{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
module ShellCheck.Analytics (runAnalytics, optionalChecks, ShellCheck.Analytics.runTests) where
import ShellCheck.AST
import ShellCheck.ASTLib
import ShellCheck.AnalyzerLib hiding (producesComments)
import ShellCheck.Data
import ShellCheck.Parser
import ShellCheck.Interface
import ShellCheck.Regex
import Control.Arrow (first)
import Control.Monad
import Control.Monad.Identity
import Control.Monad.State
import Control.Monad.Writer
import Control.Monad.Reader
import Data.Char
import Data.Functor
import Data.Function (on)
import Data.List
import Data.Maybe
import Data.Ord
import Debug.Trace
import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
import Test.QuickCheck.All (forAllProperties)
import Test.QuickCheck.Test (quickCheckWithResult, stdArgs, maxSuccess)
treeChecks :: [Parameters -> Token -> [TokenComment]]
treeChecks = [
nodeChecksToTreeCheck nodeChecks
,subshellAssignmentCheck
,checkSpacefulness
,checkQuotesInLiterals
,checkShebangParameters
,checkFunctionsUsedExternally
,checkUnusedAssignments
,checkUnpassedInFunctions
,checkArrayWithoutIndex
,checkShebang
,checkUnassignedReferences
,checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd
,checkArrayAssignmentIndices
,checkUseBeforeDefinition
]
runAnalytics :: AnalysisSpec -> [TokenComment]
runAnalytics options =
runList options treeChecks ++ runList options optionalChecks
where
root = asScript options
optionals = getEnableDirectives root ++ asOptionalChecks options
optionalChecks =
if "all" `elem` optionals
then map snd optionalTreeChecks
else mapMaybe (\c -> Map.lookup c optionalCheckMap) optionals
runList :: AnalysisSpec -> [Parameters -> Token -> [TokenComment]]
-> [TokenComment]
runList spec list = notes
where
root = asScript spec
params = makeParameters spec
notes = concatMap (\f -> f params root) list
getEnableDirectives root =
case root of
T_Annotation _ list _ -> mapMaybe getEnable list
_ -> []
where
getEnable t =
case t of
EnableComment s -> return s
_ -> Nothing
checkList l t = concatMap (\f -> f t) l
runNodeAnalysis f p t = execWriter (doAnalysis (f p) t)
nodeChecksToTreeCheck checkList =
runNodeAnalysis
(\p t -> (mapM_ ((\ f -> f t) . (\ f -> f p))
checkList))
nodeChecks :: [Parameters -> Token -> Writer [TokenComment] ()]
nodeChecks = [
checkUuoc
,checkPipePitfalls
,checkForInQuoted
,checkForInLs
,checkShorthandIf
,checkDollarStar
,checkUnquotedDollarAt
,checkStderrRedirect
,checkUnquotedN
,checkNumberComparisons
,checkSingleBracketOperators
,checkDoubleBracketOperators
,checkLiteralBreakingTest
,checkConstantNullary
,checkDivBeforeMult
,checkArithmeticDeref
,checkArithmeticBadOctal
,checkComparisonAgainstGlob
,checkCommarrays
,checkOrNeq
,checkEchoWc
,checkConstantIfs
,checkPipedAssignment
,checkAssignAteCommand
,checkUuoeVar
,checkQuotedCondRegex
,checkForInCat
,checkFindExec
,checkValidCondOps
,checkGlobbedRegex
,checkTestRedirects
,checkIndirectExpansion
,checkPS1Assignments
,checkBackticks
,checkInexplicablyUnquoted
,checkTildeInQuotes
,checkLonelyDotDash
,checkSpuriousExec
,checkSpuriousExpansion
,checkDollarBrackets
,checkSshHereDoc
,checkGlobsAsOptions
,checkWhileReadPitfalls
,checkArithmeticOpCommand
,checkCharRangeGlob
,checkUnquotedExpansions
,checkSingleQuotedVariables
,checkRedirectToSame
,checkPrefixAssignmentReference
,checkLoopKeywordScope
,checkCdAndBack
,checkWrongArithmeticAssignment
,checkConditionalAndOrs
,checkFunctionDeclarations
,checkStderrPipe
,checkOverridingPath
,checkArrayAsString
,checkUnsupported
,checkMultipleAppends
,checkSuspiciousIFS
,checkShouldUseGrepQ
,checkTestArgumentSplitting
,checkConcatenatedDollarAt
,checkTildeInPath
,checkMaskedReturns
,checkReadWithoutR
,checkLoopVariableReassignment
,checkTrailingBracket
,checkReturnAgainstZero
,checkRedirectedNowhere
,checkUnmatchableCases
,checkSubshellAsTest
,checkSplittingInArrays
,checkRedirectionToNumber
,checkGlobAsCommand
,checkFlagAsCommand
,checkEmptyCondition
,checkPipeToNowhere
,checkForLoopGlobVariables
,checkSubshelledTests
,checkInvertedStringTest
,checkRedirectionToCommand
,checkDollarQuoteParen
,checkUselessBang
]
optionalChecks = map fst optionalTreeChecks
prop_verifyOptionalExamples = all check optionalTreeChecks
where
check (desc, check) =
verifyTree check (cdPositive desc)
&& verifyNotTree check (cdNegative desc)
optionalTreeChecks :: [(CheckDescription, (Parameters -> Token -> [TokenComment]))]
optionalTreeChecks = [
(newCheckDescription {
cdName = "quote-safe-variables",
cdDescription = "Suggest quoting variables without metacharacters",
cdPositive = "var=hello; echo $var",
cdNegative = "var=hello; echo \"$var\""
}, checkVerboseSpacefulness)
,(newCheckDescription {
cdName = "avoid-nullary-conditions",
cdDescription = "Suggest explicitly using -n in `[ $var ]`",
cdPositive = "[ \"$var\" ]",
cdNegative = "[ -n \"$var\" ]"
}, nodeChecksToTreeCheck [checkNullaryExpansionTest])
,(newCheckDescription {
cdName = "add-default-case",
cdDescription = "Suggest adding a default case in `case` statements",
cdPositive = "case $? in 0) echo 'Success';; esac",
cdNegative = "case $? in 0) echo 'Success';; *) echo 'Fail' ;; esac"
}, nodeChecksToTreeCheck [checkDefaultCase])
,(newCheckDescription {
cdName = "require-variable-braces",
cdDescription = "Suggest putting braces around all variable references",
cdPositive = "var=hello; echo $var",
cdNegative = "var=hello; echo ${var}"
}, nodeChecksToTreeCheck [checkVariableBraces])
,(newCheckDescription {
cdName = "check-unassigned-uppercase",
cdDescription = "Warn when uppercase variables are unassigned",
cdPositive = "echo $VAR",
cdNegative = "VAR=hello; echo $VAR"
}, checkUnassignedReferences' True)
]
optionalCheckMap :: Map.Map String (Parameters -> Token -> [TokenComment])
optionalCheckMap = Map.fromList $ map item optionalTreeChecks
where
item (desc, check) = (cdName desc, check)
wouldHaveBeenGlob s = '*' `elem` s
verify :: (Parameters -> Token -> Writer [TokenComment] ()) -> String -> Bool
verify f s = checkNode f s == Just True
verifyNot :: (Parameters -> Token -> Writer [TokenComment] ()) -> String -> Bool
verifyNot f s = checkNode f s == Just False
verifyTree :: (Parameters -> Token -> [TokenComment]) -> String -> Bool
verifyTree f s = producesComments f s == Just True
verifyNotTree :: (Parameters -> Token -> [TokenComment]) -> String -> Bool
verifyNotTree f s = producesComments f s == Just False
checkCommand str f t@(T_SimpleCommand id _ (cmd:rest)) =
when (t `isCommand` str) $ f cmd rest
checkCommand _ _ _ = return ()
checkUnqualifiedCommand str f t@(T_SimpleCommand id _ (cmd:rest)) =
when (t `isUnqualifiedCommand` str) $ f cmd rest
checkUnqualifiedCommand _ _ _ = return ()
checkNode f = producesComments (runNodeAnalysis f)
producesComments :: (Parameters -> Token -> [TokenComment]) -> String -> Maybe Bool
producesComments f s = do
let pr = pScript s
prRoot pr
let spec = defaultSpec pr
let params = makeParameters spec
return . not . null $
filterByAnnotation spec params $
runList spec [f]
dist :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Int
dist a b
= last (if lab == 0 then mainDiag
else if lab > 0 then lowers !! (lab - 1)
else uppers !! (-1 - lab))
where mainDiag = oneDiag a b (head uppers) (-1 : head lowers)
uppers = eachDiag a b (mainDiag : uppers)
lowers = eachDiag b a (mainDiag : lowers)
eachDiag a [] diags = []
eachDiag a (bch:bs) (lastDiag:diags) = oneDiag a bs nextDiag lastDiag : eachDiag a bs diags
where nextDiag = head (tail diags)
oneDiag a b diagAbove diagBelow = thisdiag
where doDiag [] b nw n w = []
doDiag a [] nw n w = []
doDiag (ach:as) (bch:bs) nw n w = me : doDiag as bs me (tail n) (tail w)
where me = if ach == bch then nw else 1 + min3 (head w) nw (head n)
firstelt = 1 + head diagBelow
thisdiag = firstelt : doDiag a b firstelt diagAbove (tail diagBelow)
lab = length a - length b
min3 x y z = if x < y then x else min y z
hasFloatingPoint params = shellType params == Ksh
isCondition [] = False
isCondition [_] = False
isCondition (child:parent:rest) =
case child of
T_BatsTest {} -> True
_ -> getId child `elem` map getId (getConditionChildren parent) || isCondition (parent:rest)
where
getConditionChildren t =
case t of
T_AndIf _ left right -> [left]
T_OrIf id left right -> [left]
T_IfExpression id conditions elses -> concatMap (take 1 . reverse . fst) conditions
T_WhileExpression id c l -> take 1 . reverse $ c
T_UntilExpression id c l -> take 1 . reverse $ c
_ -> []
replaceStart id params n r =
let tp = tokenPositions params
(start, _) = tp Map.! id
new_end = start {
posColumn = posColumn start + n
}
depth = length $ getPath (parentMap params) (T_EOF id)
in
newReplacement {
repStartPos = start,
repEndPos = new_end,
repString = r,
repPrecedence = depth,
repInsertionPoint = InsertAfter
}
replaceEnd id params n r =
let tp = tokenPositions params
(_, end) = tp Map.! id
new_start = end {
posColumn = posColumn end - n
}
new_end = end {
posColumn = posColumn end
}
depth = length $ getPath (parentMap params) (T_EOF id)
in
newReplacement {
repStartPos = new_start,
repEndPos = new_end,
repString = r,
repPrecedence = depth,
repInsertionPoint = InsertBefore
}
surroundWidth id params s = fixWith [replaceStart id params 0 s, replaceEnd id params 0 s]
fixWith fixes = newFix { fixReplacements = fixes }
prop_checkEchoWc3 = verify checkEchoWc "n=$(echo $foo | wc -c)"
checkEchoWc _ (T_Pipeline id _ [a, b]) =
when (acmd == ["echo", "${VAR}"]) $
case bcmd of
["wc", "-c"] -> countMsg
["wc", "-m"] -> countMsg
_ -> return ()
where
acmd = oversimplify a
bcmd = oversimplify b
countMsg = style id 2000 "See if you can use ${#variable} instead."
checkEchoWc _ _ = return ()
prop_checkPipedAssignment1 = verify checkPipedAssignment "A=ls | grep foo"
prop_checkPipedAssignment2 = verifyNot checkPipedAssignment "A=foo cmd | grep foo"
prop_checkPipedAssignment3 = verifyNot checkPipedAssignment "A=foo"
checkPipedAssignment _ (T_Pipeline _ _ (T_Redirecting _ _ (T_SimpleCommand id (_:_) []):_:_)) =
warn id 2036 "If you wanted to assign the output of the pipeline, use a=$(b | c) ."
checkPipedAssignment _ _ = return ()
prop_checkAssignAteCommand1 = verify checkAssignAteCommand "A=ls -l"
prop_checkAssignAteCommand2 = verify checkAssignAteCommand "A=ls --sort=$foo"
prop_checkAssignAteCommand3 = verify checkAssignAteCommand "A=cat foo | grep bar"
prop_checkAssignAteCommand4 = verifyNot checkAssignAteCommand "A=foo ls -l"
prop_checkAssignAteCommand5 = verify checkAssignAteCommand "PAGER=cat grep bar"
prop_checkAssignAteCommand6 = verifyNot checkAssignAteCommand "PAGER=\"cat\" grep bar"
prop_checkAssignAteCommand7 = verify checkAssignAteCommand "here=pwd"
checkAssignAteCommand _ (T_SimpleCommand id (T_Assignment _ _ _ _ assignmentTerm:[]) list) =
if firstWordIsArg list
then
err id 2037 "To assign the output of a command, use var=$(cmd) ."
