-------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Module : XMonad.Util.EZConfig -- Copyright : Devin Mullins <me@twifkak.com> -- Brent Yorgey <byorgey@gmail.com> (key parsing) -- License : BSD3-style (see LICENSE) -- -- Maintainer : Devin Mullins <me@twifkak.com> -- -- Useful helper functions for amending the defaultConfig, and for -- parsing keybindings specified in a special (emacs-like) format. -- -- (See also "XMonad.Util.CustomKeys" in xmonad-contrib.) -- -------------------------------------------------------------------- module XMonad.Util.EZConfig ( -- * Usage -- $usage -- * Adding or removing keybindings additionalKeys, additionalKeysP, removeKeys, removeKeysP, additionalMouseBindings, removeMouseBindings, -- * Emacs-style keybinding specifications mkKeymap, checkKeymap, mkNamedKeymap, parseKey -- used by XMonad.Util.Paste ) where import XMonad import XMonad.Actions.Submap import XMonad.Util.NamedActions import qualified Data.Map as M import Data.List (foldl', sortBy, groupBy, nub) import Data.Ord (comparing) import Data.Maybe import Control.Arrow (first, (&&&)) import Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP -- $usage -- To use this module, first import it into your @~\/.xmonad\/xmonad.hs@: -- -- > import XMonad.Util.EZConfig -- -- Then, use one of the provided functions to modify your -- configuration. You can use 'additionalKeys', 'removeKeys', -- 'additionalMouseBindings', and 'removeMouseBindings' to easily add -- and remove keybindings or mouse bindings. You can use 'mkKeymap' -- to create a keymap using emacs-style keybinding specifications -- like @\"M-x\"@ instead of @(modMask, xK_x)@, or 'additionalKeysP' -- and 'removeKeysP' to easily add or remove emacs-style keybindings. -- If you use emacs-style keybindings, the 'checkKeymap' function is -- provided, suitable for adding to your 'startupHook', which can warn -- you of any parse errors or duplicate bindings in your keymap. -- -- For more information and usage examples, see the documentation -- provided with each exported function, and check the xmonad config -- archive (<http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/Xmonad/Config_archive>) -- for some real examples of use. -- | -- Add or override keybindings from the existing set. Example use: -- -- > main = xmonad $ defaultConfig { terminal = "urxvt" } -- > `additionalKeys` -- > [ ((mod1Mask, xK_m ), spawn "echo 'Hi, mom!' | dzen2 -p 4") -- > , ((mod1Mask, xK_BackSpace), withFocused hide) -- N.B. this is an absurd thing to do -- > ] -- -- This overrides the previous definition of mod-m. -- -- Note that, unlike in xmonad 0.4 and previous, you can't use modMask to refer -- to the modMask you configured earlier. You must specify mod1Mask (or -- whichever), or add your own @myModMask = mod1Mask@ line. additionalKeys :: XConfig a -> [((ButtonMask, KeySym), X ())] -> XConfig a additionalKeys conf keyList = conf { keys = \cnf -> M.union (M.fromList keyList) (keys conf cnf) } -- | Like 