yaml-0.8.31: Support for parsing and rendering YAML documents.

Safe HaskellNone
LanguageHaskell98

Data.Yaml

Contents

Description

Provides a high-level interface for processing YAML files.

This module reuses most of the infrastructure from the aeson package. This means that you can use all of the existing tools for JSON processing for processing YAML files. As a result, much of the documentation below mentions JSON; do not let that confuse you, it's intentional.

For the most part, YAML content translates directly into JSON, and therefore there is very little data loss. If you need to deal with YAML more directly (e.g., directly deal with aliases), you should use the Text.Libyaml module instead.

For documentation on the aeson types, functions, classes, and operators, please see the Data.Aeson module of the aeson package.

Look in the examples directory of the source repository for some initial pointers on how to use this library.

Synopsis

Encoding

encode :: ToJSON a => a -> ByteString Source #

Encode a value into its YAML representation.

encodeFile :: ToJSON a => FilePath -> a -> IO () Source #

Encode a value into its YAML representation and save to the given file.

Decoding

decodeEither' :: FromJSON a => ByteString -> Either ParseException a Source #

More helpful version of decodeEither which returns the YamlException.

Since: 0.8.3

decodeFileEither :: FromJSON a => FilePath -> IO (Either ParseException a) Source #

A version of decodeFile which should not throw runtime exceptions.

Since: 0.8.4

decodeThrow :: (MonadThrow m, FromJSON a) => ByteString -> m a Source #

A version of decodeEither' lifted to MonadThrow

Since: 0.8.31

decodeFileThrow :: (MonadIO m, FromJSON a) => FilePath -> m a Source #

A version of decodeFileEither lifted to MonadIO

Since: 0.8.31

More control over decoding

Types

data Value :: * #

A JSON value represented as a Haskell value.

Instances

Eq Value 

Methods

(==) :: Value -> Value -> Bool #

(/=) :: Value -> Value -> Bool #

Data Value 

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Value -> c Value #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c Value #

toConstr :: Value -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: Value -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable (* -> *) t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c Value) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable (* -> * -> *) t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c Value) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Value -> Value #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Value -> r #

gmapQr :: (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Value -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Value -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Value -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Value -> m Value #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Value -> m Value #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Value -> m Value #

Read Value 
Show Value 

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Value -> ShowS #

show :: Value -> String #

showList :: [Value] -> ShowS #

IsString Value 

Methods

fromString :: String -> Value #

Generic Value 

Associated Types

type Rep Value :: * -> * #

Methods

from :: Value -> Rep Value x #

to :: Rep Value x -> Value #

Lift Value 

Methods

lift :: Value -> Q Exp #

FromString Encoding 
FromString Value 

Methods

fromString :: String -> Value

Hashable Value 

Methods

hashWithSalt :: Int -> Value -> Int #

hash :: Value -> Int #

ToJSON Value 
KeyValue Pair 

Methods

(.=) :: ToJSON v => Text -> v -> Pair #

FromJSON Value 
NFData Value 

Methods

rnf :: Value -> () #

FromPairs Encoding Series 
GKeyValue Encoding Series 

Methods

gPair :: String -> Encoding -> Series

GToJSON Encoding arity (U1 *) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Encoding arity a -> U1 * a -> Encoding

GToJSON Value arity (U1 *) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Value arity a -> U1 * a -> Value

ToJSON1 f => GToJSON Encoding One (Rec1 * f) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Encoding One a -> Rec1 * f a -> Encoding

ToJSON1 f => GToJSON Value One (Rec1 * f) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Value One a -> Rec1 * f a -> Value

ToJSON a => GToJSON Encoding arity (K1 * i a) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Encoding arity a -> K1 * i a a -> Encoding

(EncodeProduct arity a, EncodeProduct arity b) => GToJSON Encoding arity ((:*:) * a b) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Encoding arity a -> (* :*: a) b a -> Encoding

ToJSON a => GToJSON Value arity (K1 * i a) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Value arity a -> K1 * i a a -> Value

(WriteProduct arity a, WriteProduct arity b, ProductSize a, ProductSize b) => GToJSON Value arity ((:*:) * a b) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Value arity a -> (* :*: a) b a -> Value

(ToJSON1 f, GToJSON Encoding One g) => GToJSON Encoding One ((:.:) * * f g) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Encoding One a -> (* :.: *) f g a -> Encoding

(ToJSON1 f, GToJSON Value One g) => GToJSON Value One ((:.:) * * f g) 