else
when (isCommonCommand $ getUnquotedLiteral assignmentTerm) $
warn id 2209 "Use var=$(command) to assign output (or quote to assign string)."
where
isCommonCommand (Just s) = s `elem` commonCommands
isCommonCommand _ = False
firstWordIsArg list = fromMaybe False $ do
head <- list !!! 0
return $ isGlob head || isUnquotedFlag head
checkAssignAteCommand _ _ = return ()
prop_checkArithmeticOpCommand1 = verify checkArithmeticOpCommand "i=i + 1"
prop_checkArithmeticOpCommand2 = verify checkArithmeticOpCommand "foo=bar * 2"
prop_checkArithmeticOpCommand3 = verifyNot checkArithmeticOpCommand "foo + opts"
checkArithmeticOpCommand _ (T_SimpleCommand id [T_Assignment {}] (firstWord:_)) =
fromMaybe (return ()) $ check <$> getGlobOrLiteralString firstWord
where
check op =
when (op `elem` ["+", "-", "*", "/"]) $
warn (getId firstWord) 2099 $
"Use $((..)) for arithmetics, e.g. i=$((i " ++ op ++ " 2))"
checkArithmeticOpCommand _ _ = return ()
prop_checkWrongArit = verify checkWrongArithmeticAssignment "i=i+1"
prop_checkWrongArit2 = verify checkWrongArithmeticAssignment "n=2; i=n*2"
checkWrongArithmeticAssignment params (T_SimpleCommand id (T_Assignment _ _ _ _ val:[]) []) =
fromMaybe (return ()) $ do
str <- getNormalString val
match <- matchRegex regex str
var <- match !!! 0
op <- match !!! 1
Map.lookup var references
return . warn (getId val) 2100 $
"Use $((..)) for arithmetics, e.g. i=$((i " ++ op ++ " 2))"
where
regex = mkRegex "^([_a-zA-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9]*)([+*-]).+$"
references = foldl (flip ($)) Map.empty (map insertRef $ variableFlow params)
insertRef (Assignment (_, _, name, _)) =
Map.insert name ()
insertRef _ = Prelude.id
getNormalString (T_NormalWord _ words) = do
parts <- foldl (liftM2 (\x y -> x ++ [y])) (Just []) $ map getLiterals words
return $ concat parts
getNormalString _ = Nothing
getLiterals (T_Literal _ s) = return s
getLiterals (T_Glob _ s) = return s
getLiterals _ = Nothing
checkWrongArithmeticAssignment _ _ = return ()
prop_checkUuoc1 = verify checkUuoc "cat foo | grep bar"
prop_checkUuoc2 = verifyNot checkUuoc "cat * | grep bar"
prop_checkUuoc3 = verify checkUuoc "cat $var | grep bar"
prop_checkUuoc4 = verifyNot checkUuoc "cat $var"
prop_checkUuoc5 = verifyNot checkUuoc "cat \"$@\""
prop_checkUuoc6 = verifyNot checkUuoc "cat -n | grep bar"
checkUuoc _ (T_Pipeline _ _ (T_Redirecting _ _ cmd:_:_)) =
checkCommand "cat" (const f) cmd
where
f [word] = unless (mayBecomeMultipleArgs word || isOption word) $
style (getId word) 2002 "Useless cat. Consider 'cmd < file | ..' or 'cmd file | ..' instead."
f _ = return ()
isOption word = "-" `isPrefixOf` onlyLiteralString word
checkUuoc _ _ = return ()
prop_checkPipePitfalls3 = verify checkPipePitfalls "ls | grep -v mp3"
prop_checkPipePitfalls4 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "find . -print0 | xargs -0 foo"
prop_checkPipePitfalls5 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "ls -N | foo"
prop_checkPipePitfalls6 = verify checkPipePitfalls "find . | xargs foo"
prop_checkPipePitfalls7 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "find . -printf '%s\\n' | xargs foo"
prop_checkPipePitfalls8 = verify checkPipePitfalls "foo | grep bar | wc -l"
prop_checkPipePitfalls9 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "foo | grep -o bar | wc -l"
prop_checkPipePitfalls10 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "foo | grep -o bar | wc"
prop_checkPipePitfalls11 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "foo | grep bar | wc"
prop_checkPipePitfalls12 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "foo | grep -o bar | wc -c"
prop_checkPipePitfalls13 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "foo | grep bar | wc -c"
prop_checkPipePitfalls14 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "foo | grep -o bar | wc -cmwL"
prop_checkPipePitfalls15 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "foo | grep bar | wc -cmwL"
prop_checkPipePitfalls16 = verifyNot checkPipePitfalls "foo | grep -r bar | wc -l"
checkPipePitfalls _ (T_Pipeline id _ commands) = do
for ["find", "xargs"] $
\(find:xargs:_) ->
let args = oversimplify xargs ++ oversimplify find
in
unless (any ($ args) [
hasShortParameter '0',
hasParameter "null",
hasParameter "print0",
hasParameter "printf"
]) $ warn (getId find) 2038
"Use -print0/-0 or -exec + to allow for non-alphanumeric filenames."
for' ["ps", "grep"] $
\x -> info x 2009 "Consider using pgrep instead of grepping ps output."
for ["grep", "wc"] $
\(grep:wc:_) ->
let flagsGrep = fromMaybe [] $ map snd . getAllFlags <$> getCommand grep
flagsWc = fromMaybe [] $ map snd . getAllFlags <$> getCommand wc
in
unless (any (`elem` ["o", "only-matching", "r", "R", "recursive"]) flagsGrep || any (`elem` ["m", "chars", "w", "words", "c", "bytes", "L", "max-line-length"]) flagsWc || null flagsWc) $
style (getId grep) 2126 "Consider using grep -c instead of grep|wc -l."
didLs <- fmap or . sequence $ [
for' ["ls", "grep"] $
\x -> warn x 2010 "Don't use ls | grep. Use a glob or a for loop with a condition to allow non-alphanumeric filenames.",
for' ["ls", "xargs"] $
\x -> warn x 2011 "Use 'find .. -print0 | xargs -0 ..' or 'find .. -exec .. +' to allow non-alphanumeric filenames."
]
unless didLs $ do
for ["ls", "?"] $
\(ls:_) -> unless (hasShortParameter 'N' (oversimplify ls)) $
info (getId ls) 2012 "Use find instead of ls to better handle non-alphanumeric filenames."
return ()
where
for l f =
let indices = indexOfSublists l (map (headOrDefault "" . oversimplify) commands)
in do
mapM_ (f . (\ n -> take (length l) $ drop n commands)) indices
return . not . null $ indices
for' l f = for l (first f)
first func (x:_) = func (getId $ getCommandTokenOrThis x)
first _ _ = return ()
hasShortParameter char = any (\x -> "-" `isPrefixOf` x && char `elem` x)
hasParameter string =
any (isPrefixOf string . dropWhile (== '-'))
checkPipePitfalls _ _ = return ()
indexOfSublists sub = f 0
where
f _ [] = []
f n a@(r:rest) =
let others = f (n+1) rest in
if match sub a
then n:others
else others
match ("?":r1) (_:r2) = match r1 r2
match (x1:r1) (x2:r2) | x1 == x2 = match r1 r2
match [] _ = True
match _ _ = False
prop_checkShebangParameters1 = verifyTree checkShebangParameters "#!/usr/bin/env bash -x\necho cow"
prop_checkShebangParameters2 = verifyNotTree checkShebangParameters "#! /bin/sh -l "
checkShebangParameters p (T_Annotation _ _ t) = checkShebangParameters p t
checkShebangParameters _ (T_Script _ (T_Literal id sb) _) =
[makeComment ErrorC id 2096 "On most OS, shebangs can only specify a single parameter." | length (words sb) > 2]
prop_checkShebang1 = verifyNotTree checkShebang "#!/usr/bin/env bash -x\necho cow"
prop_checkShebang2 = verifyNotTree checkShebang "#! /bin/sh -l "
prop_checkShebang3 = verifyTree checkShebang "ls -l"
prop_checkShebang4 = verifyNotTree checkShebang "#shellcheck shell=sh\nfoo"
prop_checkShebang5 = verifyTree checkShebang "#!/usr/bin/env ash"
prop_checkShebang6 = verifyNotTree checkShebang "#!/usr/bin/env ash\n# shellcheck shell=dash\n"
prop_checkShebang7 = verifyNotTree checkShebang "#!/usr/bin/env ash\n# shellcheck shell=sh\n"
prop_checkShebang8 = verifyTree checkShebang "#!bin/sh\ntrue"
prop_checkShebang9 = verifyNotTree checkShebang "# shellcheck shell=sh\ntrue"
prop_checkShebang10= verifyNotTree checkShebang "#!foo\n# shellcheck shell=sh ignore=SC2239\ntrue"
prop_checkShebang11= verifyTree checkShebang "#!/bin/sh/\ntrue"
prop_checkShebang12= verifyTree checkShebang "#!/bin/sh/ -xe\ntrue"
checkShebang params (T_Annotation _ list t) =
if any isOverride list then [] else checkShebang params t
where
isOverride (ShellOverride _) = True
isOverride _ = False
checkShebang params (T_Script _ (T_Literal id sb) _) = execWriter $ do
unless (shellTypeSpecified params) $ do
when (sb == "") $
err id 2148 "Tips depend on target shell and yours is unknown. Add a shebang."
when (executableFromShebang sb == "ash") $
warn id 2187 "Ash scripts will be checked as Dash. Add '# shellcheck shell=dash' to silence."
unless (null sb) $ do
unless ("/" `isPrefixOf` sb) $
err id 2239 "Ensure the shebang uses an absolute path to the interpreter."
case words sb of
first:_ ->
when ("/" `isSuffixOf` first) $
err id 2246 "This shebang specifies a directory. Ensure the interpreter is a file."
prop_checkForInQuoted = verify checkForInQuoted "for f in \"$(ls)\"; do echo foo; done"
prop_checkForInQuoted2 = verifyNot checkForInQuoted "for f in \"$@\"; do echo foo; done"
prop_checkForInQuoted2a = verifyNot checkForInQuoted "for f in *.mp3; do echo foo; done"
prop_checkForInQuoted2b = verify checkForInQuoted "for f in \"*.mp3\"; do echo foo; done"
prop_checkForInQuoted3 = verify checkForInQuoted "for f in 'find /'; do true; done"
prop_checkForInQuoted4 = verify checkForInQuoted "for f in 1,2,3; do true; done"
prop_checkForInQuoted4a = verifyNot checkForInQuoted "for f in foo{1,2,3}; do true; done"
prop_checkForInQuoted5 = verify checkForInQuoted "for f in ls; do true; done"
prop_checkForInQuoted6 = verifyNot checkForInQuoted "for f in \"${!arr}\"; do true; done"
checkForInQuoted _ (T_ForIn _ f [T_NormalWord _ [word@(T_DoubleQuoted id list)]] _) =
when (any (\x -> willSplit x && not (mayBecomeMultipleArgs x)) list
|| (fmap wouldHaveBeenGlob (getLiteralString word) == Just True)) $
err id 2066 "Since you double quoted this, it will not word split, and the loop will only run once."
checkForInQuoted _ (T_ForIn _ f [T_NormalWord _ [T_SingleQuoted id _]] _) =
warn id 2041 "This is a literal string. To run as a command, use $(..) instead of '..' . "
checkForInQuoted _ (T_ForIn _ f [T_NormalWord _ [T_Literal id s]] _) =
if ',' `elem` s
then unless ('{' `elem` s) $
warn id 2042 "Use spaces, not commas, to separate loop elements."
else warn id 2043 "This loop will only ever run once for a constant value. Did you perhaps mean to loop over dir/*, $var or $(cmd)?"
checkForInQuoted _ _ = return ()
prop_checkForInCat1 = verify checkForInCat "for f in $(cat foo); do stuff; done"
prop_checkForInCat1a= verify checkForInCat "for f in `cat foo`; do stuff; done"
prop_checkForInCat2 = verify checkForInCat "for f in $(cat foo | grep lol); do stuff; done"
prop_checkForInCat2a= verify checkForInCat "for f in `cat foo | grep lol`; do stuff; done"
prop_checkForInCat3 = verifyNot checkForInCat "for f in $(cat foo | grep bar | wc -l); do stuff; done"
checkForInCat _ (T_ForIn _ f [T_NormalWord _ w] _) = mapM_ checkF w
where
checkF (T_DollarExpansion id [T_Pipeline _ _ r])
| all isLineBased r =
info id 2013 "To read lines rather than words, pipe/redirect to a 'while read' loop."
checkF (T_Backticked id cmds) = checkF (T_DollarExpansion id cmds)
checkF _ = return ()
isLineBased cmd = any (cmd `isCommand`)
["grep", "fgrep", "egrep", "sed", "cat", "awk", "cut", "sort"]
checkForInCat _ _ = return ()
prop_checkForInLs = verify checkForInLs "for f in $(ls *.mp3); do mplayer \"$f\"; done"
prop_checkForInLs2 = verify checkForInLs "for f in `ls *.mp3`; do mplayer \"$f\"; done"
prop_checkForInLs3 = verify checkForInLs "for f in `find / -name '*.mp3'`; do mplayer \"$f\"; done"
checkForInLs _ = try
where
try (T_ForIn _ f [T_NormalWord _ [T_DollarExpansion id [x]]] _) =
check id f x
try (T_ForIn _ f [T_NormalWord _ [T_Backticked id [x]]] _) =
check id f x
try _ = return ()
check id f x =
case oversimplify x of
("ls":n) ->
let warntype = if any ("-" `isPrefixOf`) n then warn else err in
warntype id 2045 "Iterating over ls output is fragile. Use globs."
