Portability | portable (needs FFI) |
---|---|
Stability | provisional |
Maintainer | felipe.lessa@gmail.com |
Shapes used for collisions, their properties and some useful polygon functions.
- data Shape
- data ShapeType
- newShape :: Body -> ShapeType -> Position -> IO Shape
- type CollisionType = Word32
- getCollisionType :: Shape -> IO CollisionType
- setCollisionType :: Shape -> CollisionType -> IO ()
- type Group = Word32
- getGroup :: Shape -> IO Group
- setGroup :: Shape -> Group -> IO ()
- type Layers = Word32
- getLayers :: Shape -> IO Layers
- setLayers :: Shape -> Layers -> IO ()
- type Elasticity = CpFloat
- getElasticity :: Shape -> IO Elasticity
- setElasticity :: Shape -> Elasticity -> IO ()
- type Friction = CpFloat
- getFriction :: Shape -> IO Friction
- setFriction :: Shape -> Friction -> IO ()
- type SurfaceVel = Vector
- getSurfaceVel :: Shape -> IO SurfaceVel
- setSurfaceVel :: Shape -> SurfaceVel -> IO ()
- getBody :: Shape -> Body
- momentForCircle :: CpFloat -> (CpFloat, CpFloat) -> Position -> CpFloat
- momentForPoly :: CpFloat -> [Position] -> Position -> CpFloat
- shapeQuery :: Shape -> Position -> IO Bool
- type Segment = (Position, Position)
- data Intersection
- = IntNowhere
- | IntPoint !Position
- | IntSegmt !Segment
- epsilon :: CpFloat
- (.==.) :: CpFloat -> CpFloat -> Bool
- isLeft :: (Position, Position) -> Position -> Ordering
- isClockwise :: [Position] -> Bool
- isConvex :: [Position] -> Bool
- intersects :: Segment -> Segment -> Intersection
- polyReduce :: CpFloat -> [Position] -> [Position]
- polyCenter :: [Position] -> Position
- convexHull :: [Position] -> [Position]
Shapes
There are three types of shapes that can be attached to bodies:
Circle | A circle is the fastest collision type. It also rolls smoothly. |
LineSegment | A line segment is meant to be used as a static shape. (It can be used with moving bodies, however two line segments never generate collisions between each other.) |
Polygon | Polygons are the slowest of all shapes but the most flexible. The list of vertices must form a convex hull with clockwise winding. Note that if you want a non-convex polygon you may add several convex polygons to the body. |
newShape :: Body -> ShapeType -> Position -> IO ShapeSource
newShape b type off
creates a new shape attached to
body b
at offset off
. Note that you have to
add the shape to a space otherwise it won't generate
collisions.
Properties
Collision type
type CollisionType = Word32Source
The collision type is used to determine which collision
Physics.Hipmunk.Space.Callback
will be called. Its
actual value doesn't have a meaning for Chipmunk other
than the correspondence between shapes and the collision
pair functions you add. (default is zero)
setCollisionType :: Shape -> CollisionType -> IO ()Source
Group
Groups are used to filter collisions between shapes. If the group is zero, then it imposes no restriction to the collisions. However, if the group is non-zero then the shape will not collide with other shapes in the same non-zero group. (default is zero)
This is primarely used to create multi-body, multi-shape objects such as ragdolls. It may be thought as a lightweight alternative to creating a callback that filters the collisions.
Layers
Layers are similar to groups, but use a bitmask. For a collision
to occur, two shapes must have at least one layer in common.
In other words, layer1 .&. layer2
should be non-zero.
(default is 0xFFFF
)
Note that although this type may have more than 32 bits, for portability you should only rely on the lower 32 bits.
Elasticity
type Elasticity = CpFloatSource
The elasticity of the shape is such that 0.0
gives no bounce
while 1.0
give a "perfect" bounce. Note that due to
inaccuracies using 1.0
or greater is not recommended.