Methods

gToJSON :: Options -> ToArgs Value One a -> (* :.: *) f g a -> Value

FromPairs Value (DList Pair) 

Methods

fromPairs :: DList Pair -> Value

ToJSON v => GKeyValue v (DList Pair) 

Methods

gPair :: String -> v -> DList Pair

(GToJSON Encoding arity a, ConsToJSON Encoding arity a, Constructor Meta c) => SumToJSON' * TwoElemArray Encoding arity (C1 * c a) 

Methods

sumToJSON' :: Options -> ToArgs arity (C1 * c a) a -> f a -> Tagged TwoElemArray Encoding arity

(GToJSON Value arity a, ConsToJSON Value arity a, Constructor Meta c) => SumToJSON' * TwoElemArray Value arity (C1 * c a) 

Methods

sumToJSON' :: Options -> ToArgs arity (C1 * c a) a -> f a -> Tagged TwoElemArray Value arity

type Rep Value 

data Parser a :: * -> * #

A JSON parser.

Instances

Monad Parser 

Methods

(>>=) :: Parser a -> (a -> Parser b) -> Parser b #

(>>) :: Parser a -> Parser b -> Parser b #

return :: a -> Parser a #

fail :: String -> Parser a #

Functor Parser 

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Parser a -> Parser b #

(<$) :: a -> Parser b -> Parser a #

MonadFail Parser 

Methods

fail :: String -> Parser a #

Applicative Parser 

Methods

pure :: a -> Parser a #

(<*>) :: Parser (a -> b) -> Parser a -> Parser b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Parser a -> Parser b -> Parser c #

(*>) :: Parser a -> Parser b -> Parser b #

(<*) :: Parser a -> Parser b -> Parser a #

Alternative Parser 

Methods

empty :: Parser a #

(<|>) :: Parser a -> Parser a -> Parser a #

some :: Parser a -> Parser [a] #

many :: Parser a -> Parser [a] #

MonadPlus Parser 

Methods

mzero :: Parser a #

mplus :: Parser a -> Parser a -> Parser a #

Semigroup (Parser a) 

Methods

(<>) :: Parser a -> Parser a -> Parser a #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Parser a) -> Parser a #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Parser a -> Parser a #

Monoid (Parser a) 

Methods

mempty :: Parser a #

mappend :: Parser a -> Parser a -> Parser a #

mconcat :: [Parser a] -> Parser a #

type Object = HashMap Text Value #

A JSON "object" (key/value map).

type Array = Vector Value #

A JSON "array" (sequence).

prettyPrintParseException :: ParseException -> String Source #

Alternative to show to display a ParseException on the screen. Instead of displaying the data constructors applied to their arguments, a more textual output is returned. For example, instead of printing:

InvalidYaml (Just (YamlParseException {yamlProblem = "did not find expected ',' or '}'", yamlContext = "while parsing a flow mapping", yamlProblemMark = YamlMark {yamlIndex = 42, yamlLine = 2, yamlColumn = 12}})))

It looks more pleasant to print:

YAML parse exception at line 2, column 12,
while parsing a flow mapping:
did not find expected ',' or '}'

Since 0.8.11

data YamlMark Source #

The pointer position

Constructors

YamlMark 

Fields

Constructors and accessors

object :: [Pair] -> Value #

Create a Value from a list of name/value Pairs. If duplicate keys arise, earlier keys and their associated values win.

array :: [Value] -> Value Source #

Construct a new Value from a list of Values.

(.=) :: KeyValue kv => forall v. ToJSON v => Text -> v -> kv infixr 8 #

(.:) :: FromJSON a => Object -> Text -> Parser a #

Retrieve the value associated with the given key of an Object. The result is empty if the key is not present or the value cannot be converted to the desired type.

This accessor is appropriate if the key and value must be present in an object for it to be valid. If the key and value are optional, use .:? instead.

(.:?) :: FromJSON a => Object -> Text -> Parser (Maybe a) #

Retrieve the value associated with the given key of an Object. The result is Nothing if the key is not present or if its value is Null, or empty if the value cannot be converted to the desired type.

This accessor is most useful if the key and value can be absent from an object without affecting its validity. If the key and value are mandatory, use .: instead.

(.!=) :: Parser (Maybe a) -> a -> Parser a #

Helper for use in combination with .:? to provide default values for optional JSON object fields.

This combinator is most useful if the key and value can be absent from an object without affecting its validity and we know a default value to assign in that case. If the key and value are mandatory, use .: instead.