("find":_) -> warn id 2044 "For loops over find output are fragile. Use find -exec or a while read loop."
_ -> return ()
prop_checkFindExec1 = verify checkFindExec "find / -name '*.php' -exec rm {};"
prop_checkFindExec2 = verify checkFindExec "find / -exec touch {} && ls {} \\;"
prop_checkFindExec3 = verify checkFindExec "find / -execdir cat {} | grep lol +"
prop_checkFindExec4 = verifyNot checkFindExec "find / -name '*.php' -exec foo {} +"
prop_checkFindExec5 = verifyNot checkFindExec "find / -execdir bash -c 'a && b' \\;"
prop_checkFindExec6 = verify checkFindExec "find / -type d -execdir rm *.jpg \\;"
checkFindExec _ cmd@(T_SimpleCommand _ _ t@(h:r)) | cmd `isCommand` "find" = do
c <- broken r False
when c $
let wordId = getId $ last t in
err wordId 2067 "Missing ';' or + terminating -exec. You can't use |/||/&&, and ';' has to be a separate, quoted argument."
where
broken [] v = return v
broken (w:r) v = do
when v (mapM_ warnFor $ fromWord w)
case getLiteralString w of
Just "-exec" -> broken r True
Just "-execdir" -> broken r True
Just "+" -> broken r False
Just ";" -> broken r False
_ -> broken r v
shouldWarn x =
case x of
T_DollarExpansion _ _ -> True
T_Backticked _ _ -> True
T_Glob _ _ -> True
T_Extglob {} -> True
_ -> False
warnFor x =
when(shouldWarn x) $
info (getId x) 2014 "This will expand once before find runs, not per file found."
fromWord (T_NormalWord _ l) = l
fromWord _ = []
checkFindExec _ _ = return ()
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions1 = verify checkUnquotedExpansions "rm $(ls)"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions1a= verify checkUnquotedExpansions "rm `ls`"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions2 = verify checkUnquotedExpansions "rm foo$(date)"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions3 = verify checkUnquotedExpansions "[ $(foo) == cow ]"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions3a= verify checkUnquotedExpansions "[ ! $(foo) ]"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions4 = verifyNot checkUnquotedExpansions "[[ $(foo) == cow ]]"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions5 = verifyNot checkUnquotedExpansions "for f in $(cmd); do echo $f; done"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions6 = verifyNot checkUnquotedExpansions "$(cmd)"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions7 = verifyNot checkUnquotedExpansions "cat << foo\n$(ls)\nfoo"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions8 = verifyNot checkUnquotedExpansions "set -- $(seq 1 4)"
prop_checkUnquotedExpansions9 = verifyNot checkUnquotedExpansions "echo foo `# inline comment`"
checkUnquotedExpansions params =
check
where
check t@(T_DollarExpansion _ c) = examine t c
check t@(T_Backticked _ c) = examine t c
check t@(T_DollarBraceCommandExpansion _ c) = examine t c
check _ = return ()
tree = parentMap params
examine t contents =
unless (null contents || shouldBeSplit t || isQuoteFree tree t || usedAsCommandName tree t) $
warn (getId t) 2046 "Quote this to prevent word splitting."
shouldBeSplit t =
getCommandNameFromExpansion t == Just "seq"
prop_checkRedirectToSame = verify checkRedirectToSame "cat foo > foo"
prop_checkRedirectToSame2 = verify checkRedirectToSame "cat lol | sed -e 's/a/b/g' > lol"
prop_checkRedirectToSame3 = verifyNot checkRedirectToSame "cat lol | sed -e 's/a/b/g' > foo.bar && mv foo.bar lol"
prop_checkRedirectToSame4 = verifyNot checkRedirectToSame "foo /dev/null > /dev/null"
prop_checkRedirectToSame5 = verifyNot checkRedirectToSame "foo > bar 2> bar"
prop_checkRedirectToSame6 = verifyNot checkRedirectToSame "echo foo > foo"
prop_checkRedirectToSame7 = verifyNot checkRedirectToSame "sed 's/foo/bar/g' file | sponge file"
prop_checkRedirectToSame8 = verifyNot checkRedirectToSame "while read -r line; do _=\"$fname\"; done <\"$fname\""
checkRedirectToSame params s@(T_Pipeline _ _ list) =
mapM_ (\l -> (mapM_ (\x -> doAnalysis (checkOccurrences x) l) (getAllRedirs list))) list
where
note x = makeComment InfoC x 2094
"Make sure not to read and write the same file in the same pipeline."
checkOccurrences t@(T_NormalWord exceptId x) u@(T_NormalWord newId y) =
when (exceptId /= newId
&& x == y
&& not (isOutput t && isOutput u)
&& not (special t)
&& not (any isHarmlessCommand [t,u])
&& not (any containsAssignment [u])) $ do
addComment $ note newId
addComment $ note exceptId
checkOccurrences _ _ = return ()
getAllRedirs = concatMap (\t ->
case t of
T_Redirecting _ ls _ -> concatMap getRedirs ls
_ -> [])
getRedirs (T_FdRedirect _ _ (T_IoFile _ op file)) =
case op of T_Greater _ -> [file]
T_Less _ -> [file]
T_DGREAT _ -> [file]
_ -> []
getRedirs _ = []
special x = "/dev/" `isPrefixOf` concat (oversimplify x)
isOutput t =
case drop 1 $ getPath (parentMap params) t of
T_IoFile _ op _:_ ->
case op of
T_Greater _ -> True
T_DGREAT _ -> True
_ -> False
_ -> False
isHarmlessCommand arg = fromMaybe False $ do
cmd <- getClosestCommand (parentMap params) arg
name <- getCommandBasename cmd
return $ name `elem` ["echo", "printf", "sponge"]
containsAssignment arg = fromMaybe False $ do
cmd <- getClosestCommand (parentMap params) arg
return $ isAssignment cmd
checkRedirectToSame _ _ = return ()
prop_checkShorthandIf = verify checkShorthandIf "[[ ! -z file ]] && scp file host || rm file"
prop_checkShorthandIf2 = verifyNot checkShorthandIf "[[ ! -z file ]] && { scp file host || echo 'Eek'; }"
prop_checkShorthandIf3 = verifyNot checkShorthandIf "foo && bar || echo baz"
prop_checkShorthandIf4 = verifyNot checkShorthandIf "foo && a=b || a=c"
prop_checkShorthandIf5 = verifyNot checkShorthandIf "foo && rm || printf b"
prop_checkShorthandIf6 = verifyNot checkShorthandIf "if foo && bar || baz; then true; fi"
prop_checkShorthandIf7 = verifyNot checkShorthandIf "while foo && bar || baz; do true; done"
prop_checkShorthandIf8 = verify checkShorthandIf "if true; then foo && bar || baz; fi"
checkShorthandIf params x@(T_AndIf id _ (T_OrIf _ _ (T_Pipeline _ _ t)))
| not (isOk t || inCondition) =
info id 2015 "Note that A && B || C is not if-then-else. C may run when A is true."
where
isOk [t] = isAssignment t || fromMaybe False (do
name <- getCommandBasename t
return $ name `elem` ["echo", "exit", "return", "printf"])
isOk _ = False
inCondition = isCondition $ getPath (parentMap params) x
checkShorthandIf _ _ = return ()
prop_checkDollarStar = verify checkDollarStar "for f in $*; do ..; done"
prop_checkDollarStar2 = verifyNot checkDollarStar "a=$*"
prop_checkDollarStar3 = verifyNot checkDollarStar "[[ $* = 'a b' ]]"
checkDollarStar p t@(T_NormalWord _ [b@(T_DollarBraced id _ _)])
| bracedString b == "*" =
unless (isStrictlyQuoteFree (parentMap p) t) $
warn id 2048 "Use \"$@\" (with quotes) to prevent whitespace problems."
checkDollarStar _ _ = return ()
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt = verify checkUnquotedDollarAt "ls $@"
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt1= verifyNot checkUnquotedDollarAt "ls ${#@}"
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt2 = verify checkUnquotedDollarAt "ls ${foo[@]}"
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt3 = verifyNot checkUnquotedDollarAt "ls ${#foo[@]}"
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt4 = verifyNot checkUnquotedDollarAt "ls \"$@\""
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt5 = verifyNot checkUnquotedDollarAt "ls ${foo/@/ at }"
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt6 = verifyNot checkUnquotedDollarAt "a=$@"
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt7 = verify checkUnquotedDollarAt "for f in ${var[@]}; do true; done"
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt8 = verifyNot checkUnquotedDollarAt "echo \"${args[@]:+${args[@]}}\""
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt9 = verifyNot checkUnquotedDollarAt "echo ${args[@]:+\"${args[@]}\"}"
prop_checkUnquotedDollarAt10 = verifyNot checkUnquotedDollarAt "echo ${@+\"$@\"}"
checkUnquotedDollarAt p word@(T_NormalWord _ parts) | not $ isStrictlyQuoteFree (parentMap p) word =
forM_ (take 1 $ filter isArrayExpansion parts) $ \x ->
unless (isQuotedAlternativeReference x) $
err (getId x) 2068
"Double quote array expansions to avoid re-splitting elements."
checkUnquotedDollarAt _ _ = return ()
prop_checkConcatenatedDollarAt1 = verify checkConcatenatedDollarAt "echo \"foo$@\""
prop_checkConcatenatedDollarAt2 = verify checkConcatenatedDollarAt "echo ${arr[@]}lol"
prop_checkConcatenatedDollarAt3 = verify checkConcatenatedDollarAt "echo $a$@"
prop_checkConcatenatedDollarAt4 = verifyNot checkConcatenatedDollarAt "echo $@"
prop_checkConcatenatedDollarAt5 = verifyNot checkConcatenatedDollarAt "echo \"${arr[@]}\""
checkConcatenatedDollarAt p word@T_NormalWord {}
| not $ isQuoteFree (parentMap p) word =
unless (null $ drop 1 parts) $
mapM_ for array
where
parts = getWordParts word
array = take 1 $ filter isArrayExpansion parts
for t = err (getId t) 2145 "Argument mixes string and array. Use * or separate argument."
checkConcatenatedDollarAt _ _ = return ()
prop_checkArrayAsString1 = verify checkArrayAsString "a=$@"
prop_checkArrayAsString2 = verify checkArrayAsString "a=\"${arr[@]}\""
prop_checkArrayAsString3 = verify checkArrayAsString "a=*.png"
prop_checkArrayAsString4 = verify checkArrayAsString "a={1..10}"
prop_checkArrayAsString5 = verifyNot checkArrayAsString "a='*.gif'"
prop_checkArrayAsString6 = verifyNot checkArrayAsString "a=$*"
prop_checkArrayAsString7 = verifyNot checkArrayAsString "a=( $@ )"
checkArrayAsString _ (T_Assignment id _ _ _ word) =
if willConcatInAssignment word
then
warn (getId word) 2124
"Assigning an array to a string! Assign as array, or use * instead of @ to concatenate."
else
when (willBecomeMultipleArgs word) $
warn (getId word) 2125
"Brace expansions and globs are literal in assignments. Quote it or use an array."
checkArrayAsString _ _ = return ()
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex1 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "foo=(a b); echo $foo"
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex2 = verifyNotTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "foo='bar baz'; foo=($foo); echo ${foo[0]}"
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex3 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "coproc foo while true; do echo cow; done; echo $foo"
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex4 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "coproc tail -f log; echo $COPROC"
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex5 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "a[0]=foo; echo $a"
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex6 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "echo $PIPESTATUS"
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex7 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "a=(a b); a+=c"
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex8 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "declare -a foo; foo=bar;"
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex9 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "read -r -a arr <<< 'foo bar'; echo \"$arr\""
prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex10= verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "read -ra arr <<< 'foo bar'; echo \"$arr\""
checkArrayWithoutIndex params _ =
doVariableFlowAnalysis readF writeF defaultMap (variableFlow params)
where
defaultMap = Map.fromList $ map (\x -> (x,())) arrayVariables
readF _ (T_DollarBraced id _ token) _ = do
map <- get
return . maybeToList $ do
name <- getLiteralString token
assigned <- Map.lookup name map
return $ makeComment WarningC id 2128
"Expanding an array without an index only gives the first element."
readF _ _ _ = return []
writeF _ (T_Assignment id mode name [] _) _ (DataString _) = do
isArray <- gets (isJust . Map.lookup name)
return $ if not isArray then [] else
case mode of
Assign -> [makeComment WarningC id 2178 "Variable was used as an array but is now assigned a string."]
