# Install or upgrade
## Install Stack
Stack can be installed on most Linux distributions, macOS and Windows.
Stack is open to supporting more operating systems. To request support for an
operating system, please submit an
[issue](https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/issues/new) at Stack's
GitHub repository.
!!! info "Releases on GitHub"
Stack executables are also available on the
[releases](https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/releases) page of
Stack's GitHub repository.
!!! info "`https://get.haskellstack.org/stable` URLs"
URLs with the format
`https://get.haskellstack.org/stable/.` point to the
latest stable release. See the manual download links for examples.
=== "Linux"
For most Linux distributions, the easiest way to install Stack is to
command:
~~~text
curl -sSL https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh
~~~
or:
~~~text
wget -qO- https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh
~~~
!!! note
The script at [get.haskellstack.org](https://get.haskellstack.org/) will
ask for root access using `sudo`. It needs such access in order to use
your platform's package manager to install dependencies and to install
to `/usr/local/bin`. If you prefer more control, follow the manual
installation instructions for your platform below.
### Manual download
Manual download for Linux distributions depends on your machine
architecture, x86_64 or AArch64/ARM64.
=== "x86_64"
* Click
[:material-cloud-download-outline:](https://get.haskellstack.org/stable/linux-x86_64.tar.gz)
to download an archive file with the latest release.
* Extract the archive and place the `stack` executable somewhere on your
PATH (see the [Path](#path) section below).
* Ensure you have the required system dependencies installed. These
include GCC, GNU Make, xz, perl, libgmp, libffi, and zlib. We also
recommend Git and GPG.
The installation of system dependencies will depend on the package
manager for your Linux distribution. Notes are provided for Arch Linux,
CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo and Ubuntu.
=== "Arch Linux"
~~~text
sudo pacman -S make gcc ncurses git gnupg xz zlib gmp libffi zlib
~~~
=== "CentOS"
~~~text
sudo yum install perl make automake gcc gmp-devel libffi zlib zlib-devel xz tar git gnupg
~~~
=== "Debian"
~~~text
sudo apt-get install g++ gcc libc6-dev libffi-dev libgmp-dev make xz-utils zlib1g-dev git gnupg netbase
~~~
=== "Fedora"
~~~text
sudo dnf install perl make automake gcc gmp-devel libffi zlib zlib-devel xz tar git gnupg
~~~
=== "Gentoo"
Ensure you have the `ncurses` package with `USE=tinfo`. Without it,
Stack will not be able to install GHC.
=== "Ubuntu"
~~~text
sudo apt-get install g++ gcc libc6-dev libffi-dev libgmp-dev make xz-utils zlib1g-dev git gnupg netbase
~~~
### Linux packages
Some Linux distributions have official or unofficial packages for Stack,
including Arch Linux, Debian, Fedora, NixOS, openSUSE/SUSE Linux Enterprise,
and Ubuntu.
!!! info "Linux packages that lag behind Stack's current version"
The Stack version available as a Linux package may lag behind Stack's
current version. If so, using `stack upgrade --binary-only` is
recommended after installing it. For Stack versions before 1.3.0 which
do not support `--binary-only`, just `stack upgrade` may work too.
=== "Arch Linux"
The Arch community package repository provides an official
[package](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/stack/).
You can install it with the command:
~~~text
sudo pacman -S stack
~~~
This version may slightly lag behind, but it should be updated within
the day. The package is also always rebuilt and updated when one of its
dependencies gets an update.
The Arch User Repository (AUR) also provides a
[package](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/haskell-stack-git).
However, its Stack version lags behind, so running
`stack upgrade --binary-only` is recommended after installing it. For
older Stack versions which do not support `--binary-only`, just
`stack upgrade` may work too.
To use `stack setup` with versions of GHC before 7.10.3 or on a
32-bit system, you may need the AUR
[ncurses5-compat-libs](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ncurses5-compat-libs/)
package installed.
=== "Debian"
There are Debian
[packages](https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=haskell-stack&searchon=names&suite=all§ion=all)
for Stretch and up. However, the distribution's Stack version lags
behind.
=== "Fedora"
Fedora includes Stack, but its Stack version may lag behind.
=== "NixOS"
Users who follow the `nixos-unstable` channel or the Nixpkgs `master`
branch can install the latest Stack release into their profile with the
command:
~~~text
nix-env -f "" -iA stack
~~~
Alternatively, the package can be built from source as follows.