Example usage:

 v1 <- o .:? "opt_field_with_dfl" .!= "default_val"
 v2 <- o .:  "mandatory_field"
 v3 <- o .:? "opt_field2"

With helpers (since 0.8.23)

withObject :: String -> (Object -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #

withObject expected f value applies f to the Object when value is an Object and fails using typeMismatch expected otherwise.

withText :: String -> (Text -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #

withText expected f value applies f to the Text when value is a String and fails using typeMismatch expected otherwise.

withArray :: String -> (Array -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #

withArray expected f value applies f to the Array when value is an Array and fails using typeMismatch expected otherwise.

withScientific :: String -> (Scientific -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #

withScientific expected f value applies f to the Scientific number when value is a Number and fails using typeMismatch expected otherwise.

withBool :: String -> (Bool -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #

withBool expected f value applies f to the Bool when value is a Bool and fails using typeMismatch expected otherwise.

Parsing

parseMonad :: Monad m => (a -> Parser b) -> a -> m b Source #

parseEither :: (a -> Parser b) -> a -> Either String b #

Run a Parser with an Either result type. If the parse fails, the Left payload will contain an error message.

parseMaybe :: (a -> Parser b) -> a -> Maybe b #

Run a Parser with a Maybe result type.

Classes

class ToJSON a where #

A type that can be converted to JSON.

Instances in general must specify toJSON and should (but don't need to) specify toEncoding.

An example type and instance:

-- Allow ourselves to write Text literals.
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}

data Coord = Coord { x :: Double, y :: Double }

instance ToJSON Coord where
  toJSON (Coord x y) = object ["x" .= x, "y" .= y]

  toEncoding (Coord x y) = pairs ("x" .= x <> "y" .= y)

Instead of manually writing your ToJSON instance, there are two options to do it automatically:

  • Data.Aeson.TH provides Template Haskell functions which will derive an instance at compile time. The generated instance is optimized for your type so it will probably be more efficient than the following option.
  • The compiler can provide a default generic implementation for toJSON.

To use the second, simply add a deriving Generic clause to your datatype and declare a ToJSON instance. If you require nothing other than defaultOptions, it is sufficient to write (and this is the only alternative where the default toJSON implementation is sufficient):

{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}

import GHC.Generics

data Coord = Coord { x :: Double, y :: Double } deriving Generic

instance ToJSON Coord where
    toEncoding = genericToEncoding defaultOptions

If on the other hand you wish to customize the generic decoding, you have to implement both methods:

customOptions = defaultOptions
                { fieldLabelModifier = map toUpper
                }

instance ToJSON Coord where
    toJSON     = genericToJSON customOptions
    toEncoding = genericToEncoding customOptions

Previous versions of this library only had the toJSON method. Adding toEncoding had to reasons:

  1. toEncoding is more efficient for the common case that the output of toJSON is directly serialized to a ByteString. Further, expressing either method in terms of the other would be non-optimal.
  2. The choice of defaults allows a smooth transition for existing users: Existing instances that do not define toEncoding still compile and have the correct semantics. This is ensured by making the default implementation of toEncoding use toJSON. This produces correct results, but since it performs an intermediate conversion to a Value, it will be less efficient than directly emitting an Encoding. (this also means that specifying nothing more than instance ToJSON Coord would be sufficient as a generically decoding instance, but there probably exists no good reason to not specify toEncoding in new instances.)

Methods

toJSON :: a -> Value #

Convert a Haskell value to a JSON-friendly intermediate type.

toEncoding :: a -> Encoding #

Encode a Haskell value as JSON.

The default implementation of this method creates an intermediate Value using toJSON. This provides source-level compatibility for people upgrading from older versions of this library, but obviously offers no performance advantage.

To benefit from direct encoding, you must provide an implementation for this method. The easiest way to do so is by having your types implement Generic using the DeriveGeneric extension, and then have GHC generate a method body as follows.

instance ToJSON Coord where
    toEncoding = genericToEncoding defaultOptions

toJSONList :: [a] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [a] -> Encoding #

Instances

ToJSON Bool 
ToJSON Char 
ToJSON Double 
ToJSON Float 
ToJSON Int 
ToJSON Int8 
ToJSON Int16 
ToJSON Int32 
ToJSON Int64 
ToJSON Integer 
ToJSON Natural 
ToJSON Ordering 
ToJSON Word 
ToJSON Word8 
ToJSON Word16 
ToJSON Word32 
ToJSON Word64 
ToJSON () 