Append -> [makeComment WarningC id 2179 "Use array+=(\"item\") to append items to an array."]
writeF _ t name (DataArray _) = do
modify (Map.insert name ())
return []
writeF _ expr name _ = do
if isIndexed expr
then modify (Map.insert name ())
else modify (Map.delete name)
return []
isIndexed expr =
case expr of
T_Assignment _ _ _ (_:_) _ -> True
_ -> False
prop_checkStderrRedirect = verify checkStderrRedirect "test 2>&1 > cow"
prop_checkStderrRedirect2 = verifyNot checkStderrRedirect "test > cow 2>&1"
prop_checkStderrRedirect3 = verifyNot checkStderrRedirect "test 2>&1 > file | grep stderr"
prop_checkStderrRedirect4 = verifyNot checkStderrRedirect "errors=$(test 2>&1 > file)"
prop_checkStderrRedirect5 = verifyNot checkStderrRedirect "read < <(test 2>&1 > file)"
prop_checkStderrRedirect6 = verify checkStderrRedirect "foo | bar 2>&1 > /dev/null"
prop_checkStderrRedirect7 = verifyNot checkStderrRedirect "{ cmd > file; } 2>&1"
checkStderrRedirect params redir@(T_Redirecting _ [
T_FdRedirect id "2" (T_IoDuplicate _ (T_GREATAND _) "1"),
T_FdRedirect _ _ (T_IoFile _ op _)
] _) = case op of
T_Greater _ -> error
T_DGREAT _ -> error
_ -> return ()
where
usesOutput t =
case t of
(T_Pipeline _ _ list) -> length list > 1 && not (isParentOf (parentMap params) (last list) redir)
T_ProcSub {} -> True
T_DollarExpansion {} -> True
T_Backticked {} -> True
_ -> False
isCaptured = any usesOutput $ getPath (parentMap params) redir
error = unless isCaptured $
warn id 2069 "To redirect stdout+stderr, 2>&1 must be last (or use '{ cmd > file; } 2>&1' to clarify)."
checkStderrRedirect _ _ = return ()
lt x = trace ("Tracing " ++ show x) x
ltt t = trace ("Tracing " ++ show t)
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables = verify checkSingleQuotedVariables "echo '$foo'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables2 = verify checkSingleQuotedVariables "echo 'lol$1.jpg'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables3 = verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "sed 's/foo$/bar/'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables3a= verify checkSingleQuotedVariables "sed 's/${foo}/bar/'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables3b= verify checkSingleQuotedVariables "sed 's/$(echo cow)/bar/'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables3c= verify checkSingleQuotedVariables "sed 's/$((1+foo))/bar/'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables4 = verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "awk '{print $1}'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables5 = verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "trap 'echo $SECONDS' EXIT"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables6 = verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "sed -n '$p'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables6a= verify checkSingleQuotedVariables "sed -n '$pattern'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables7 = verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "PS1='$PWD \\$ '"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables8 = verify checkSingleQuotedVariables "find . -exec echo '$1' {} +"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables9 = verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "find . -exec awk '{print $1}' {} \\;"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables10= verify checkSingleQuotedVariables "echo '`pwd`'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables11= verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "sed '${/lol/d}'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables12= verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "eval 'echo $1'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables13= verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "busybox awk '{print $1}'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables14= verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "[ -v 'bar[$foo]' ]"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables15= verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "git filter-branch 'test $GIT_COMMIT'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables16= verify checkSingleQuotedVariables "git '$a'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables17= verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "rename 's/(.)a/$1/g' *"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables18= verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "echo '``'"
prop_checkSingleQuotedVariables19= verifyNot checkSingleQuotedVariables "echo '```'"
checkSingleQuotedVariables params t@(T_SingleQuoted id s) =
when (s `matches` re) $
if "sed" == commandName
then unless (s `matches` sedContra) showMessage
else unless isProbablyOk showMessage
where
parents = parentMap params
showMessage = info id 2016
"Expressions don't expand in single quotes, use double quotes for that."
commandName = fromMaybe "" $ do
cmd <- getClosestCommand parents t
name <- getCommandBasename cmd
return $ if name == "find" then getFindCommand cmd else if name == "git" then getGitCommand cmd else name
isProbablyOk =
any isOkAssignment (take 3 $ getPath parents t)
|| commandName `elem` [
"trap"
,"sh"
,"bash"
,"ksh"
,"zsh"
,"ssh"
,"eval"
,"xprop"
,"alias"
,"sudo"
,"docker"
,"dpkg-query"
,"jq"
,"rename"
,"unset"
,"git filter-branch"
]
|| "awk" `isSuffixOf` commandName
|| "perl" `isPrefixOf` commandName
commonlyQuoted = ["PS1", "PS2", "PS3", "PS4", "PROMPT_COMMAND"]
isOkAssignment t =
case t of
T_Assignment _ _ name _ _ -> name `elem` commonlyQuoted
TC_Unary _ _ "-v" _ -> True
_ -> False
re = mkRegex "\\$[{(0-9a-zA-Z_]|`[^`]+`"
sedContra = mkRegex "\\$[{dpsaic]($|[^a-zA-Z])"
getFindCommand (T_SimpleCommand _ _ words) =
let list = map getLiteralString words
cmd = dropWhile (\x -> x /= Just "-exec" && x /= Just "-execdir") list
in
case cmd of
(flag:cmd:rest) -> fromMaybe "find" cmd
_ -> "find"
getFindCommand (T_Redirecting _ _ cmd) = getFindCommand cmd
getFindCommand _ = "find"
getGitCommand (T_SimpleCommand _ _ words) =
case map getLiteralString words of
Just "git":Just "filter-branch":_ -> "git filter-branch"
_ -> "git"
getGitCommand (T_Redirecting _ _ cmd) = getGitCommand cmd
getGitCommand _ = "git"
checkSingleQuotedVariables _ _ = return ()
prop_checkUnquotedN = verify checkUnquotedN "if [ -n $foo ]; then echo cow; fi"
prop_checkUnquotedN2 = verify checkUnquotedN "[ -n $cow ]"
prop_checkUnquotedN3 = verifyNot checkUnquotedN "[[ -n $foo ]] && echo cow"
prop_checkUnquotedN4 = verify checkUnquotedN "[ -n $cow -o -t 1 ]"
prop_checkUnquotedN5 = verifyNot checkUnquotedN "[ -n \"$@\" ]"
checkUnquotedN _ (TC_Unary _ SingleBracket "-n" (T_NormalWord id [t])) | willSplit t =
err id 2070 "-n doesn't work with unquoted arguments. Quote or use [[ ]]."
checkUnquotedN _ _ = return ()
prop_checkNumberComparisons1 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[[ $foo < 3 ]]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons2 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[[ 0 >= $(cmd) ]]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons3 = verifyNot checkNumberComparisons "[[ $foo ]] > 3"
prop_checkNumberComparisons4 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[[ $foo > 2.72 ]]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons5 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[[ $foo -le 2.72 ]]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons6 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[[ 3.14 -eq $foo ]]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons7 = verifyNot checkNumberComparisons "[[ 3.14 == $foo ]]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons8 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[ foo <= bar ]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons9 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[ foo \\>= bar ]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons11 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[ $foo -eq 'N' ]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons12 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[ x$foo -gt x${N} ]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons13 = verify checkNumberComparisons "[ $foo > $bar ]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons14 = verifyNot checkNumberComparisons "[[ foo < bar ]]"
prop_checkNumberComparisons15 = verifyNot checkNumberComparisons "[ $foo '>' $bar ]"
checkNumberComparisons params (TC_Binary id typ op lhs rhs) = do
if isNum lhs || isNum rhs
then do
when (isLtGt op) $
err id 2071 $
op ++ " is for string comparisons. Use " ++ eqv op ++ " instead."
when (isLeGe op && hasStringComparison) $
err id 2071 $ op ++ " is not a valid operator. " ++
"Use " ++ eqv op ++ " ."
else do
when (isLeGe op || isLtGt op) $
mapM_ checkDecimals [lhs, rhs]
when (isLeGe op && hasStringComparison) $
err id 2122 $ op ++ " is not a valid operator. " ++
"Use '! a " ++ esc ++ invert op ++ " b' instead."
when (typ == SingleBracket && op `elem` ["<", ">"]) $
case shellType params of
Sh -> return ()
Dash -> err id 2073 $ "Escape \\" ++ op ++ " to prevent it redirecting."
_ -> err id 2073 $ "Escape \\" ++ op ++ " to prevent it redirecting (or switch to [[ .. ]])."
when (op `elem` ["-lt", "-gt", "-le", "-ge", "-eq"]) $ do
mapM_ checkDecimals [lhs, rhs]
when (typ == SingleBracket) $
checkStrings [lhs, rhs]
where
hasStringComparison = shellType params /= Sh
isLtGt = flip elem ["<", "\\<", ">", "\\>"]
isLeGe = flip elem ["<=", "\\<=", ">=", "\\>="]
checkDecimals hs =
when (isFraction hs && not (hasFloatingPoint params)) $
err (getId hs) 2072 decimalError
decimalError = "Decimals are not supported. " ++
"Either use integers only, or use bc or awk to compare."
checkStrings =
mapM_ stringError . take 1 . filter isNonNum
isNonNum t = fromMaybe False $ do
s <- getLiteralStringExt (const $ return "") t
return . not . all numChar $ s
numChar x = isDigit x || x `elem` "+-. "
stringError t = err (getId t) 2170 $
"Numerical " ++ op ++ " does not dereference in [..]. Expand or use string operator."
isNum t =
case oversimplify t of
[v] -> all isDigit v
_ -> False
isFraction t =
case oversimplify t of
[v] -> isJust $ matchRegex floatRegex v
_ -> False
eqv ('\\':s) = eqv s
eqv "<" = "-lt"
eqv ">" = "-gt"
eqv "<=" = "-le"
eqv ">=" = "-ge"
eqv _ = "the numerical equivalent"
esc = if typ == SingleBracket then "\\" else ""
seqv "-ge" = "! a " ++ esc ++ "< b"
seqv "-gt" = esc ++ ">"
seqv "-le" = "! a " ++ esc ++ "> b"
seqv "-lt" = esc ++ "<"
seqv "-eq" = "="
seqv "-ne" = "!="
seqv _ = "the string equivalent"
invert ('\\':s) = invert s
invert "<=" = ">"
invert ">=" = "<"
floatRegex = mkRegex "^[-+]?[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+$"
checkNumberComparisons _ _ = return ()
prop_checkSingleBracketOperators1 = verify checkSingleBracketOperators "[ test =~ foo ]"
checkSingleBracketOperators params (TC_Binary id SingleBracket "=~" lhs rhs) =
when (shellType params `elem` [Bash, Ksh]) $
err id 2074 $ "Can't use =~ in [ ]. Use [[..]] instead."
checkSingleBracketOperators _ _ = return ()
prop_checkDoubleBracketOperators1 = verify checkDoubleBracketOperators "[[ 3 \\< 4 ]]"
prop_checkDoubleBracketOperators3 = verifyNot checkDoubleBracketOperators "[[ foo < bar ]]"
checkDoubleBracketOperators _ x@(TC_Binary id typ op lhs rhs)
| typ == DoubleBracket && op `elem` ["\\<", "\\>"] =
err id 2075 $ "Escaping " ++ op ++" is required in [..], but invalid in [[..]]"
checkDoubleBracketOperators _ _ = return ()
prop_checkConditionalAndOrs1 = verify checkConditionalAndOrs "[ foo && bar ]"
prop_checkConditionalAndOrs2 = verify checkConditionalAndOrs "[[ foo -o bar ]]"
prop_checkConditionalAndOrs3 = verifyNot checkConditionalAndOrs "[[ foo || bar ]]"
prop_checkConditionalAndOrs4 = verify checkConditionalAndOrs "[ foo -a bar ]"
prop_checkConditionalAndOrs5 = verify checkConditionalAndOrs "[ -z 3 -o a = b ]"
checkConditionalAndOrs _ t =
case t of
(TC_And id SingleBracket "&&" _ _) ->
err id 2107 "Instead of [ a && b ], use [ a ] && [ b ]."
(TC_And id DoubleBracket "-a" _ _) ->
err id 2108 "In [[..]], use && instead of -a."