'additionalKeys', except using short @String@ key -- descriptors like @\"M-m\"@ instead of @(modMask, xK_m)@, as -- described in the documentation for 'mkKeymap'. For example: -- -- > main = xmonad $ defaultConfig { terminal = "urxvt" } -- > `additionalKeysP` -- > [ ("M-m", spawn "echo 'Hi, mom!' | dzen2 -p 4") -- > , ("M-<Backspace>", withFocused hide) -- N.B. this is an absurd thing to do -- > ] additionalKeysP :: XConfig l -> [(String, X ())] -> XConfig l additionalKeysP conf keyList = conf { keys = \cnf -> M.union (mkKeymap cnf keyList) (keys conf cnf) } -- | -- Remove standard keybindings you're not using. Example use: -- -- > main = xmonad $ defaultConfig { terminal = "urxvt" } -- > `removeKeys` [(mod1Mask .|. shiftMask, n) | n <- [xK_1 .. xK_9]] removeKeys :: XConfig a -> [(ButtonMask, KeySym)] -> XConfig a removeKeys conf keyList = conf { keys = \cnf -> keys conf cnf `M.difference` M.fromList (zip keyList $ repeat ()) } -- | Like 'removeKeys', except using short @String@ key descriptors -- like @\"M-m\"@ instead of @(modMask, xK_m)@, as described in the -- documentation for 'mkKeymap'. For example: -- -- > main = xmonad $ defaultConfig { terminal = "urxvt" } -- > `removeKeysP` ["M-S-" ++ [n] | n <- ['1'..'9']] removeKeysP :: XConfig l -> [String] -> XConfig l removeKeysP conf keyList = conf { keys = \cnf -> keys conf cnf `M.difference` mkKeymap cnf (zip keyList $ repeat (return ())) } -- | Like 'additionalKeys', but for mouse bindings. additionalMouseBindings :: XConfig a -> [((ButtonMask, Button), Window -> X ())] -> XConfig a additionalMouseBindings conf mouseBindingsList = conf { mouseBindings = \cnf -> M.union (M.fromList mouseBindingsList) (mouseBindings conf cnf) } -- | Like 'removeKeys', but for mouse bindings. removeMouseBindings :: XConfig a -> [(ButtonMask, Button)] -> XConfig a removeMouseBindings conf mouseBindingList = conf { mouseBindings = \cnf -> mouseBindings conf cnf `M.difference` M.fromList (zip mouseBindingList $ repeat ()) } -------------------------------------------------------------- -- Keybinding parsing --------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -- | Given a config (used to determine the proper modifier key to use) -- and a list of @(String, X ())@ pairs, create a key map by parsing -- the key sequence descriptions contained in the Strings. The key -- sequence descriptions are \"emacs-style\": @M-@, @C-@, @S-@, and -- @M\#-@ denote mod, control, shift, and mod1-mod5 (where @\#@ is -- replaced by the appropriate number) respectively. Note that if -- you want to make a keybinding using \'alt\' even though you use a -- different key (like the \'windows\' key) for \'mod\', you can use -- something like @\"M1-x\"@ for alt+x (check the output of @xmodmap@ -- to see which mod key \'alt\' is bound to). Some special keys can -- also be specified by enclosing their name in angle brackets. -- -- For example, @\"M-C-x\"@ denotes mod+ctrl+x; @\"S-\<Escape\>\"@ -- denotes shift-escape; @\"M1-C-\<Delete\>\"@ denotes