Stream-0.3: A library for manipulating infinite lists.

Data.Stream

Contents

Description

Streams are infinite lists. Most operations on streams are completely analogous to the definition in Data.List.

Synopsis

The type of streams

data Stream a Source

An infinite sequence.

Beware: If you use any function from the Eq or Ord class two compare to equal streams, these functions will diverge.

Constructors

Cons a (Stream a) 

Instances

Monad Stream 
Functor Stream 
Applicative Stream 
Eq a => Eq (Stream a) 
Ord a => Ord (Stream a) 
Show a => Show (Stream a)

A Show instance for Streams that takes the right associativity into account and so doesn't put parenthesis around the tail of the Stream. Note that show returns an infinite String.

Arbitrary a => Arbitrary (Stream a) 
Serial a => Serial (Stream a) 

Basic functions

(<:>) :: a -> Stream a -> Stream aSource

The <:> operator is an infix version of the Cons constructor.

head :: Stream a -> aSource

Extract the first element of the sequence.

tail :: Stream a -> Stream aSource

Extract the sequence following the head of the stream.

inits :: Stream a -> Stream [a]Source

The inits function takes a stream xs and returns all the finite prefixes of xs.

Note that this inits is lazier then Data.List.inits:

 inits _|_ = [] ::: _|_

while for Data.List.inits:

 inits _|_ = _|_

tails :: Stream a -> Stream (Stream a)Source

The tails function takes a stream xs and returns all the suffixes of xs.

Stream transformations

map :: (a -> b) -> Stream a -> Stream bSource

Apply a function uniformly over all elements of a sequence.

intersperse :: a -> Stream a -> Stream aSource

intersperse y xs creates an alternating stream of elements from xs and y.

interleave :: Stream a -> Stream a -> Stream aSource

Interleave two Streams xs and ys, alternating elements from each list.

 [x1,x2,...] `interleave` [y1,y2,...] == [x1,y1,x2,y2,...]

scan :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> Stream b -> Stream aSource

scan yields a stream of successive reduced values from:

 scan f z [x1, x2, ...] == [z, z `f` x1, (z `f` x1) `f` x2, ...]

scan' :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> Stream b -> Stream aSource

scan' is a strict scan.

scan1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Stream a -> Stream aSource

scan1 is a variant of scan that has no starting value argument:

 scan1 f [x1, x2, ...] == [x1, x1 `f` x2, ...]

scan1' :: (a -> a -> a) -> Stream a -> Stream aSource

scan1' is a strict scan that has no starting value.

transpose :: Stream (Stream a) -> Stream (Stream a)Source

transpose computes the transposition of a stream of streams.

Building streams

iterate :: (a -> a) -> a -> Stream aSource

iterate f x function produces the infinite sequence of repeated applications of f to x.

 iterate f x = [x, f x, f (f x), ..]

repeat :: a -> Stream aSource

repeat x returns a constant stream, where all elements are equal to x.

cycle :: [a] -> Stream aSource

cycle xs returns the infinite repetition of xs:

 cycle [1,2,3] = Cons 1 (Cons 2 (Cons 3 (Cons 1 (Cons 2 ...

unfold :: (c -> (a, c)) -> c -> Stream aSource

The unfold function is similar to the unfold for lists. Note there is no base case: all streams must be infinite.

Extracting sublists

take :: Int -> Stream a -> [a]Source

take n xs returns the first n elements of xs.

Beware: passing a negative integer as the first argument will cause an error.

drop :: Int -> Stream a -> Stream aSource

drop n xs drops the first n elements off the front of the sequence xs.

Beware: passing a negative integer as the first argument will cause an error.

splitAt :: Int -> Stream a -> ([a], Stream a)Source

The splitAt function takes an integer n and a stream xs and returns a pair consisting of the prefix of xs of length n and the remaining stream immediately following this prefix.

Beware: passing a negative integer as the first argument will cause an error.

takeWhile :: (a -> Bool) -> Stream a -> [a]Source

takeWhile p xs returns the longest prefix of the stream xs for which the predicate p holds.

dropWhile :: (a -> Bool) -> Stream a -> Stream aSource

dropWhile p xs returns the suffix remaining after takeWhile p xs.