(TC_Or id SingleBracket "||" _ _) ->
err id 2109 "Instead of [ a || b ], use [ a ] || [ b ]."
(TC_Or id DoubleBracket "-o" _ _) ->
err id 2110 "In [[..]], use || instead of -o."
(TC_And id SingleBracket "-a" _ _) ->
warn id 2166 "Prefer [ p ] && [ q ] as [ p -a q ] is not well defined."
(TC_Or id SingleBracket "-o" _ _) ->
warn id 2166 "Prefer [ p ] || [ q ] as [ p -o q ] is not well defined."
_ -> return ()
prop_checkQuotedCondRegex1 = verify checkQuotedCondRegex "[[ $foo =~ \"bar.*\" ]]"
prop_checkQuotedCondRegex2 = verify checkQuotedCondRegex "[[ $foo =~ '(cow|bar)' ]]"
prop_checkQuotedCondRegex3 = verifyNot checkQuotedCondRegex "[[ $foo =~ $foo ]]"
prop_checkQuotedCondRegex4 = verifyNot checkQuotedCondRegex "[[ $foo =~ \"bar\" ]]"
prop_checkQuotedCondRegex5 = verifyNot checkQuotedCondRegex "[[ $foo =~ 'cow bar' ]]"
prop_checkQuotedCondRegex6 = verify checkQuotedCondRegex "[[ $foo =~ 'cow|bar' ]]"
checkQuotedCondRegex _ (TC_Binary _ _ "=~" _ rhs) =
case rhs of
T_NormalWord id [T_DoubleQuoted _ _] -> error rhs
T_NormalWord id [T_SingleQuoted _ _] -> error rhs
_ -> return ()
where
error t =
unless (isConstantNonRe t) $
err (getId t) 2076
"Don't quote right-hand side of =~, it'll match literally rather than as a regex."
re = mkRegex "[][*.+()|]"
hasMetachars s = s `matches` re
isConstantNonRe t = fromMaybe False $ do
s <- getLiteralString t
return . not $ hasMetachars s
checkQuotedCondRegex _ _ = return ()
prop_checkGlobbedRegex1 = verify checkGlobbedRegex "[[ $foo =~ *foo* ]]"
prop_checkGlobbedRegex2 = verify checkGlobbedRegex "[[ $foo =~ f* ]]"
prop_checkGlobbedRegex3 = verifyNot checkGlobbedRegex "[[ $foo =~ $foo ]]"
prop_checkGlobbedRegex4 = verifyNot checkGlobbedRegex "[[ $foo =~ ^c.* ]]"
prop_checkGlobbedRegex5 = verifyNot checkGlobbedRegex "[[ $foo =~ \\* ]]"
prop_checkGlobbedRegex6 = verifyNot checkGlobbedRegex "[[ $foo =~ (o*) ]]"
prop_checkGlobbedRegex7 = verifyNot checkGlobbedRegex "[[ $foo =~ \\*foo ]]"
prop_checkGlobbedRegex8 = verifyNot checkGlobbedRegex "[[ $foo =~ x\\* ]]"
checkGlobbedRegex _ (TC_Binary _ DoubleBracket "=~" _ rhs) =
let s = concat $ oversimplify rhs in
when (isConfusedGlobRegex s) $
warn (getId rhs) 2049 "=~ is for regex, but this looks like a glob. Use = instead."
checkGlobbedRegex _ _ = return ()
prop_checkConstantIfs1 = verify checkConstantIfs "[[ foo != bar ]]"
prop_checkConstantIfs2a= verify checkConstantIfs "[ n -le 4 ]"
prop_checkConstantIfs2b= verifyNot checkConstantIfs "[[ n -le 4 ]]"
prop_checkConstantIfs3 = verify checkConstantIfs "[[ $n -le 4 && n != 2 ]]"
prop_checkConstantIfs4 = verifyNot checkConstantIfs "[[ $n -le 3 ]]"
prop_checkConstantIfs5 = verifyNot checkConstantIfs "[[ $n -le $n ]]"
prop_checkConstantIfs6 = verifyNot checkConstantIfs "[[ a -ot b ]]"
prop_checkConstantIfs7 = verifyNot checkConstantIfs "[ a -nt b ]"
prop_checkConstantIfs8 = verifyNot checkConstantIfs "[[ ~foo == '~foo' ]]"
prop_checkConstantIfs9 = verify checkConstantIfs "[[ *.png == [a-z] ]]"
checkConstantIfs _ (TC_Binary id typ op lhs rhs) | not isDynamic =
if isConstant lhs && isConstant rhs
then warn id 2050 "This expression is constant. Did you forget the $ on a variable?"
else checkUnmatchable id op lhs rhs
where
isDynamic =
op `elem` [ "-lt", "-gt", "-le", "-ge", "-eq", "-ne" ]
&& typ == DoubleBracket
|| op `elem` [ "-nt", "-ot", "-ef"]
checkUnmatchable id op lhs rhs =
when (op `elem` ["=", "==", "!="] && not (wordsCanBeEqual lhs rhs)) $
warn id 2193 "The arguments to this comparison can never be equal. Make sure your syntax is correct."
checkConstantIfs _ _ = return ()
prop_checkLiteralBreakingTest = verify checkLiteralBreakingTest "[[ a==$foo ]]"
prop_checkLiteralBreakingTest2 = verify checkLiteralBreakingTest "[ $foo=3 ]"
prop_checkLiteralBreakingTest3 = verify checkLiteralBreakingTest "[ $foo!=3 ]"
prop_checkLiteralBreakingTest4 = verify checkLiteralBreakingTest "[ \"$(ls) \" ]"
prop_checkLiteralBreakingTest5 = verify checkLiteralBreakingTest "[ -n \"$(true) \" ]"
prop_checkLiteralBreakingTest6 = verify checkLiteralBreakingTest "[ -z $(true)z ]"
prop_checkLiteralBreakingTest7 = verifyNot checkLiteralBreakingTest "[ -z $(true) ]"
prop_checkLiteralBreakingTest8 = verifyNot checkLiteralBreakingTest "[ $(true)$(true) ]"
prop_checkLiteralBreakingTest10 = verify checkLiteralBreakingTest "[ -z foo ]"
checkLiteralBreakingTest _ t = potentially $
case t of
(TC_Nullary _ _ w@(T_NormalWord _ l)) -> do
guard . not $ isConstant w
comparisonWarning l `mplus` tautologyWarning w "Argument to implicit -n is always true due to literal strings."
(TC_Unary _ _ op w@(T_NormalWord _ l)) ->
case op of
"-n" -> tautologyWarning w "Argument to -n is always true due to literal strings."
"-z" -> tautologyWarning w "Argument to -z is always false due to literal strings."
_ -> fail "not relevant"
_ -> fail "not my problem"
where
hasEquals = matchToken ('=' `elem`)
isNonEmpty = matchToken (not . null)
matchToken m t = isJust $ do
str <- getLiteralString t
guard $ m str
return ()
comparisonWarning list = do
token <- listToMaybe $ filter hasEquals list
return $ err (getId token) 2077 "You need spaces around the comparison operator."
tautologyWarning t s = do
token <- listToMaybe $ filter isNonEmpty $ getWordParts t
return $ err (getId token) 2157 s
prop_checkConstantNullary = verify checkConstantNullary "[[ '$(foo)' ]]"
prop_checkConstantNullary2 = verify checkConstantNullary "[ \"-f lol\" ]"
prop_checkConstantNullary3 = verify checkConstantNullary "[[ cmd ]]"
prop_checkConstantNullary4 = verify checkConstantNullary "[[ ! cmd ]]"
prop_checkConstantNullary5 = verify checkConstantNullary "[[ true ]]"
prop_checkConstantNullary6 = verify checkConstantNullary "[ 1 ]"
prop_checkConstantNullary7 = verify checkConstantNullary "[ false ]"
checkConstantNullary _ (TC_Nullary _ _ t) | isConstant t =
case fromMaybe "" $ getLiteralString t of
"false" -> err (getId t) 2158 "[ false ] is true. Remove the brackets."
"0" -> err (getId t) 2159 "[ 0 ] is true. Use 'false' instead."
"true" -> style (getId t) 2160 "Instead of '[ true ]', just use 'true'."
"1" -> style (getId t) 2161 "Instead of '[ 1 ]', use 'true'."
_ -> err (getId t) 2078 "This expression is constant. Did you forget a $ somewhere?"
where
string = fromMaybe "" $ getLiteralString t
checkConstantNullary _ _ = return ()
prop_checkForDecimals1 = verify checkForDecimals "((3.14*c))"
prop_checkForDecimals2 = verify checkForDecimals "foo[1.2]=bar"
prop_checkForDecimals3 = verifyNot checkForDecimals "declare -A foo; foo[1.2]=bar"
checkForDecimals params t@(TA_Expansion id _) = potentially $ do
guard $ not (hasFloatingPoint params)
str <- getLiteralString t
first <- str !!! 0
guard $ isDigit first && '.' `elem` str
return $ err id 2079 "(( )) doesn't support decimals. Use bc or awk."
checkForDecimals _ _ = return ()
prop_checkDivBeforeMult = verify checkDivBeforeMult "echo $((c/n*100))"
prop_checkDivBeforeMult2 = verifyNot checkDivBeforeMult "echo $((c*100/n))"
prop_checkDivBeforeMult3 = verifyNot checkDivBeforeMult "echo $((c/10*10))"
checkDivBeforeMult params (TA_Binary _ "*" (TA_Binary id "/" _ x) y)
| not (hasFloatingPoint params) && x /= y =
info id 2017 "Increase precision by replacing a/b*c with a*c/b."
checkDivBeforeMult _ _ = return ()
prop_checkArithmeticDeref = verify checkArithmeticDeref "echo $((3+$foo))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref2 = verify checkArithmeticDeref "cow=14; (( s+= $cow ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref3 = verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "cow=1/40; (( s+= ${cow%%/*} ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref4 = verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "(( ! $? ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref5 = verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "(($1))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref6 = verify checkArithmeticDeref "(( a[$i] ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref7 = verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "(( 10#$n ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref8 = verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "let i=$i+1"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref9 = verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "(( a[foo] ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref10= verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "(( a[\\$foo] ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref11= verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "a[$foo]=wee"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref12= verify checkArithmeticDeref "for ((i=0; $i < 3; i)); do true; done"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref13= verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "(( $$ ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref14= verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "(( $! ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref15= verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "(( ${!var} ))"
prop_checkArithmeticDeref16= verifyNot checkArithmeticDeref "(( ${x+1} + ${x=42} ))"
checkArithmeticDeref params t@(TA_Expansion _ [b@(T_DollarBraced id _ _)]) =
unless (isException $ bracedString b) getWarning
where
isException [] = True
isException s = any (`elem` "/.:#%?*@$-!+=^,") s || isDigit (head s)
getWarning = fromMaybe noWarning . msum . map warningFor $ parents params t
warningFor t =
case t of
T_Arithmetic {} -> return normalWarning
T_DollarArithmetic {} -> return normalWarning
T_ForArithmetic {} -> return normalWarning
T_SimpleCommand {} -> return noWarning
_ -> Nothing
normalWarning = style id 2004 "$/${} is unnecessary on arithmetic variables."
noWarning = return ()
checkArithmeticDeref _ _ = return ()
prop_checkArithmeticBadOctal1 = verify checkArithmeticBadOctal "(( 0192 ))"
prop_checkArithmeticBadOctal2 = verifyNot checkArithmeticBadOctal "(( 0x192 ))"
prop_checkArithmeticBadOctal3 = verifyNot checkArithmeticBadOctal "(( 1 ^ 0777 ))"
checkArithmeticBadOctal _ t@(TA_Expansion id _) = potentially $ do
str <- getLiteralString t
guard $ str `matches` octalRE
return $ err id 2080 "Numbers with leading 0 are considered octal."
where
octalRE = mkRegex "^0[0-7]*[8-9]"
checkArithmeticBadOctal _ _ = return ()
prop_checkComparisonAgainstGlob = verify checkComparisonAgainstGlob "[[ $cow == $bar ]]"
prop_checkComparisonAgainstGlob2 = verifyNot checkComparisonAgainstGlob "[[ $cow == \"$bar\" ]]"
prop_checkComparisonAgainstGlob3 = verify checkComparisonAgainstGlob "[ $cow = *foo* ]"
prop_checkComparisonAgainstGlob4 = verifyNot checkComparisonAgainstGlob "[ $cow = foo ]"
prop_checkComparisonAgainstGlob5 = verify checkComparisonAgainstGlob "[[ $cow != $bar ]]"
prop_checkComparisonAgainstGlob6 = verify checkComparisonAgainstGlob "[ $f != /* ]"
checkComparisonAgainstGlob _ (TC_Binary _ DoubleBracket op _ (T_NormalWord id [T_DollarBraced _ _ _]))
| op `elem` ["=", "==", "!="] =
warn id 2053 $ "Quote the right-hand side of " ++ op ++ " in [[ ]] to prevent glob matching."