alt+ctrl+delete -- (assuming alt is bound to mod1, which is common). -- -- Sequences of keys can also be specified by separating the key -- descriptions with spaces. For example, @\"M-x y \<Down\>\"@ denotes the -- sequence of keys mod+x, y, down. Submaps (see -- "XMonad.Actions.Submap") will be automatically generated to -- correctly handle these cases. -- -- So, for example, a complete key map might be specified as -- -- > keys = \c -> mkKeymap c $ -- > [ ("M-S-<Return>", spawn $ terminal c) -- > , ("M-x w", spawn "xmessage 'woohoo!'") -- type mod+x then w to pop up 'woohoo!' -- > , ("M-x y", spawn "xmessage 'yay!'") -- type mod+x then y to pop up 'yay!' -- > , ("M-S-c", kill) -- > ] -- -- Alternatively, you can use 'additionalKeysP' to automatically -- create a keymap and add it to your config. -- -- Here is a complete list of supported special keys. Note that a few -- keys, such as the arrow keys, have synonyms. If there are other -- special keys you would like to see supported, feel free to submit a -- patch, or ask on the xmonad mailing list; adding special keys is -- quite simple. -- -- > <Backspace> -- > <Tab> -- > <Return> -- > <Pause> -- > <Scroll_lock> -- > <Sys_Req> -- > <Print> -- > <Escape>, <Esc> -- > <Delete> -- > <Home> -- > <Left>, <L> -- > <Up>, <U> -- > <Right>, <R> -- > <Down>, <D> -- > <Page_Up> -- > <Page_Down> -- > <End> -- > <Insert> -- > <Break> -- > <Space> -- > <F1>-<F24> -- > <KP_Space> -- > <KP_Tab> -- > <KP_Enter> -- > <KP_F1> -- > <KP_F2> -- > <KP_F3> -- > <KP_F4> -- > <KP_Home> -- > <KP_Left> -- > <KP_Up> -- > <KP_Right> -- > <KP_Down> -- > <KP_Prior> -- > <KP_Page_Up> -- > <KP_Next> -- > <KP_Page_Down> -- > <KP_End> -- > <KP_Begin> -- > <KP_Insert> -- > <KP_Delete> -- > <KP_Equal> -- > <KP_Multiply> -- > <KP_Add> -- > <KP_Separator> -- > <KP_Subtract> -- > <KP_Decimal> -- > <KP_Divide> -- > <KP_0>-<KP_9> -- -- Long list of multimedia keys. Please note that not all keys may be -- present in your particular setup although most likely they will do. -- -- > <XF86ModeLock> -- > <XF86MonBrightnessUp> -- > <XF86MonBrightnessDown> -- > <XF86KbdLightOnOff> -- > <XF86KbdBrightnessUp> -- > <XF86KbdBrightnessDown> -- > <XF86Standby> -- > <XF86AudioLowerVolume> -- > <XF86AudioMute> -- > <XF86AudioRaiseVolume> -- > <XF86AudioPlay> -- > <XF86AudioStop> -- > <XF86AudioPrev> -- > <XF86AudioNext> -- > <XF86HomePage> -- > <XF86Mail> -- > <XF86Start> -- > <XF86Search> -- > <XF86AudioRecord> -- > <XF86Calculator> -- > <XF86Memo> -- > <XF86ToDoList> -- > <XF86Calendar> -- > <XF86PowerDown> -- > <XF86ContrastAdjust> -- > <XF86RockerUp> -- > <XF86RockerDown> -- > <XF86RockerEnter> -- > <XF86Back> -- > <XF86Forward> -- > <XF86Stop> -- > <XF86Refresh> -- > <XF86PowerOff> -- > <XF86WakeUp> -- > <XF86Eject> -- > <XF86ScreenSaver> -- > <XF86WWW> -- > <XF86Sleep> -- > <XF86Favorites> -- > <XF86AudioPause> -- > <XF86AudioMedia> -- > <XF86MyComputer> -- > <XF86VendorHome> -- > <XF86LightBulb> -- > <XF86Shop> -- > <XF86History> -- > <XF86OpenURL> -- > <XF86AddFavorite> -- > <XF86HotLinks> -- > <XF86BrightnessAdjust> -- > <XF86Finance> -- > <XF86Community> -- > <XF86AudioRewind> -- > <XF86XF86BackForward> -- > <XF86Launch0>-<XF86Launch9>, <XF86LaunchA>-<XF86LaunchF> -- > <XF86ApplicationLeft> -- > <XF86ApplicationRight> -- > <XF86Book> -- > <XF86CD> -- > <XF86Calculater> -- > <XF86Clear> -- > <XF86Close> -- > <XF86Copy> -- > <XF86Cut> -- > <XF86Display> -- > <XF86DOS> -- > <XF86Documents> -- > <XF86Excel> -- > <XF86Explorer> -- > <XF86Game> -- > <XF86Go> -- > <XF86iTouch> -- > <XF86LogOff> -- > <XF86Market> -- > <XF86Meeting> -- > <XF86MenuKB> -- > <XF86MenuPB> -- > <XF86MySites> -- > <XF86New> -- > <XF86News> -- > <XF86OfficeHome> -- > <XF86Open> -- > <XF86Option> -- > <XF86Paste> -- > <XF86Phone> -- > <XF86Q> -- > <XF86Reply> -- > <XF86Reload> -- > <XF86RotateWindows> -- > <XF86RotationPB> -- > <XF86RotationKB> -- > <XF86Save> -- > <XF86ScrollUp> -- > <XF86ScrollDown> -- > <XF86ScrollClick> -- > <XF86Send> -- > <XF86Spell> -- > <XF86SplitScreen> -- > <XF86Support> -- > <XF86TaskPane> -- > <XF86Terminal> -- > <XF86Tools> -- > <XF86Travel> -- > <XF86UserPB> -- > <XF86User1KB> -- > <XF86User2KB> -- > <XF86Video> -- > <XF86WheelButton> -- > <XF86Word> -- > <XF86Xfer> -- > <XF86ZoomIn> -- > <XF86ZoomOut> -- > <XF86Away> -- > <XF86Messenger> -- > <XF86WebCam> -- > <XF86MailForward> -- > <XF86Pictures> -- > <XF86Music> -- > <XF86TouchpadToggle> -- > <XF86_Switch_VT_1>-<XF86_Switch_VT_12> -- > <XF86_Ungrab> -- > <XF86_ClearGrab> -- > <XF86_Next_VMode> -- > <XF86_Prev_VMode> mkKeymap :: XConfig l -> [(String, X ())] -> M.Map (KeyMask, KeySym) (X ()) mkKeymap c = M.fromList . mkSubmaps . readKeymap c mkNamedKeymap :: XConfig l -> [(String, NamedAction)] -> [((KeyMask, KeySym), NamedAction)] mkNamedKeymap c = mkNamedSubmaps . readKeymap c -- | Given a list of pairs of parsed key sequences and actions, -- group them into submaps in the appropriate way. mkNamedSubmaps :: [([(KeyMask, KeySym)], NamedAction)] -> [((KeyMask, KeySym), NamedAction)] mkNamedSubmaps = mkSubmaps' submapName mkSubmaps :: [ ([(KeyMask,KeySym)], X ()) ] -> [((KeyMask, KeySym), X ())] mkSubmaps = mkSubmaps' $ submap . M.fromList mkSubmaps' :: (Ord a) => ([(a, c)] -> c) -> [([a], c)] -> [(a, c)] mkSubmaps' subm binds = map combine gathered where gathered = groupBy fstKey . sortBy (comparing fst) $ binds combine [([k],act)] = (k,act) combine ks = (head . fst . head $ ks, subm . mkSubmaps' subm $ map (first tail) ks) fstKey = (==) `on` (head . fst) on :: (a -> a -> b) -> (c -> a) -> c -> c -> b op `on` f = \x y -> f x `op` f y -- | Given a configuration record and a list of (key sequence -- description, action) pairs, parse the key sequences into lists of -- @(KeyMask,KeySym)@ pairs. Key sequences which fail to parse will -- be ignored. readKeymap :: XConfig l -> [(String, t)] -> [([(KeyMask, KeySym)], t)] readKeymap c = mapMaybe (maybeKeys . first (readKeySequence c)) where maybeKeys (Nothing,_) = Nothing maybeKeys (Just