Beware: this function may diverge if every element of xs satisfies p, e.g. dropWhile even (repeat 0) will loop.

span :: (a -> Bool) -> Stream a -> ([a], Stream a)Source

span p xs returns the longest prefix of xs that satisfies p, together with the remainder of the stream.

break :: (a -> Bool) -> Stream a -> ([a], Stream a)Source

The break p function is equivalent to span not . p.

filter :: (a -> Bool) -> Stream a -> Stream aSource

filter p xs, removes any elements from xs that do not satisfy p.

Beware: this function may diverge if there is no element of xs that satisfies p, e.g. filter odd (repeat 0) will loop.

partition :: (a -> Bool) -> Stream a -> (Stream a, Stream a)Source

The partition function takes a predicate p and a stream xs, and returns a pair of streams. The first stream corresponds to the elements of xs for which p holds; the second stream corresponds to the elements of xs for which p does not hold.

Beware: One of the elements of the tuple may be undefined. For example, fst (partition even (repeat 0)) == repeat 0; on the other hand snd (partition even (repeat 0)) is undefined.

group :: Eq a => Stream a -> Stream [a]Source

The group function takes a stream and returns a stream of lists such that flattening the resulting stream is equal to the argument. Moreover, each sublist in the resulting stream contains only equal elements. For example,

 group $ cycle "Mississippi" = "M" ::: "i" ::: "ss" ::: "i" ::: "ss" ::: "i" ::: "pp" ::: "i" ::: "M" ::: "i" ::: ...

Sublist predicates

isPrefixOf :: Eq a => [a] -> Stream a -> BoolSource

The isPrefix function returns True if the first argument is a prefix of the second.

Indexing streams

(!!) :: Stream a -> Int -> aSource

xs !! n returns the element of the stream xs at index n. Note that the head of the stream has index 0.

Beware: passing a negative integer as the first argument will cause an error.

elemIndex :: Eq a => a -> Stream a -> IntSource

The elemIndex function returns the index of the first element in the given stream which is equal (by ==) to the query element,

Beware: elemIndex x xs will diverge if none of the elements of xs equal x.

elemIndices :: Eq a => a -> Stream a -> Stream IntSource

The elemIndices function extends elemIndex, by returning the indices of all elements equal to the query element, in ascending order.

Beware: elemIndices x xs will diverge if any suffix of xs does not contain x.

findIndex :: (a -> Bool) -> Stream a -> IntSource

The findIndex function takes a predicate and a stream and returns the index of the first element in the stream that satisfies the predicate,

Beware: findIndex p xs will diverge if none of the elements of xs satisfy p.

findIndices :: (a -> Bool) -> Stream a -> Stream IntSource

The findIndices function extends findIndex, by returning the indices of all elements satisfying the predicate, in ascending order.

Beware: findIndices p xs will diverge if all the elements of any suffix of xs fails to satisfy p.

Zipping and unzipping streams

zip :: Stream a -> Stream b -> Stream (a, b)Source

The zip function takes two streams and returns a list of corresponding pairs.

zipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> Stream a -> Stream b -> Stream cSource

The zipWith function generalizes zip. Rather than tupling the functions, the elements are combined using the function passed as the first argument to zipWith.

unzip :: Stream (a, b) -> (Stream a, Stream b)Source

The unzip function is the inverse of the zip function.

Functions on streams of characters

words :: Stream Char -> Stream StringSource

The words function breaks a stream of characters into a stream of words, which were delimited by white space.

Beware: if the stream of characters xs does not contain white space, accessing the tail of words xs will loop.

unwords :: Stream String -> Stream CharSource

The unwords function is an inverse operation to words. It joins words with separating spaces.

lines :: Stream Char -> Stream StringSource

The lines function breaks a stream of characters into a list of strings at newline characters. The resulting strings do not contain newlines.

Beware: if the stream of characters xs does not contain newline characters, accessing the tail of lines xs will loop.

unlines :: Stream String -> Stream CharSource

The unlines function is an inverse operation to lines. It joins lines, after appending a terminating newline to each.

Converting to and from an infinite list

toList :: Stream a -> [a]Source

The toList converts a stream into an infinite list.

fromList :: [a] -> Stream aSource

The fromList converts an infinite list to a stream.

Beware: Passing a finite list, will cause an error.