checkComparisonAgainstGlob params (TC_Binary _ SingleBracket op _ word)
| op `elem` ["=", "==", "!="] && isGlob word =
err (getId word) 2081 msg
where
msg = if isBashLike params
then "[ .. ] can't match globs. Use [[ .. ]] or case statement."
else "[ .. ] can't match globs. Use a case statement."
checkComparisonAgainstGlob _ _ = return ()
prop_checkCommarrays1 = verify checkCommarrays "a=(1, 2)"
prop_checkCommarrays2 = verify checkCommarrays "a+=(1,2,3)"
prop_checkCommarrays3 = verifyNot checkCommarrays "cow=(1 \"foo,bar\" 3)"
prop_checkCommarrays4 = verifyNot checkCommarrays "cow=('one,' 'two')"
prop_checkCommarrays5 = verify checkCommarrays "a=([a]=b, [c]=d)"
prop_checkCommarrays6 = verify checkCommarrays "a=([a]=b,[c]=d,[e]=f)"
prop_checkCommarrays7 = verify checkCommarrays "a=(1,2)"
checkCommarrays _ (T_Array id l) =
when (any (isCommaSeparated . literal) l) $
warn id 2054 "Use spaces, not commas, to separate array elements."
where
literal (T_IndexedElement _ _ l) = literal l
literal (T_NormalWord _ l) = concatMap literal l
literal (T_Literal _ str) = str
literal _ = ""
isCommaSeparated = elem ','
checkCommarrays _ _ = return ()
prop_checkOrNeq1 = verify checkOrNeq "if [[ $lol -ne cow || $lol -ne foo ]]; then echo foo; fi"
prop_checkOrNeq2 = verify checkOrNeq "(( a!=lol || a!=foo ))"
prop_checkOrNeq3 = verify checkOrNeq "[ \"$a\" != lol || \"$a\" != foo ]"
prop_checkOrNeq4 = verifyNot checkOrNeq "[ a != $cow || b != $foo ]"
prop_checkOrNeq5 = verifyNot checkOrNeq "[[ $a != /home || $a != */public_html/* ]]"
prop_checkOrNeq6 = verify checkOrNeq "[ $a != a ] || [ $a != b ]"
prop_checkOrNeq7 = verify checkOrNeq "[ $a != a ] || [ $a != b ] || true"
prop_checkOrNeq8 = verifyNot checkOrNeq "[[ $a != x || $a != x ]]"
checkOrNeq _ (TC_Or id typ op (TC_Binary _ _ op1 lhs1 rhs1 ) (TC_Binary _ _ op2 lhs2 rhs2))
| (op1 == op2 && (op1 == "-ne" || op1 == "!=")) && lhs1 == lhs2 && rhs1 /= rhs2 && not (any isGlob [rhs1,rhs2]) =
warn id 2055 $ "You probably wanted " ++ (if typ == SingleBracket then "-a" else "&&") ++ " here, otherwise it's always true."
checkOrNeq _ (TA_Binary id "||" (TA_Binary _ "!=" word1 _) (TA_Binary _ "!=" word2 _))
| word1 == word2 =
warn id 2056 "You probably wanted && here, otherwise it's always true."
checkOrNeq _ (T_OrIf id lhs rhs) = potentially $ do
(lhs1, op1, rhs1) <- getExpr lhs
(lhs2, op2, rhs2) <- getExpr rhs
guard $ op1 == op2 && op1 `elem` ["-ne", "!="]
guard $ lhs1 == lhs2 && rhs1 /= rhs2
guard . not $ any isGlob [rhs1, rhs2]
return $ warn id 2252 "You probably wanted && here, otherwise it's always true."
where
getExpr x =
case x of
T_OrIf _ lhs _ -> getExpr lhs
T_Pipeline _ _ [x] -> getExpr x
T_Redirecting _ _ c -> getExpr c
T_Condition _ _ c -> getExpr c
TC_Binary _ _ op lhs rhs -> return (lhs, op, rhs)
_ -> fail ""
checkOrNeq _ _ = return ()
prop_checkValidCondOps1 = verify checkValidCondOps "[[ a -xz b ]]"
prop_checkValidCondOps2 = verify checkValidCondOps "[ -M a ]"
prop_checkValidCondOps2a= verifyNot checkValidCondOps "[ 3 \\> 2 ]"
prop_checkValidCondOps3 = verifyNot checkValidCondOps "[ 1 = 2 -a 3 -ge 4 ]"
prop_checkValidCondOps4 = verifyNot checkValidCondOps "[[ ! -v foo ]]"
checkValidCondOps _ (TC_Binary id _ s _ _)
| s `notElem` binaryTestOps =
warn id 2057 "Unknown binary operator."
checkValidCondOps _ (TC_Unary id _ s _)
| s `notElem` unaryTestOps =
warn id 2058 "Unknown unary operator."
checkValidCondOps _ _ = return ()
prop_checkUuoeVar1 = verify checkUuoeVar "for f in $(echo $tmp); do echo lol; done"
prop_checkUuoeVar2 = verify checkUuoeVar "date +`echo \"$format\"`"
prop_checkUuoeVar3 = verifyNot checkUuoeVar "foo \"$(echo -e '\r')\""
prop_checkUuoeVar4 = verifyNot checkUuoeVar "echo $tmp"
prop_checkUuoeVar5 = verify checkUuoeVar "foo \"$(echo \"$(date) value:\" $value)\""
prop_checkUuoeVar6 = verifyNot checkUuoeVar "foo \"$(echo files: *.png)\""
prop_checkUuoeVar7 = verifyNot checkUuoeVar "foo $(echo $(bar))"
prop_checkUuoeVar8 = verifyNot checkUuoeVar "#!/bin/sh\nz=$(echo)"
prop_checkUuoeVar9 = verify checkUuoeVar "foo $(echo $(<file))"
checkUuoeVar _ p =
case p of
T_Backticked id [cmd] -> check id cmd
T_DollarExpansion id [cmd] -> check id cmd
_ -> return ()
where
couldBeOptimized f = case f of
T_Glob {} -> False
T_Extglob {} -> False
T_BraceExpansion {} -> False
T_NormalWord _ l -> all couldBeOptimized l
T_DoubleQuoted _ l -> all couldBeOptimized l
_ -> True
check id (T_Pipeline _ _ [T_Redirecting _ _ c]) = warnForEcho id c
check _ _ = return ()
isCovered first rest = null rest && tokenIsJustCommandOutput first
warnForEcho id = checkUnqualifiedCommand "echo" $ \_ vars ->
case vars of
(first:rest) ->
unless (isCovered first rest || "-" `isPrefixOf` onlyLiteralString first) $
when (all couldBeOptimized vars) $ style id 2116
"Useless echo? Instead of 'cmd $(echo foo)', just use 'cmd foo'."
_ -> return ()
prop_checkTestRedirects1 = verify checkTestRedirects "test 3 > 1"
prop_checkTestRedirects2 = verifyNot checkTestRedirects "test 3 \\> 1"
prop_checkTestRedirects3 = verify checkTestRedirects "/usr/bin/test $var > $foo"
prop_checkTestRedirects4 = verifyNot checkTestRedirects "test 1 -eq 2 2> file"
checkTestRedirects _ (T_Redirecting id redirs cmd) | cmd `isCommand` "test" =
mapM_ check redirs
where
check t =
when (suspicious t) $
warn (getId t) 2065 "This is interpreted as a shell file redirection, not a comparison."
suspicious t =
case t of
T_FdRedirect _ fd (T_IoFile _ op _) -> fd /= "2" && isComparison op
_ -> False
isComparison t =
case t of
T_Greater _ -> True
T_Less _ -> True
_ -> False
checkTestRedirects _ _ = return ()
prop_checkPS11 = verify checkPS1Assignments "PS1='\\033[1;35m\\$ '"
prop_checkPS11a= verify checkPS1Assignments "export PS1='\\033[1;35m\\$ '"
prop_checkPSf2 = verify checkPS1Assignments "PS1='\\h \\e[0m\\$ '"
prop_checkPS13 = verify checkPS1Assignments "PS1=$'\\x1b[c '"
prop_checkPS14 = verify checkPS1Assignments "PS1=$'\\e[3m; '"
prop_checkPS14a= verify checkPS1Assignments "export PS1=$'\\e[3m; '"
prop_checkPS15 = verifyNot checkPS1Assignments "PS1='\\[\\033[1;35m\\]\\$ '"
prop_checkPS16 = verifyNot checkPS1Assignments "PS1='\\[\\e1m\\e[1m\\]\\$ '"
prop_checkPS17 = verifyNot checkPS1Assignments "PS1='e033x1B'"
prop_checkPS18 = verifyNot checkPS1Assignments "PS1='\\[\\e\\]'"
checkPS1Assignments _ (T_Assignment _ _ "PS1" _ word) = warnFor word
where
warnFor word =
let contents = concat $ oversimplify word in
when (containsUnescaped contents) $
info (getId word) 2025 "Make sure all escape sequences are enclosed in \\[..\\] to prevent line wrapping issues"
containsUnescaped s =
let unenclosed = subRegex enclosedRegex s "" in
isJust $ matchRegex escapeRegex unenclosed
enclosedRegex = mkRegex "\\\\\\[.*\\\\\\]"
escapeRegex = mkRegex "\\\\x1[Bb]|\\\\e|\x1B|\\\\033"
checkPS1Assignments _ _ = return ()
prop_checkBackticks1 = verify checkBackticks "echo `foo`"
prop_checkBackticks2 = verifyNot checkBackticks "echo $(foo)"
prop_checkBackticks3 = verifyNot checkBackticks "echo `#inlined comment` foo"
checkBackticks params (T_Backticked id list) | not (null list) =
addComment $
makeCommentWithFix StyleC id 2006 "Use $(...) notation instead of legacy backticked `...`."
(fixWith [replaceStart id params 1 "$(", replaceEnd id params 1 ")"])
checkBackticks _ _ = return ()
prop_checkIndirectExpansion1 = verify checkIndirectExpansion "${foo$n}"
prop_checkIndirectExpansion2 = verifyNot checkIndirectExpansion "${foo//$n/lol}"
prop_checkIndirectExpansion3 = verify checkIndirectExpansion "${$#}"
prop_checkIndirectExpansion4 = verify checkIndirectExpansion "${var${n}_$((i%2))}"
prop_checkIndirectExpansion5 = verifyNot checkIndirectExpansion "${bar}"
checkIndirectExpansion _ (T_DollarBraced i _ (T_NormalWord _ contents)) =
when (isIndirection contents) $
err i 2082 "To expand via indirection, use arrays, ${!name} or (for sh only) eval."
where
isIndirection vars =
let list = mapMaybe isIndirectionPart vars in
not (null list) && and list
isIndirectionPart t =
case t of T_DollarExpansion _ _ -> Just True
T_Backticked _ _ -> Just True
T_DollarBraced _ _ _ -> Just True
T_DollarArithmetic _ _ -> Just True
T_Literal _ s -> if all isVariableChar s
then Nothing
else Just False
_ -> Just False
checkIndirectExpansion _ _ = return ()
prop_checkInexplicablyUnquoted1 = verify checkInexplicablyUnquoted "echo 'var='value';'"
prop_checkInexplicablyUnquoted2 = verifyNot checkInexplicablyUnquoted "'foo'*"
prop_checkInexplicablyUnquoted3 = verifyNot checkInexplicablyUnquoted "wget --user-agent='something'"
prop_checkInexplicablyUnquoted4 = verify checkInexplicablyUnquoted "echo \"VALUES (\"id\")\""
prop_checkInexplicablyUnquoted5 = verifyNot checkInexplicablyUnquoted "\"$dir\"/\"$file\""
prop_checkInexplicablyUnquoted6 = verifyNot checkInexplicablyUnquoted "\"$dir\"some_stuff\"$file\""
prop_checkInexplicablyUnquoted7 = verifyNot checkInexplicablyUnquoted "${dir/\"foo\"/\"bar\"}"
prop_checkInexplicablyUnquoted8 = verifyNot checkInexplicablyUnquoted " 'foo'\\\n 'bar'"
prop_checkInexplicablyUnquoted9 = verifyNot checkInexplicablyUnquoted "[[ $x =~ \"foo\"(\"bar\"|\"baz\") ]]"
checkInexplicablyUnquoted params (T_NormalWord id tokens) = mapM_ check (tails tokens)
where
check (T_SingleQuoted _ _:T_Literal id str:_)
| not (null str) && all isAlphaNum str =
info id 2026 "This word is outside of quotes. Did you intend to 'nest '\"'single quotes'\"' instead'? "
check (T_DoubleQuoted _ a:trapped:T_DoubleQuoted _ b:_) =
case trapped of
T_DollarExpansion id _ -> warnAboutExpansion id
T_DollarBraced id _ _ -> warnAboutExpansion id
T_Literal id s ->
unless (quotesSingleThing a && quotesSingleThing b || isRegex (getPath (parentMap params) trapped)) $
warnAboutLiteral id
_ -> return ()
check _ = return ()
isRegex t =
case t of
(T_Redirecting {} : _) -> False
(a:(TC_Binary _ _ "=~" lhs rhs):rest) -> getId a == getId rhs
_:rest -> isRegex rest
_ -> False
quotesSingleThing x = case x of
[T_DollarExpansion _ _] -> True
[T_DollarBraced _ _ _] -> True
[T_Backticked _ _] -> True
_ -> False
warnAboutExpansion id =
warn id 2027 "The surrounding quotes actually unquote this. Remove or escape them."