k, act) = Just (k, act) -- | Parse a sequence of keys, returning Nothing if there is -- a parse failure (no parse, or ambiguous parse). readKeySequence :: XConfig l -> String -> Maybe [(KeyMask, KeySym)] readKeySequence c = listToMaybe . parses where parses = map fst . filter (null.snd) . readP_to_S (parseKeySequence c) -- | Parse a sequence of key combinations separated by spaces, e.g. -- @\"M-c x C-S-2\"@ (mod+c, x, ctrl+shift+2). parseKeySequence :: XConfig l -> ReadP [(KeyMask, KeySym)] parseKeySequence c = sepBy1 (parseKeyCombo c) (many1 $ char ' ') -- | Parse a modifier-key combination such as "M-C-s" (mod+ctrl+s). parseKeyCombo :: XConfig l -> ReadP (KeyMask, KeySym) parseKeyCombo c = do mods <- many (parseModifier c) k <- parseKey return (foldl' (.|.) 0 mods, k) -- | Parse a modifier: either M- (user-defined mod-key), -- C- (control), S- (shift), or M#- where # is an integer -- from 1 to 5 (mod1Mask through mod5Mask). parseModifier :: XConfig l -> ReadP KeyMask parseModifier c = (string "M-" >> return (modMask c)) +++ (string "C-" >> return controlMask) +++ (string "S-" >> return shiftMask) +++ do _ <- char 'M' n <- satisfy (`elem` ['1'..'5']) _ <- char '-' return $ indexMod (read [n] - 1) where indexMod = (!!) [mod1Mask,mod2Mask,mod3Mask,mod4Mask,mod5Mask] -- | Parse an unmodified basic key, like @\"x\"@, @\"<F1>\"@, etc. parseKey :: ReadP KeySym parseKey = parseRegular +++ parseSpecial -- | Parse a regular key name (represented by itself). parseRegular :: ReadP KeySym parseRegular = choice [ char s >> return k | (s,k) <- zip ['!'..'~'] [xK_exclam..xK_asciitilde] ] -- | Parse a special key name (one enclosed in angle brackets). parseSpecial :: ReadP KeySym parseSpecial = do _ <- char '<' key <- choice [ string name >> return k | (name,k) <- keyNames ] _ <- char '>' return key -- | A list of all special key names and their associated KeySyms. keyNames :: [(String, KeySym)] keyNames = functionKeys ++ specialKeys ++ multimediaKeys -- | A list pairing function key descriptor strings (e.g. @\"<F2>\"@) with -- the associated KeySyms. functionKeys :: [(String, KeySym)] functionKeys = [ ('F' : show n, k) | (n,k) <- zip ([1..24] :: [Int]) [xK_F1..] ] -- | A list of special key names and their corresponding KeySyms. specialKeys :: [(String, KeySym)] specialKeys = [ ("Backspace" , xK_BackSpace) , ("Tab" , xK_Tab) , ("Return" , xK_Return) , ("Pause" , xK_Pause) , ("Scroll_lock", xK_Scroll_Lock) , ("Sys_Req" , xK_Sys_Req) , ("Print" , xK_Print) , ("Escape" , xK_Escape) , ("Esc" , xK_Escape) , ("Delete" , xK_Delete) , ("Home" , xK_Home) , ("Left" , xK_Left) , ("Up" , xK_Up) , ("Right" , xK_Right) , ("Down" , xK_Down) , ("L" , xK_Left) , ("U" , xK_Up) , ("R" , xK_Right) , ("D" , xK_Down) , ("Page_Up" , xK_Page_Up) , ("Page_Down" , xK_Page_Down) , ("End" , xK_End) , ("Insert" , xK_Insert) , ("Break" , xK_Break) , ("Space" , xK_space) , ("KP_Space" , xK_KP_Space) , ("KP_Tab" , xK_KP_Tab) , ("KP_Enter" , xK_KP_Enter) , ("KP_F1" , xK_KP_F1) , ("KP_F2" , xK_KP_F2) , ("KP_F3" , xK_KP_F3) , ("KP_F4" , xK_KP_F4) , ("KP_Home" , xK_KP_Home) , ("KP_Left" , xK_KP_Left) , ("KP_Up" , xK_KP_Up) , ("KP_Right" , xK_KP_Right) , ("KP_Down" , xK_KP_Down) , ("KP_Prior" , xK_KP_Prior) , ("KP_Page_Up" , xK_KP_Page_Up) , ("KP_Next" , xK_KP_Next) , ("KP_Page_Down", xK_KP_Page_Down) , ("KP_End" , xK_KP_End) , ("KP_Begin" , xK_KP_Begin) , ("KP_Insert" , xK_KP_Insert) , ("KP_Delete" , xK_KP_Delete) , ("KP_Equal" , xK_KP_Equal) , ("KP_Multiply", xK_KP_Multiply) , ("KP_Add" , xK_KP_Add) , ("KP_Separator", xK_KP_Separator) , ("KP_Subtract", xK_KP_Subtract) , ("KP_Decimal" , xK_KP_Decimal) , ("KP_Divide" , xK_KP_Divide) , ("KP_0" , xK_KP_0) , ("KP_1" , xK_KP_1) , ("KP_2" , xK_KP_2) , ("KP_3" , xK_KP_3) , ("KP_4" , xK_KP_4) , ("KP_5" , xK_KP_5) , ("KP_6" , xK_KP_6) , ("KP_7" , xK_KP_7) , ("KP_8" , xK_KP_8) , ("KP_9" , xK_KP_9) ] -- | List of multimedia keys. If X server does not know about some -- | keysym it's omitted from list. (stringToKeysym returns noSymbol in this case) multimediaKeys :: [(String, KeySym)] multimediaKeys = filter ((/= noSymbol) . snd) . map (id &&& stringToKeysym) $ [ "XF86ModeLock" , "XF86MonBrightnessUp" , "XF86MonBrightnessDown" , "XF86KbdLightOnOff" , "XF86KbdBrightnessUp" , "XF86KbdBrightnessDown" , "XF86Standby" , "XF86AudioLowerVolume" , "XF86AudioMute" , "XF86AudioRaiseVolume" , "XF86AudioPlay" , "XF86AudioStop" , "XF86AudioPrev" , "XF86AudioNext" , "XF86HomePage" , "XF86Mail" , "XF86Start" , "XF86Search" , "XF86AudioRecord" , "XF86Calculator" , "XF86Memo" , "XF86ToDoList" , "XF86Calendar" , "XF86PowerDown" , "XF86ContrastAdjust" , "XF86RockerUp" , "XF86RockerDown" , "XF86RockerEnter" , "XF86Back" , "XF86Forward" , "XF86Stop" , "XF86Refresh" , "XF86PowerOff" , "XF86WakeUp" , "XF86Eject" , "XF86ScreenSaver" , "XF86WWW" , "XF86Sleep" , "XF86Favorites" , "XF86AudioPause" , "XF86AudioMedia" , "XF86MyComputer" , "XF86VendorHome" , "XF86LightBulb" , "XF86Shop" , "XF86History" , "XF86OpenURL" , "XF86AddFavorite" , "XF86HotLinks" , "XF86BrightnessAdjust" , "XF86Finance" , "XF86Community" , "XF86AudioRewind" , "XF86BackForward" , "XF86Launch0" , "XF86Launch1" , "XF86Launch2" , "XF86Launch3" , "XF86Launch4" , "XF86Launch5" , "XF86Launch6" , "XF86Launch7" , "XF86Launch8" , "XF86Launch9" , "XF86LaunchA" , "XF86LaunchB" , "XF86LaunchC" , "XF86LaunchD" , "XF86LaunchE" , "XF86LaunchF" , "XF86ApplicationLeft" , "XF86ApplicationRight" , "XF86Book" , "XF86CD" , "XF86Calculater" , "XF86Clear" , "XF86Close" , "XF86Copy" , "XF86Cut" , "XF86Display" , "XF86DOS" , "XF86Documents" , "XF86Excel" , "XF86Explorer" , "XF86Game" , "XF86Go" , "XF86iTouch" , "XF86LogOff" , "XF86Market" , "XF86Meeting" , "XF86MenuKB" , "XF86MenuPB" , "XF86MySites" , "XF86New" , "XF86News" , "XF86OfficeHome" , "XF86Open" , "XF86Option" , "XF86Paste" , "XF86Phone" , "XF86Q" , "XF86Reply" , "XF86Reload" , "XF86RotateWindows" , "XF86RotationPB" , "XF86RotationKB" , "XF86Save" , "XF86ScrollUp" , "XF86ScrollDown" , "XF86ScrollClick" , "XF86Send