1. Clone the git repo, with the command:
~~~text
git clone https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack.git
~~~
2. Create a `shell.nix` file with the command:
~~~text
cabal2nix --shell ./. --no-check --no-haddock > shell.nix
~~~
Note that the tests fail on NixOS, so disable them with
`--no-check`. Also, Haddock currently doesn't work for Stack, so
`--no-haddock` disables it.
3. Install Stack to your user profile with the command:
~~~text
nix-env -i -f shell.nix
~~~
For more information on using Stack together with Nix, please see the
[NixOS manual section on Stack](http://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#how-to-build-a-haskell-project-using-stack).
=== "SUSE"
There is also an unofficial package for openSUSE or SUSE Linux
Enterprise. Its Stack version may lag behind. To install it:
=== openSUSE Tumbleweed
~~~text
sudo zypper in stack
~~~
=== openSUSE Leap
~~~text
sudo zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/haskell/openSUSE_Leap_42.1/devel:languages:haskell.repo
sudo zypper in stack
~~~
=== SUSE Linux Enterprise 12
~~~text
sudo zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/haskell/SLE_12/devel:languages:haskell.repo
sude zypper in stack
~~~
=== "Ubuntu"
There are Ubuntu
[packages](http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=haskell-stack&searchon=names&suite=all§ion=all)
for Ubuntu 18.04 and up. However, the distribution's Stack version lags
behind.
It is possible to set up auto-completion of Stack commands. For further
information, see the [shell auto-completion](shell_autocompletion.md)
documentation.
=== "macOS"
The easiest way to install Stack is to command:
~~~text
curl -sSL https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh
~~~
or:
~~~text
wget -qO- https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh
~~~
!!! note
The script at [get.haskellstack.org](https://get.haskellstack.org/) will
ask for root access using `sudo`. It needs such access in order to use
your platform's package manager to install dependencies and to install
to `/usr/local/bin`. If you prefer more control, follow the manual
installation instructions below.
!!! info
We generally test on the current version of macOS and do our best to
keep it compatible with the three most recent major versions. Stack may
also work on older versions.
### Manual download
* Click
[:material-cloud-download-outline:](https://get.haskellstack.org/stable/osx-x86_64.tar.gz)
to download an archive file with the latest release for x86_64
architectures.
* Extract the archive and place `stack` somewhere on your PATH (see the
[Path](#path) section below).
* Now you can run Stack from the command line in a terminal.
### Using Homebrew
[Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) is a popular package manager for macOS. If you
have its `brew` tool installed, you can just command:
~~~text
brew install haskell-stack
~~~
* The Homebrew formula and bottles are **unofficial** and lag slightly
behind new Stack releases, but tend to be updated within a day or two.
* Normally, Homebrew will install from a pre-built binary (aka "pour from a
bottle"), but if it starts trying to build everything from source (which
will take hours), see
[their FAQ on the topic](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/blob/master/docs/FAQ.md#why-do-you-compile-everything).
### Notes
After installation, running `stack setup` might fail with
`configure: error: cannot run C compiled programs.` in which case you should
command:
~~~text
xcode-select --install
~~~
Starting with macOs 10.14 (Mojave) running `xcode-select --install`
[might not be enough](https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/104296). You
will need to install additional headers with commands:
~~~text
cd /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/
open macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg
~~~
If you are on OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) and encounter either of these problems,
see the linked FAQ entries:
* [GHC 7.8.4 fails with `/usr/bin/ar: permission denied`](faq.md#usr-bin-ar-permission-denied)
* [DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH is ignored](faq.md#dyld-library-path-ignored)
If you are on macOS 10.12 (Sierra) and encounter GHC panic while building, see
this [issue](https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/issues/2577)
On Apple silicon chip (AArch64/ARM64) architectures, the installation of
Stack or some packages (e.g. `network`) requiring C source compilation might
fail with `configure: error: C compiler cannot build executables`. In that
case you should pass `-arch arm64` as part of the `CFLAGS` environment
variable. This setting will be picked up by the C compiler of your choice.