warnAboutLiteral id =
warn id 2140 "Word is of the form \"A\"B\"C\" (B indicated). Did you mean \"ABC\" or \"A\\\"B\\\"C\"?"
checkInexplicablyUnquoted _ _ = return ()
prop_checkTildeInQuotes1 = verify checkTildeInQuotes "var=\"~/out.txt\""
prop_checkTildeInQuotes2 = verify checkTildeInQuotes "foo > '~/dir'"
prop_checkTildeInQuotes4 = verifyNot checkTildeInQuotes "~/file"
prop_checkTildeInQuotes5 = verifyNot checkTildeInQuotes "echo '/~foo/cow'"
prop_checkTildeInQuotes6 = verifyNot checkTildeInQuotes "awk '$0 ~ /foo/'"
checkTildeInQuotes _ = check
where
verify id ('~':'/':_) = warn id 2088 "Tilde does not expand in quotes. Use $HOME."
verify _ _ = return ()
check (T_NormalWord _ (T_SingleQuoted id str:_)) =
verify id str
check (T_NormalWord _ (T_DoubleQuoted _ (T_Literal id str:_):_)) =
verify id str
check _ = return ()
prop_checkLonelyDotDash1 = verify checkLonelyDotDash "./ file"
prop_checkLonelyDotDash2 = verifyNot checkLonelyDotDash "./file"
checkLonelyDotDash _ t@(T_Redirecting id _ _)
| isUnqualifiedCommand t "./" =
err id 2083 "Don't add spaces after the slash in './file'."
checkLonelyDotDash _ _ = return ()
prop_checkSpuriousExec1 = verify checkSpuriousExec "exec foo; true"
prop_checkSpuriousExec2 = verify checkSpuriousExec "if a; then exec b; exec c; fi"
prop_checkSpuriousExec3 = verifyNot checkSpuriousExec "echo cow; exec foo"
prop_checkSpuriousExec4 = verifyNot checkSpuriousExec "if a; then exec b; fi"
prop_checkSpuriousExec5 = verifyNot checkSpuriousExec "exec > file; cmd"
prop_checkSpuriousExec6 = verify checkSpuriousExec "exec foo > file; cmd"
prop_checkSpuriousExec7 = verifyNot checkSpuriousExec "exec file; echo failed; exit 3"
prop_checkSpuriousExec8 = verifyNot checkSpuriousExec "exec {origout}>&1- >tmp.log 2>&1; bar"
prop_checkSpuriousExec9 = verify checkSpuriousExec "for file in rc.d/*; do exec \"$file\"; done"
checkSpuriousExec _ = doLists
where
doLists (T_Script _ _ cmds) = doList cmds False
doLists (T_BraceGroup _ cmds) = doList cmds False
doLists (T_WhileExpression _ _ cmds) = doList cmds True
doLists (T_UntilExpression _ _ cmds) = doList cmds True
doLists (T_ForIn _ _ _ cmds) = doList cmds True
doLists (T_ForArithmetic _ _ _ _ cmds) = doList cmds True
doLists (T_IfExpression _ thens elses) = do
mapM_ (\(_, l) -> doList l False) thens
doList elses False
doLists _ = return ()
stripCleanup = reverse . dropWhile cleanup . reverse
cleanup (T_Pipeline _ _ [cmd]) =
isCommandMatch cmd (`elem` ["echo", "exit"])
cleanup _ = False
doList = doList' . stripCleanup
doList' t@(current:following:_) False = do
commentIfExec current
doList (tail t) False
doList' (current:tail) True = do
commentIfExec current
doList tail True
doList' _ _ = return ()
commentIfExec (T_Pipeline id _ list) =
mapM_ commentIfExec $ take 1 list
commentIfExec (T_Redirecting _ _ f@(
T_SimpleCommand id _ (cmd:arg:_))) =
when (f `isUnqualifiedCommand` "exec") $
warn id 2093
"Remove \"exec \" if script should continue after this command."
commentIfExec _ = return ()
prop_checkSpuriousExpansion1 = verify checkSpuriousExpansion "if $(true); then true; fi"
prop_checkSpuriousExpansion2 = verify checkSpuriousExpansion "while \"$(cmd)\"; do :; done"
prop_checkSpuriousExpansion3 = verifyNot checkSpuriousExpansion "$(cmd) --flag1 --flag2"
prop_checkSpuriousExpansion4 = verify checkSpuriousExpansion "$((i++))"
checkSpuriousExpansion _ (T_SimpleCommand _ _ [T_NormalWord _ [word]]) = check word
where
check word = case word of
T_DollarExpansion id _ ->
warn id 2091 "Remove surrounding $() to avoid executing output."
T_Backticked id _ ->
warn id 2092 "Remove backticks to avoid executing output."
T_DollarArithmetic id _ ->
err id 2084 "Remove '$' or use '_=$((expr))' to avoid executing output."
T_DoubleQuoted id [subword] -> check subword
_ -> return ()
checkSpuriousExpansion _ _ = return ()
prop_checkDollarBrackets1 = verify checkDollarBrackets "echo $[1+2]"
prop_checkDollarBrackets2 = verifyNot checkDollarBrackets "echo $((1+2))"
checkDollarBrackets _ (T_DollarBracket id _) =
style id 2007 "Use $((..)) instead of deprecated $[..]"
checkDollarBrackets _ _ = return ()
prop_checkSshHereDoc1 = verify checkSshHereDoc "ssh host << foo\necho $PATH\nfoo"
prop_checkSshHereDoc2 = verifyNot checkSshHereDoc "ssh host << 'foo'\necho $PATH\nfoo"
checkSshHereDoc _ (T_Redirecting _ redirs cmd)
| cmd `isCommand` "ssh" =
mapM_ checkHereDoc redirs
where
hasVariables = mkRegex "[`$]"
checkHereDoc (T_FdRedirect _ _ (T_HereDoc id _ Unquoted token tokens))
| not (all isConstant tokens) =
warn id 2087 $ "Quote '" ++ token ++ "' to make here document expansions happen on the server side rather than on the client."
checkHereDoc _ = return ()
checkSshHereDoc _ _ = return ()
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "cat foo | while read bar; do a=$bar; done; echo \"$a\""
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck2 = verifyNotTree subshellAssignmentCheck "while read bar; do a=$bar; done < file; echo \"$a\""
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck3 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "( A=foo; ); rm $A"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck4 = verifyNotTree subshellAssignmentCheck "( A=foo; rm $A; )"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck5 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "cat foo | while read cow; do true; done; echo $cow;"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck6 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "( export lol=$(ls); ); echo $lol;"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck6a= verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "( typeset -a lol=a; ); echo $lol;"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck7 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "cmd | while read foo; do (( n++ )); done; echo \"$n lines\""
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck8 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "n=3 & echo $((n++))"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck9 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "read n & n=foo$n"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck10 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "(( n <<= 3 )) & (( n |= 4 )) &"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck11 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "cat /etc/passwd | while read line; do let n=n+1; done\necho $n"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck12 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "cat /etc/passwd | while read line; do let ++n; done\necho $n"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck13 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "#!/bin/bash\necho foo | read bar; echo $bar"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck14 = verifyNotTree subshellAssignmentCheck "#!/bin/ksh93\necho foo | read bar; echo $bar"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck15 = verifyNotTree subshellAssignmentCheck "#!/bin/ksh\ncat foo | while read bar; do a=$bar; done\necho \"$a\""
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck16 = verifyNotTree subshellAssignmentCheck "(set -e); echo $@"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck17 = verifyNotTree subshellAssignmentCheck "foo=${ { bar=$(baz); } 2>&1; }; echo $foo $bar"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck18 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "( exec {n}>&2; ); echo $n"
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck19 = verifyNotTree subshellAssignmentCheck "#!/bin/bash\nshopt -s lastpipe; echo a | read -r b; echo \"$b\""
prop_subshellAssignmentCheck20 = verifyTree subshellAssignmentCheck "@test 'foo' { a=1; }\n@test 'bar' { echo $a; }\n"
subshellAssignmentCheck params t =
let flow = variableFlow params
check = findSubshelled flow [("oops",[])] Map.empty
in execWriter check
findSubshelled [] _ _ = return ()
findSubshelled (Assignment x@(_, _, str, _):rest) ((reason,scope):lol) deadVars =
findSubshelled rest ((reason, x:scope):lol) $ Map.insert str Alive deadVars
findSubshelled (Reference (_, readToken, str):rest) scopes deadVars = do
unless (shouldIgnore str) $ case Map.findWithDefault Alive str deadVars of
Alive -> return ()
Dead writeToken reason -> do
info (getId writeToken) 2030 $ "Modification of " ++ str ++ " is local (to subshell caused by "++ reason ++")."
info (getId readToken) 2031 $ str ++ " was modified in a subshell. That change might be lost."
findSubshelled rest scopes deadVars
where
shouldIgnore str =
str `elem` ["@", "*", "IFS"]
findSubshelled (StackScope (SubshellScope reason):rest) scopes deadVars =
findSubshelled rest ((reason,[]):scopes) deadVars
findSubshelled (StackScopeEnd:rest) ((reason, scope):oldScopes) deadVars =
findSubshelled rest oldScopes $
foldl (\m (_, token, var, _) ->
Map.insert var (Dead token reason) m) deadVars scope
doVariableFlowAnalysis ::
(Token -> Token -> String -> State t [v])
-> (Token -> Token -> String -> DataType -> State t [v])
-> t
-> [StackData]
-> [v]
doVariableFlowAnalysis readFunc writeFunc empty flow = evalState (
foldM (\list x -> do { l <- doFlow x; return $ l ++ list; }) [] flow
) empty
where
doFlow (Reference (base, token, name)) =
readFunc base token name
doFlow (Assignment (base, token, name, values)) =
writeFunc base token name values
doFlow _ = return []
prop_checkSpacefulness1 = verifyTree checkSpacefulness "a='cow moo'; echo $a"
prop_checkSpacefulness2 = verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "a='cow moo'; [[ $a ]]"
prop_checkSpacefulness3 = verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "a='cow*.mp3'; echo \"$a\""
prop_checkSpacefulness4 = verifyTree checkSpacefulness "for f in *.mp3; do echo $f; done"
prop_checkSpacefulness4a= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "foo=3; foo=$(echo $foo)"
prop_checkSpacefulness5 = verifyTree checkSpacefulness "a='*'; b=$a; c=lol${b//foo/bar}; echo $c"
prop_checkSpacefulness6 = verifyTree checkSpacefulness "a=foo$(lol); echo $a"
prop_checkSpacefulness7 = verifyTree checkSpacefulness "a=foo\\ bar; rm $a"
prop_checkSpacefulness8 = verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "a=foo\\ bar; a=foo; rm $a"
prop_checkSpacefulness10= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "rm $1"
prop_checkSpacefulness11= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "rm ${10//foo/bar}"
prop_checkSpacefulness12= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "(( $1 + 3 ))"
prop_checkSpacefulness13= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "if [[ $2 -gt 14 ]]; then true; fi"
prop_checkSpacefulness14= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "foo=$3 env"
prop_checkSpacefulness15= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "local foo=$1"
prop_checkSpacefulness16= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "declare foo=$1"
prop_checkSpacefulness17= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "echo foo=$1"
prop_checkSpacefulness18= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "$1 --flags"
prop_checkSpacefulness19= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "echo $PWD"
prop_checkSpacefulness20= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "n+='foo bar'"
prop_checkSpacefulness21= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "select foo in $bar; do true; done"
prop_checkSpacefulness22= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "echo $\"$1\""
prop_checkSpacefulness23= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "a=(1); echo ${a[@]}"
prop_checkSpacefulness24= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "a='a b'; cat <<< $a"
prop_checkSpacefulness25= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "a='s/[0-9]//g'; sed $a"
prop_checkSpacefulness26= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "a='foo bar'; echo {1,2,$a}"
prop_checkSpacefulness27= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "echo ${a:+'foo'}"
prop_checkSpacefulness28= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "exec {n}>&1; echo $n"
prop_checkSpacefulness29= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "n=$(stuff); exec {n}>&-;"
prop_checkSpacefulness30= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "file='foo bar'; echo foo > $file;"
prop_checkSpacefulness31= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "echo \"`echo \\\"$1\\\"`\""
prop_checkSpacefulness32= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "var=$1; [ -v var ]"
prop_checkSpacefulness33= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "for file; do echo $file; done"
prop_checkSpacefulness34= verifyTree checkSpacefulness "declare foo$n=$1"
prop_checkSpacefulness35= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "echo ${1+\"$1\"}"
prop_checkSpacefulness36= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "arg=$#; echo $arg"
prop_checkSpacefulness37= verifyNotTree checkSpacefulness "@test 'status' {\n [ $status -eq 0 ]\n}"
prop_checkSpacefulness37v = verifyTree checkVerboseSpacefulness "@test 'status' {\n [ $status -eq 0 ]\n}"
checkSpacefulness params = checkSpacefulness' onFind params
where
emit x = tell [x]
onFind spaces token _ =
when spaces $
if isDefaultAssignment (parentMap params) token
then
emit $ makeComment InfoC (getId token) 2223
"This default assignment may cause DoS due to globbing. Quote it."
else
emit $ makeCommentWithFix InfoC (getId token) 2086
"Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting."