" , "XF86Spell" , "XF86SplitScreen" , "XF86Support" , "XF86TaskPane" , "XF86Terminal" , "XF86Tools" , "XF86Travel" , "XF86UserPB" , "XF86User1KB" , "XF86User2KB" , "XF86Video" , "XF86WheelButton" , "XF86Word" , "XF86Xfer" , "XF86ZoomIn" , "XF86ZoomOut" , "XF86Away" , "XF86Messenger" , "XF86WebCam" , "XF86MailForward" , "XF86Pictures" , "XF86Music" , "XF86TouchpadToggle" , "XF86_Switch_VT_1" , "XF86_Switch_VT_2" , "XF86_Switch_VT_3" , "XF86_Switch_VT_4" , "XF86_Switch_VT_5" , "XF86_Switch_VT_6" , "XF86_Switch_VT_7" , "XF86_Switch_VT_8" , "XF86_Switch_VT_9" , "XF86_Switch_VT_10" , "XF86_Switch_VT_11" , "XF86_Switch_VT_12" , "XF86_Ungrab" , "XF86_ClearGrab" , "XF86_Next_VMode" , "XF86_Prev_VMode" ] -- | Given a configuration record and a list of (key sequence -- description, action) pairs, check the key sequence descriptions -- for validity, and warn the user (via a popup xmessage window) of -- any unparseable or duplicate key sequences. This function is -- appropriate for adding to your @startupHook@, and you are highly -- encouraged to do so; otherwise, duplicate or unparseable -- keybindings will be silently ignored. -- -- For example, you might do something like this: -- -- > main = xmonad $ myConfig -- > -- > myKeymap = [("S-M-c", kill), ...] -- > myConfig = defaultConfig { -- > ... -- > keys = \c -> mkKeymap c myKeymap -- > startupHook = return () >> checkKeymap myConfig myKeymap -- > ... -- > } -- -- NOTE: the @return ()@ in the example above is very important! -- Otherwise, you might run into problems with infinite mutual -- recursion: the definition of myConfig depends on the definition of -- startupHook, which depends on the definition of myConfig, ... and -- so on. Actually, it's likely that the above example in particular -- would be OK without the @return ()@, but making @myKeymap@ take -- @myConfig@ as a parameter would definitely lead to -- problems. Believe me. It, uh, happened to my friend. In... a -- dream. Yeah. In any event, the @return () >>@ introduces enough -- laziness to break the deadlock. -- checkKeymap :: XConfig l -> [(String, a)] -> X () checkKeymap conf km = warn (doKeymapCheck conf km) where warn ([],[]) = return () warn (bad,dup) = spawn $ "xmessage 'Warning:\n" ++ msg "bad" bad ++ "\n" ++ msg "duplicate" dup ++ "'" msg _ [] = "" msg m xs = m ++ " keybindings detected: " ++ showBindings xs showBindings = unwords . map (("\""++) . (++"\"")) -- | Given a config and a list of (key sequence description, action) -- pairs, check the key sequence descriptions for validity, -- returning a list of unparseable key sequences, and a list of -- duplicate key sequences. doKeymapCheck :: XConfig l -> [(String,a)] -> ([String], [String]) doKeymapCheck conf km = (bad,dups) where ks = map ((readKeySequence conf &&& id) . fst) km bad = nub . map snd . filter (isNothing . fst) $ ks dups = map (snd . head) . filter ((>1) . length) . groupBy ((==) `on` fst) . sortBy (comparing fst) . map (first fromJust) . filter (isJust . fst) $ ks