Methods

toJSON :: () -> Value #

toEncoding :: () -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [()] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [()] -> Encoding #

ToJSON Scientific 
ToJSON Number 
ToJSON Text 
ToJSON UTCTime 
ToJSON Value 
ToJSON DotNetTime 
ToJSON Text 
ToJSON Version 
ToJSON CTime 
ToJSON IntSet 
ToJSON ZonedTime 
ToJSON LocalTime 
ToJSON TimeOfDay 
ToJSON NominalDiffTime 
ToJSON DiffTime 
ToJSON Day 
ToJSON UUID 
ToJSON a => ToJSON [a] 

Methods

toJSON :: [a] -> Value #

toEncoding :: [a] -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [[a]] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [[a]] -> Encoding #

ToJSON a => ToJSON (Maybe a) 
(ToJSON a, Integral a) => ToJSON (Ratio a) 
HasResolution a => ToJSON (Fixed a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (Min a) 

Methods

toJSON :: Min a -> Value #

toEncoding :: Min a -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Min a] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Min a] -> Encoding #

ToJSON a => ToJSON (Max a) 

Methods

toJSON :: Max a -> Value #

toEncoding :: Max a -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Max a] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Max a] -> Encoding #

ToJSON a => ToJSON (First a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (Last a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (WrappedMonoid a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (Option a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (NonEmpty a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (Identity a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (Dual a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (First a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (Last a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (IntMap a) 
ToJSON v => ToJSON (Tree v) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (Seq a) 

Methods

toJSON :: Seq a -> Value #

toEncoding :: Seq a -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Seq a] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Seq a] -> Encoding #

ToJSON a => ToJSON (Set a) 

Methods

toJSON :: Set a -> Value #

toEncoding :: Set a -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Set a] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Set a] -> Encoding #

ToJSON a => ToJSON (DList a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (HashSet a) 
(Vector Vector a, ToJSON a) => ToJSON (Vector a) 
(Storable a, ToJSON a) => ToJSON (Vector a) 
(Prim a, ToJSON a) => ToJSON (Vector a) 
ToJSON a => ToJSON (Vector a) 
(ToJSON a, ToJSON b) => ToJSON (Either a b) 

Methods

toJSON :: Either a b -> Value #

toEncoding :: Either a b -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Either a b] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Either a b] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b) => ToJSON (a, b) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON v, ToJSONKey k) => ToJSON (HashMap k v) 
(ToJSON v, ToJSONKey k) => ToJSON (Map k v) 

Methods

toJSON :: Map k v -> Value #

toEncoding :: Map k v -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Map k v] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Map k v] -> Encoding #

ToJSON (Proxy k a) 

Methods

toJSON :: Proxy k a -> Value #

toEncoding :: Proxy k a -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Proxy k a] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Proxy k a] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c) => ToJSON (a, b, c) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c)] -> Encoding #

ToJSON a => ToJSON (Const k a b) 

Methods

toJSON :: Const k a b -> Value #

toEncoding :: Const k a b -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Const k a b] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Const k a b] -> Encoding #

ToJSON b => ToJSON (Tagged k a b) 

Methods

toJSON :: Tagged k a b -> Value #

toEncoding :: Tagged k a b -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Tagged k a b] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Tagged k a b] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON1 f, ToJSON1 g, ToJSON a) => ToJSON (Product * f g a) 

Methods

toJSON :: Product * f g a -> Value #

toEncoding :: Product * f g a -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Product * f g a] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Product * f g a] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON1 f, ToJSON1 g, ToJSON a) => ToJSON (Sum * f g a) 

Methods

toJSON :: Sum * f g a -> Value #

toEncoding :: Sum * f g a -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Sum * f g a] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Sum * f g a] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON1 f, ToJSON1 g, ToJSON a) => ToJSON (Compose * * f g a) 

Methods

toJSON :: Compose * * f g a -> Value #

toEncoding :: Compose * * f g a -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [Compose * * f g a] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [Compose * * f g a] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f, ToJSON g) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f, ToJSON g, ToJSON h) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f, ToJSON g, ToJSON h, ToJSON i) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f, ToJSON g, ToJSON h, ToJSON i, ToJSON j) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f, ToJSON g, ToJSON h, ToJSON i, ToJSON j, ToJSON k) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f, ToJSON g, ToJSON h, ToJSON i, ToJSON j, ToJSON k, ToJSON l) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f, ToJSON g, ToJSON h, ToJSON i, ToJSON j, ToJSON k, ToJSON l, ToJSON m) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f, ToJSON g, ToJSON h, ToJSON i, ToJSON j, ToJSON k, ToJSON l, ToJSON m, ToJSON n) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n)] -> Encoding #

