                 -> ByteString
                 -> Maybe Int
                 -> t
                 -> m ()
setRememberToken sk rc rp token = setSecureCookie rc sk rp token


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
forgetRememberToken :: MonadSnap m => ByteString -> m ()
forgetRememberToken rc = expireCookie rc (Just "/")


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Set the current user's 'UserId' in the active session
--
setSessionUserId :: UserId -> Handler b SessionManager ()
setSessionUserId (UserId t) = setInSession "__user_id" t


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Remove 'UserId' from active session, effectively logging the user out.
removeSessionUserId :: Handler b SessionManager ()
removeSessionUserId = deleteFromSession "__user_id"


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Get the current user's 'UserId' from the active session
--
getSessionUserId :: Handler b SessionManager (Maybe UserId)
getSessionUserId = do
  uid <- getFromSession "__user_id"
  return $ uid >>= return . UserId


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Check password for a given user.
--
-- Returns "Nothing" if check is successful and an "IncorrectPassword" error
-- otherwise
--
authenticatePassword :: AuthUser        -- ^ Looked up from the back-end
                     -> Password        -- ^ Check against this password
                     -> Maybe AuthFailure
authenticatePassword u pw = auth
  where
    auth    = case userPassword u of
                Nothing -> Just PasswordMissing
                Just upw -> check $ checkPassword pw upw

    check b = if b then Nothing else Just IncorrectPassword


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Wrap lookups around request-local cache
--
cacheOrLookup
  :: Handler b (AuthManager b) (Maybe AuthUser)
  -- ^ Lookup action to perform if request local cache is empty
  -> Handler b (AuthManager b) (Maybe AuthUser)
cacheOrLookup f = do
    au <- gets activeUser
    if isJust au
      then return au
      else do
        au' <- f
        modify (\mgr -> mgr { activeUser = au' })
        return au'


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Register a new user by specifying login and password 'Param' fields
--
registerUser
  :: ByteString            -- ^ Login field
  -> ByteString            -- ^ Password field
  -> Handler b (AuthManager b) AuthUser
registerUser lf pf = do
    l <- fmap decodeUtf8 <$> getParam lf
    p <- getParam pf
    case liftM2 (,) l p of
      Nothing         -> throw PasswordMissing
      Just (lgn, pwd) -> createUser lgn pwd


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | A 'MonadSnap' handler that processes a login form.
--
-- The request paremeters are passed to 'performLogin'
--
loginUser
  :: ByteString
  -- ^ Username field
  -> ByteString
  -- ^ Password field
  -> Maybe ByteString
  -- ^ Remember field; Nothing if you want no remember function.
  -> (AuthFailure -> Handler b (AuthManager b) ())
  -- ^ Upon failure
  -> Handler b (AuthManager b) ()
  -- ^ Upon success
  -> Handler b (AuthManager b) ()
loginUser unf pwdf remf loginFail loginSucc =
    runErrorT go >>= either loginFail (const loginSucc)
  where
    go = do
        mbUsername <- getParam unf
        mbPassword <- getParam pwdf
        remember   <- (runMaybeT $ do
                           field <- MaybeT $ return remf
                           value <- MaybeT $ getParam field
                           return $ value == "1"
                      ) >>= return . fromMaybe False


        password <- maybe (throwError PasswordMissing) return mbPassword
        username <- maybe (fail "Username is missing") return mbUsername
        ErrorT $ loginByUsername username (ClearText password) remember


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Simple handler to log the user out. Deletes user from session.
--
logoutUser :: Handler b (AuthManager b) ()   -- ^ What to do after logging out
           -> Handler b (AuthManager b) ()
logoutUser target = logout >> target


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Require that an authenticated 'AuthUser' is present in the current
-- session.
--
-- This function has no DB cost - only checks to see if a user_id is present
-- in the current session.
--
requireUser :: Lens b (Snaplet (AuthManager b))
               -- ^ Lens reference to an "AuthManager"
            -> Handler b v a
               -- ^ Do this if no authenticated user is present.
            -> Handler b v a
               -- ^ Do this if an authenticated user is present.
            -> Handler b v a
requireUser auth bad good = do
    loggedIn <- withTop auth isLoggedIn
    if loggedIn then good else bad


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Run a function on the backend, and return the result.
--
-- This uses an existential type so that the backend type doesn't
-- 'escape' AuthManager.  The reason that the type is Handler b
-- (AuthManager v) a and not a is because anything that uses the
-- backend will return an IO something, which you can liftIO, or a
-- Handler b (AuthManager v) a if it uses other handler things.
--
withBackend ::
    (forall r. (IAuthBackend r) => r -> Handler b (AuthManager v) a)
      -- ^ The function to run with the handler.
  -> Handler b (AuthManager v) a
withBackend f = join $ do
  (AuthManager backend_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _) <- get
  return $ f backend_