~~~bash
# Assuming BASH below
# passing CFLAGS in-line with the command giving rise to the error
CFLAGS="-arch arm64 ${CFLAGS:-}" some_command_to_install_stack
CFLAGS="-arch arm64 ${CFLAGS:-}" stack [build|install]
# -- OR --
# ~/.bash_profile
# NOTE: only do this if you do not have to cross-compile, or remember to unset
# CFLAGS when needed
export CFLAGS="-arch arm64 ${CFLAGS:-}"
~~~
The setting instructs the C compiler to compile objects for ARM64. These can
then be linked with libraries built for ARM64. Without the instruction, the C
compiler, invoked by Cabal running in x86-64, would compile x86-64 objects and
attempt to link them with existing ARM64 libraries, resulting in the error
above.
It is possible to set up auto-completion of Stack commands. For further
information, see the [shell auto-completion](shell_autocompletion.md)
documentation.
=== "Windows"
On 64-bit Windows, you can download and install the
[Windows installer](https://get.haskellstack.org/stable/windows-x86_64-installer.exe).
!!! note "Anti-virus software"
Systems with antivirus software may need to add Stack to the list of
'trusted' applications.
You may see a "Windows Defender SmartScreen prevented an unrecognized
app from starting" warning when you try to run the installer. If so,
click on **More info**, and then click on the **Run anyway** button that
appears.
We recommend installing to the default location with the installer, as that
will make `stack install` and `stack upgrade` work correctly out of the box.
### Manual download
* Click
[:material-cloud-download-outline:](https://get.haskellstack.org/stable/windows-x86_64.zip)
to download an archive file with the latest release.
* Unpack the archive and place `stack.exe` somewhere on your PATH (see the
[Path](#path) section below).
* Now you can run Stack from the command line in a terminal.
!!! info
Stack can also be installed using the separate
[GHCup](https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/) installer for Haskell-related tools.
Unlike Stack, other build tools do not automatically install GHC. GHCup can
be used to install GHC for those other tools and Stack can be configured to
use the version of GHC that GHCup has installed.
## Path
You can install Stack by copying the executable file anywhere on your PATH. A
good place to install is the same directory where Stack itself will install
executables, which depends on the operating system:
=== "Unix-like"
Stack installs executables to:
~~~text
$HOME/.local/bin
~~~
If you don't have that directory in your PATH, you may need to update your
PATH. That can be done by editing the `~/.bashrc` file.
=== "Windows"
Stack installs executables to:
~~~text
%APPDATA%\local\bin
~~~
For example: `C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\local\bin`.
If you don't have that directory in your PATH, you may need to update your
PATH. That can be done by searching for 'Edit Environment variables for your
account' under Start.
If you don't have that directory in your PATH, you may need to update your PATH.
On Unix-like operating systems, that can be done by editing the `~/.bashrc`
file.
## China-based users
If you're attempting to install Stack from within China:
* As of 24 February 2020, the download link has limited connectivity from within
mainland China. If this is the case, please proceed by manually downloading
(ideally via a VPN) and installing Stack per the instructions found on this
page pertinent to your operating system.
* After installation, your `config.yaml` file will need to be configured before
Stack can download large files consistently from within China (without
reliance on a VPN). Please add the following to the bottom of the
`config.yaml` file:
~~~yaml
###ADD THIS IF YOU LIVE IN CHINA
setup-info-locations:
- "http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/stackage/stack-setup.yaml"
urls:
latest-snapshot: http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/stackage/snapshots.json
package-indices:
- download-prefix: http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/hackage/
hackage-security:
keyids:
- 0a5c7ea47cd1b15f01f5f51a33adda7e655bc0f0b0615baa8e271f4c3351e21d
- 1ea9ba32c526d1cc91ab5e5bd364ec5e9e8cb67179a471872f6e26f0ae773d42
- 280b10153a522681163658cb49f632cde3f38d768b736ddbc901d99a1a772833
- 2a96b1889dc221c17296fcc2bb34b908ca9734376f0f361660200935916ef201
- 2c6c3627bd6c982990239487f1abd02e08a02e6cf16edb105a8012d444d870c3
- 51f0161b906011b52c6613376b1ae937670da69322113a246a09f807c62f6921
- 772e9f4c7db33d251d5c6e357199c819e569d130857dc225549b40845ff0890d
- aa315286e6ad281ad61182235533c41e806e5a787e0b6d1e7eef3f09d137d2e9
- fe331502606802feac15e514d9b9ea83fee8b6ffef71335479a2e68d84adc6b0
key-threshold: 3
ignore-expiry: no
~~~
## Using an HTTP proxy
To use Stack behind a HTTP proxy with IP address *IP* and port *PORT*, first set
up an environment variable `http_proxy` and then run the Stack command. For
example:
=== "Unix-like"
~~~text
export http_proxy=IP:PORT
stack install
~~~
On most operating systems, it is not mandatory for programs to follow the
"system-wide" HTTP proxy. Some programs, such as browsers, do honor this
"system-wide" HTTP proxy setting, while other programs, including Bash, do
not. That means configuring "http proxy setting" in your System Preferences
(macOS) would not result in Stack traffic going through the proxy.