(ToJSON a, ToJSON b, ToJSON c, ToJSON d, ToJSON e, ToJSON f, ToJSON g, ToJSON h, ToJSON i, ToJSON j, ToJSON k, ToJSON l, ToJSON m, ToJSON n, ToJSON o) => ToJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o) 

Methods

toJSON :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o) -> Value #

toEncoding :: (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o) -> Encoding #

toJSONList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o)] -> Value #

toEncodingList :: [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o)] -> Encoding #

class FromJSON a where #

A type that can be converted from JSON, with the possibility of failure.

In many cases, you can get the compiler to generate parsing code for you (see below). To begin, let's cover writing an instance by hand.

There are various reasons a conversion could fail. For example, an Object could be missing a required key, an Array could be of the wrong size, or a value could be of an incompatible type.

The basic ways to signal a failed conversion are as follows:

  • empty and mzero work, but are terse and uninformative;
  • fail yields a custom error message;
  • typeMismatch produces an informative message for cases when the value encountered is not of the expected type.

An example type and instance using typeMismatch:

-- Allow ourselves to write Text literals.
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}

data Coord = Coord { x :: Double, y :: Double }

instance FromJSON Coord where
    parseJSON (Object v) = Coord
        <$> v .: "x"
        <*> v .: "y"

    -- We do not expect a non-Object value here.
    -- We could use mzero to fail, but typeMismatch
    -- gives a much more informative error message.
    parseJSON invalid    = typeMismatch "Coord" invalid

For this common case of only being concerned with a single type of JSON value, the functions withObject, withNumber, etc. are provided. Their use is to be preferred when possible, since they are more terse. Using withObject, we can rewrite the above instance (assuming the same language extension and data type) as:

instance FromJSON Coord where
    parseJSON = withObject "Coord" $ \v -> Coord
        <$> v .: "x"
        <*> v .: "y"

Instead of manually writing your FromJSON instance, there are two options to do it automatically:

  • Data.Aeson.TH provides Template Haskell functions which will derive an instance at compile time. The generated instance is optimized for your type so it will probably be more efficient than the following option.
  • The compiler can provide a default generic implementation for parseJSON.

To use the second, simply add a deriving Generic clause to your datatype and declare a FromJSON instance for your datatype without giving a definition for parseJSON.

For example, the previous example can be simplified to just:

{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}

import GHC.Generics

data Coord = Coord { x :: Double, y :: Double } deriving Generic

instance FromJSON Coord

The default implementation will be equivalent to parseJSON = genericParseJSON defaultOptions; If you need different options, you can customize the generic decoding by defining:

customOptions = defaultOptions
                { fieldLabelModifier = map toUpper
                }

instance FromJSON Coord where
    parseJSON = genericParseJSON customOptions

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser a #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [a] #

Instances

FromJSON Bool 
FromJSON Char 
FromJSON Double 
FromJSON Float 
FromJSON Int 
FromJSON Int8 
FromJSON Int16 
FromJSON Int32 
FromJSON Int64 
FromJSON Integer

WARNING: Only parse Integers from trusted input since an attacker could easily fill up the memory of the target system by specifying a scientific number with a big exponent like 1e1000000000.

FromJSON Natural 
FromJSON Ordering 
FromJSON Word 
FromJSON Word8 
FromJSON Word16 
FromJSON Word32 
FromJSON Word64 
FromJSON () 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser () #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [()] #

FromJSON Scientific 
FromJSON Number 
FromJSON Text 
FromJSON UTCTime 
FromJSON Value 
FromJSON DotNetTime 
FromJSON Text 
FromJSON Version 
FromJSON CTime 
FromJSON IntSet 
FromJSON ZonedTime

Supported string formats:

YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM Z YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS Z YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SSS Z

The first space may instead be a T, and the second space is optional. The Z represents UTC. The Z may be replaced with a time zone offset of the form +0000 or -08:00, where the first two digits are hours, the : is optional and the second two digits (also optional) are minutes.

FromJSON LocalTime 
FromJSON TimeOfDay 
FromJSON NominalDiffTime

WARNING: Only parse lengths of time from trusted input since an attacker could easily fill up the memory of the target system by specifying a scientific number with a big exponent like 1e1000000000.