The amount of elasticity applied during a collision is calculated by multiplying the elasticity of both shapes. (default is zero)
IMPORTANT: by default no elastic iterations are done
when the space Physics.Hipmunk.Space.step
s. This means
that all shapes react as they had zero elasticity.
So, if you want some elasticity, remember to call
Physics.Hipmunk.Space.setElasticIterations
to something
greater than zero, maybe 10
.
getElasticity :: Shape -> IO ElasticitySource
setElasticity :: Shape -> Elasticity -> IO ()Source
Friction
The friction coefficient of the shape according
to Coulumb friction model (i.e. 0.0
is frictionless,
iron on iron is around 1.0
, and it could be greater
then 1.0
).
The amount of friction applied during a collision is determined by multiplying the friction coefficient of both shapes. (default is zero)
getFriction :: Shape -> IO FrictionSource
Surface velocity
type SurfaceVel = VectorSource
The surface velocity of the shape. Useful to create conveyor belts and players that move around. This value is only used when calculating friction, not collision. (default is zero)
getSurfaceVel :: Shape -> IO SurfaceVelSource
setSurfaceVel :: Shape -> SurfaceVel -> IO ()Source
Utilities
getBody :: Shape -> BodySource
getBody s
is the body that this shape is associated
to. Useful especially in Physics.Hipmunk.Space.Callback
.
momentForCircle :: CpFloat -> (CpFloat, CpFloat) -> Position -> CpFloatSource
momentForCircle m (ri,ro) off
is the moment of inertia
of a circle of m
mass, inner radius of ri
, outer radius
of ro
and at an offset off
from the center of the body.
momentForPoly :: CpFloat -> [Position] -> Position -> CpFloatSource
momentForPoly m verts off
is the moment of inertia of a
polygon of m
mass, at offset off
from the center of
the body and comprised of verts
vertices. This is similar
to shapePoly
(and the same restrictions for the vertices
apply as well).
shapeQuery :: Shape -> Position -> IO BoolSource
shapeQuery shape p
returns True
iff the point in
position p
(in world's coordinates) lies within
the shape shape
.
For polygons
This section is inspired by pymunk.util
,
a Python module made from http://code.google.com/p/pymunk/,
although implementations are quite different.
Also, unless noted otherwise all polygons are assumed to be simple (i.e. no overlapping edges).
data Intersection Source
A possible intersection between two segments.
IntNowhere | Don't intercept. |
IntPoint !Position | Intercept in a point. |
IntSegmt !Segment | Share a segment. |
The epsilon used in the algorithms below when necessary to compare floats for "equality".
(.==.) :: CpFloat -> CpFloat -> BoolSource
"Equality" under epsilon
. That is, a .==. b
if abs (a - b) <= epsilon
.
isLeft :: (Position, Position) -> Position -> OrderingSource
isLeft (p1,p2) vert
is
-
LT
ifvert
is at the left of the line defined by(p1,p2)
. -
EQ
ifvert
is at the line(p1,p2)
. -
GT
otherwise.
isClockwise :: [Position] -> BoolSource
O(n). isClockwise verts
is True
iff verts
form
a clockwise polygon.
intersects :: Segment -> Segment -> IntersectionSource
O(1). intersects seg1 seg2
is the intersection between
the two segments seg1
and seg2
. See Intersection
.
polyReduce :: CpFloat -> [Position] -> [Position]Source
O(n). polyReduce delta verts
removes from verts
all
points that have less than delta
distance
in relation to the one preceding it.
Note that a very small polygon may be completely "eaten"
if all its vertices are within a delta
radius from the
first.
polyCenter :: [Position] -> PositionSource
O(n). polyCenter verts
is the position in the center
of the polygon formed by verts
.
convexHull :: [Position] -> [Position]Source
O(n log n). convexHull verts
is the convex hull of the
polygon defined by verts
. The vertices of the convex
hulls are given in clockwise winding. The polygon
doesn't have to be simple.
Implemented using Graham scan, see http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~beezer/cs507/3coins.html.