=== "Windows"
~~~text
$Env:http_proxy=IP:PORT
stack install
~~~
It is not mandatory for programs to follow the "system-wide" HTTP proxy.
Some programs, such as browsers, do honor this "system-wide" HTTP proxy
setting, while other programs do not. That means configuring
"http proxy setting" in your Control Panel would not result in Stack traffic
going through the proxy.
## Upgrade Stack
There are different approaches to upgrading Stack, which vary as between
Unix-like operating systems (including macOS) and Windows.
=== "Unix-like"
There are essentially four different approaches:
1. Stack itself ships with an `upgrade` command, which downloads a `stack`
executable or builds it from source and install it to the default
`install` directory (eg `stack path --local-bin`; see the
[Path](#Path) section above). You can use `stack upgrade` to get the
latest official release, and `stack upgrade --git` to install from
GitHub and live on the bleeding edge. Make sure the default `install`
directory is on your PATH and takes precedence over the system installed
`stack`, or copy `stack` from that directory to the system location
afterward. For more information, see
[this discussion](https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/issues/237#issuecomment-126793301).
2. If you're using a package manager and are happy with sticking with the
officially released binaries from the distribution (which may the lag behind
latest version of Stack significantly), simply follow your normal package
manager strategies for upgrading. For example:
~~~text
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
~~~
3. The `get.haskellstack.org` script supports the `-f` argument to
over-write the current Stack executable. For example, command:
~~~text
curl -sSL https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh -s - -f
~~~
or:
~~~text
wget -qO- https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh -s - -f
~~~
4. Manually follow the steps above to download the newest executable from
the GitHub releases page and replace the old executable.
=== "Windows"
There are essentially two different approaches:
1. Stack itself ships with an `upgrade` command, which downloads a `stack`
executable or builds it from source and install it to the default
`install` directory (eg `stack path --local-bin`; see the
[Path](#Path) section above). You can use `stack upgrade` to get the
latest official release, and `stack upgrade --git` to install from
GitHub and live on the bleeding edge. Make sure the default `install`
directory is on your PATH and takes precedence over the system installed
`stack`, or copy `stack` from that directory to the system location
afterward. For more information, see
[this discussion](https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/issues/237#issuecomment-126793301).
2. Manually follow the steps above to download the newest executable from
the GitHub releases page and replace the old executable.
## Install earlier versions
To install a specific version of Stack, navigate to the desired version on the
[GitHub release page](https://github.com/fpco/stack/releases), and click the
appropriate link under its "Assets" drop-down menu.
Alternatively, use the URL
`https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/releases/download/vVERSION/stack-VERSION-PLATFORM.EXTENSION`.
For example, the tarball for Stack version 2.1.0.1, osx-x86_64 is at
`https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/releases/download/v2.1.0.1/stack-2.1.0.1-osx-x86_64.tar.gz`.
Here's a snippet for `appveyor.yml` files, borrowed from `dhall`'s
[`appveyor.yml`](https://github.com/dhall-lang/dhall-haskell/blob/1079b7a3a7a6922f72a373e47daf6f1b74f128b1/appveyor.yml).
Change the values of PATH and VERSION as needed.
~~~yaml
install:
- set PATH=C:\Program Files\Git\mingw64\bin;%PATH%
- curl --silent --show-error --output stack.zip --location "https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/releases/download/v%STACK_VERSION%/stack-%STACK_VERSION%-windows-x86_64.zip"
- 7z x stack.zip stack.exe
- stack setup > nul
- git submodule update --init --recursive
~~~