FromJSON DiffTime

WARNING: Only parse lengths of time from trusted input since an attacker could easily fill up the memory of the target system by specifying a scientific number with a big exponent like 1e1000000000.

FromJSON Day 
FromJSON UUID 
FromJSON a => FromJSON [a] 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser [a] #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [[a]] #

FromJSON a => FromJSON (Maybe a) 
(FromJSON a, Integral a) => FromJSON (Ratio a) 
HasResolution a => FromJSON (Fixed a)

WARNING: Only parse fixed-precision numbers from trusted input since an attacker could easily fill up the memory of the target system by specifying a scientific number with a big exponent like 1e1000000000.

FromJSON a => FromJSON (Min a) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Min a) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Min a] #

FromJSON a => FromJSON (Max a) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Max a) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Max a] #

FromJSON a => FromJSON (First a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (Last a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (WrappedMonoid a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (Option a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (NonEmpty a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (Identity a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (Dual a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (First a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (Last a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (IntMap a) 
FromJSON v => FromJSON (Tree v) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (Seq a) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Seq a) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Seq a] #

(Ord a, FromJSON a) => FromJSON (Set a) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Set a) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Set a] #

FromJSON a => FromJSON (DList a) 
(Eq a, Hashable a, FromJSON a) => FromJSON (HashSet a) 
(Vector Vector a, FromJSON a) => FromJSON (Vector a) 
(Storable a, FromJSON a) => FromJSON (Vector a) 
(Prim a, FromJSON a) => FromJSON (Vector a) 
FromJSON a => FromJSON (Vector a) 
(FromJSON a, FromJSON b) => FromJSON (Either a b) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Either a b) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Either a b] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b) => FromJSON (a, b) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b)] #

(FromJSON v, FromJSONKey k, Eq k, Hashable k) => FromJSON (HashMap k v) 
(FromJSONKey k, Ord k, FromJSON v) => FromJSON (Map k v) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Map k v) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Map k v] #

FromJSON (Proxy k a) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Proxy k a) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Proxy k a] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c) => FromJSON (a, b, c) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c)] #

FromJSON a => FromJSON (Const k a b) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Const k a b) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Const k a b] #

FromJSON b => FromJSON (Tagged k a b) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Tagged k a b) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Tagged k a b] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d)] #

(FromJSON1 f, FromJSON1 g, FromJSON a) => FromJSON (Product * f g a) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Product * f g a) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Product * f g a] #

(FromJSON1 f, FromJSON1 g, FromJSON a) => FromJSON (Sum * f g a) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Sum * f g a) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Sum * f g a] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e)] #

(FromJSON1 f, FromJSON1 g, FromJSON a) => FromJSON (Compose * * f g a) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (Compose * * f g a) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [Compose * * f g a] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f)] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f, FromJSON g) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g)] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f, FromJSON g, FromJSON h) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h)] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f, FromJSON g, FromJSON h, FromJSON i) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i)] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f, FromJSON g, FromJSON h, FromJSON i, FromJSON j) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j)] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f, FromJSON g, FromJSON h, FromJSON i, FromJSON j, FromJSON k) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k)] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f, FromJSON g, FromJSON h, FromJSON i, FromJSON j, FromJSON k, FromJSON l) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l)] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f, FromJSON g, FromJSON h, FromJSON i, FromJSON j, FromJSON k, FromJSON l, FromJSON m) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m)] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f, FromJSON g, FromJSON h, FromJSON i, FromJSON j, FromJSON k, FromJSON l, FromJSON m, FromJSON n) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n)] #

(FromJSON a, FromJSON b, FromJSON c, FromJSON d, FromJSON e, FromJSON f, FromJSON g, FromJSON h, FromJSON i, FromJSON j, FromJSON k, FromJSON l, FromJSON m, FromJSON n, FromJSON o) => FromJSON (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o) 

Methods

parseJSON :: Value -> Parser (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o) #

parseJSONList :: Value -> Parser [(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o)] #

Deprecated

decode :: FromJSON a => ByteString -> Maybe a Source #

Deprecated: Please use decodeEither or decodeThrow, which provide information on how the decode failed

decodeFile :: FromJSON a => FilePath -> IO (Maybe a) Source #

Deprecated: Please use decodeFileEither, which does not confused type-directed and runtime exceptions.

decodeEither :: FromJSON a => ByteString -> Either String a Source #

Deprecated: Please use decodeEither' or decodeThrow, which provide more useful failures