(addDoubleQuotesAround params token)
isDefaultAssignment parents token =
let modifier = getBracedModifier $ bracedString token in
any (`isPrefixOf` modifier) ["=", ":="]
&& isParamTo parents ":" token
prop_checkSpacefulness4v= verifyTree checkVerboseSpacefulness "foo=3; foo=$(echo $foo)"
prop_checkSpacefulness8v= verifyTree checkVerboseSpacefulness "a=foo\\ bar; a=foo; rm $a"
prop_checkSpacefulness28v = verifyTree checkVerboseSpacefulness "exec {n}>&1; echo $n"
prop_checkSpacefulness36v = verifyTree checkVerboseSpacefulness "arg=$#; echo $arg"
checkVerboseSpacefulness params = checkSpacefulness' onFind params
where
onFind spaces token name =
when (not spaces && name `notElem` specialVariablesWithoutSpaces) $
tell [makeCommentWithFix StyleC (getId token) 2248
"Prefer double quoting even when variables don't contain special characters."
(addDoubleQuotesAround params token)]
addDoubleQuotesAround params token = (surroundWidth (getId token) params "\"")
checkSpacefulness'
:: (Bool -> Token -> String -> Writer [TokenComment] ()) ->
Parameters -> Token -> [TokenComment]
checkSpacefulness' onFind params t =
doVariableFlowAnalysis readF writeF (Map.fromList defaults) (variableFlow params)
where
defaults = zip variablesWithoutSpaces (repeat False)
hasSpaces name = gets (Map.findWithDefault True name)
setSpaces name bool =
modify $ Map.insert name bool
readF _ token name = do
spaces <- hasSpaces name
let needsQuoting =
isExpansion token
&& not (isArrayExpansion token)
&& not (isCountingReference token)
&& not (isQuoteFree parents token)
&& not (isQuotedAlternativeReference token)
&& not (usedAsCommandName parents token)
return . execWriter $ when needsQuoting $ onFind spaces token name
where
emit x = tell [x]
writeF _ _ name (DataString SourceExternal) = setSpaces name True >> return []
writeF _ _ name (DataString SourceInteger) = setSpaces name False >> return []
writeF _ _ name (DataString (SourceFrom vals)) = do
map <- get
setSpaces name
(isSpacefulWord (\x -> Map.findWithDefault True x map) vals)
return []
writeF _ _ _ _ = return []
parents = parentMap params
isExpansion t =
case t of
(T_DollarBraced _ _ _ ) -> True
_ -> False
isSpacefulWord :: (String -> Bool) -> [Token] -> Bool
isSpacefulWord f = any (isSpaceful f)
isSpaceful :: (String -> Bool) -> Token -> Bool
isSpaceful spacefulF x =
case x of
T_DollarExpansion _ _ -> True
T_Backticked _ _ -> True
T_Glob _ _ -> True
T_Extglob {} -> True
T_Literal _ s -> s `containsAny` globspace
T_SingleQuoted _ s -> s `containsAny` globspace
T_DollarBraced _ _ _ -> spacefulF $ getBracedReference $ bracedString x
T_NormalWord _ w -> isSpacefulWord spacefulF w
T_DoubleQuoted _ w -> isSpacefulWord spacefulF w
_ -> False
where
globspace = "*?[] \t\n"
containsAny s = any (`elem` s)
prop_CheckVariableBraces1 = verify checkVariableBraces "a='123'; echo $a"
prop_CheckVariableBraces2 = verifyNot checkVariableBraces "a='123'; echo ${a}"
prop_CheckVariableBraces3 = verifyNot checkVariableBraces "#shellcheck disable=SC2016\necho '$a'"
prop_CheckVariableBraces4 = verifyNot checkVariableBraces "echo $* $1"
checkVariableBraces params t =
case t of
T_DollarBraced id False _ ->
unless (name `elem` unbracedVariables) $
styleWithFix id 2250
"Prefer putting braces around variable references even when not strictly required."
(fixFor t)
_ -> return ()
where
name = getBracedReference $ bracedString t
fixFor token = fixWith [replaceStart (getId token) params 1 "${"
,replaceEnd (getId token) params 0 "}"]
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals1 = verifyTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param='--foo=\"bar\"'; app $param"
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals1a= verifyTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param=\"--foo='lolbar'\"; app $param"
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals2 = verifyNotTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param='--foo=\"bar\"'; app \"$param\""
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals3 =verifyNotTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param=('--foo='); app \"${param[@]}\""
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals4 = verifyNotTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param=\"don't bother with this one\"; app $param"
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals5 = verifyNotTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param=\"--foo='lolbar'\"; eval app $param"
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals6 = verifyTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param='my\\ file'; cmd=\"rm $param\"; $cmd"
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals6a= verifyNotTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param='my\\ file'; cmd=\"rm ${#param}\"; $cmd"
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals7 = verifyTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param='my\\ file'; rm $param"
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals8 = verifyTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param=\"/foo/'bar baz'/etc\"; rm $param"
prop_checkQuotesInLiterals9 = verifyNotTree checkQuotesInLiterals "param=\"/foo/'bar baz'/etc\"; rm ${#param}"
checkQuotesInLiterals params t =
doVariableFlowAnalysis readF writeF Map.empty (variableFlow params)
where
getQuotes name = fmap (Map.lookup name) get
setQuotes name ref = modify $ Map.insert name ref
deleteQuotes = modify . Map.delete
parents = parentMap params
quoteRegex = mkRegex "\"|([/= ]|^)'|'( |$)|\\\\ "
containsQuotes s = s `matches` quoteRegex
writeF _ _ name (DataString (SourceFrom values)) = do
quoteMap <- get
let quotedVars = msum $ map (forToken quoteMap) values
case quotedVars of
Nothing -> deleteQuotes name
Just x -> setQuotes name x
return []
writeF _ _ _ _ = return []
forToken map (T_DollarBraced id _ t) =
Map.lookup (concat . oversimplify $ t) map
forToken quoteMap (T_DoubleQuoted id tokens) =
msum $ map (forToken quoteMap) tokens
forToken quoteMap (T_NormalWord id tokens) =
msum $ map (forToken quoteMap) tokens
forToken _ t =
if containsQuotes (concat $ oversimplify t)
then return $ getId t
else Nothing
squashesQuotes t =
case t of
T_DollarBraced id _ _ -> "#" `isPrefixOf` bracedString t
_ -> False
readF _ expr name = do
assignment <- getQuotes name
return
(if isJust assignment
&& not (isParamTo parents "eval" expr)
&& not (isQuoteFree parents expr)
&& not (squashesQuotes expr)
then [
makeComment WarningC (fromJust assignment) 2089 $
"Quotes/backslashes will be treated literally. " ++ suggestion,
makeComment WarningC (getId expr) 2090
"Quotes/backslashes in this variable will not be respected."
]
else [])
suggestion =
if supportsArrays (shellType params)
then "Use an array."
else "Rewrite using set/\"$@\" or functions."
prop_checkFunctionsUsedExternally1 =
verifyTree checkFunctionsUsedExternally "foo() { :; }; sudo foo"
prop_checkFunctionsUsedExternally2 =
verifyTree checkFunctionsUsedExternally "alias f='a'; xargs -0 f"
prop_checkFunctionsUsedExternally2b=
verifyNotTree checkFunctionsUsedExternally "alias f='a'; find . -type f"
prop_checkFunctionsUsedExternally2c=
verifyTree checkFunctionsUsedExternally "alias f='a'; find . -type f -exec f +"
prop_checkFunctionsUsedExternally3 =
verifyNotTree checkFunctionsUsedExternally "f() { :; }; echo f"
prop_checkFunctionsUsedExternally4 =
verifyNotTree checkFunctionsUsedExternally "foo() { :; }; sudo \"foo\""
prop_checkFunctionsUsedExternally5 =
verifyTree checkFunctionsUsedExternally "foo() { :; }; ssh host foo"
prop_checkFunctionsUsedExternally6 =
verifyNotTree checkFunctionsUsedExternally "foo() { :; }; ssh host echo foo"
prop_checkFunctionsUsedExternally7 =
verifyNotTree checkFunctionsUsedExternally "install() { :; }; sudo apt-get install foo"
checkFunctionsUsedExternally params t =
runNodeAnalysis checkCommand params t
where
checkCommand _ t@(T_SimpleCommand _ _ (cmd:args)) =
case getCommandBasename t of
Just name -> do
let argStrings = map (\x -> (fromMaybe "" $ getLiteralString x, x)) args
let candidates = getPotentialCommands name argStrings
mapM_ (checkArg name) candidates
_ -> return ()
checkCommand _ _ = return ()
getPotentialCommands name argAndString =
case name of
"chroot" -> firstNonFlag
"screen" -> firstNonFlag
"sudo" -> firstNonFlag
"xargs" -> firstNonFlag
"tmux" -> firstNonFlag
"ssh" -> take 1 $ drop 1 $ dropFlags argAndString
"find" -> take 1 $ drop 1 $
dropWhile (\x -> fst x `notElem` findExecFlags) argAndString
_ -> []
where
firstNonFlag = take 1 $ dropFlags argAndString
findExecFlags = ["-exec", "-execdir", "-ok"]
dropFlags = dropWhile (\x -> "-" `isPrefixOf` fst x)
analyse f t = execState (doAnalysis f t) []
functions = Map.fromList $ analyse findFunctions t
findFunctions (T_Function id _ _ name _) = modify ((name, id):)
findFunctions t@(T_SimpleCommand id _ (_:args))
| t `isUnqualifiedCommand` "alias" = mapM_ getAlias args
findFunctions _ = return ()
getAlias arg =
let string = onlyLiteralString arg
in when ('=' `elem` string) $
modify ((takeWhile (/= '=') string, getId arg):)
checkArg cmd (_, arg) = potentially $ do
literalArg <- getUnquotedLiteral arg
definitionId <- Map.lookup literalArg functions
return $ do
warn (getId arg) 2033
"Shell functions can't be passed to external commands."
info definitionId 2032 $
"Use own script or sh -c '..' to run this from " ++ cmd ++ "."
prop_checkUnused0 = verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "var=foo; echo $var"
prop_checkUnused1 = verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "var=foo; echo $bar"
prop_checkUnused2 = verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "var=foo; export var;"
prop_checkUnused3 = verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "for f in *; do echo '$f'; done"
prop_checkUnused4 = verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "local i=0"
prop_checkUnused5 = verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "read lol; echo $lol"
prop_checkUnused6 = verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "var=4; (( var++ ))"
prop_checkUnused7 = verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "var=2; $((var))"
prop_checkUnused8 = verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "var=2; var=3;"
prop_checkUnused9 = verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "read ''"
prop_checkUnused10= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "read -p 'test: '"
prop_checkUnused11= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "bar=5; export foo[$bar]=3"
prop_checkUnused12= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "read foo; echo ${!foo}"
prop_checkUnused13= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "x=(1); (( x[0] ))"
prop_checkUnused14= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "x=(1); n=0; echo ${x[n]}"
prop_checkUnused15= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "x=(1); n=0; (( x[n] ))"
prop_checkUnused16= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "foo=5; declare -x foo"
prop_checkUnused17= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "read -i 'foo' -e -p 'Input: ' bar; $bar;"
prop_checkUnused18= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "a=1; arr=( [$a]=42 ); echo \"${arr[@]}\""
prop_checkUnused19= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "a=1; let b=a+1; echo $b"
prop_checkUnused20= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "a=1; PS1='$a'"
prop_checkUnused21= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "a=1; trap 'echo $a' INT"
prop_checkUnused22= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "a=1; [ -v a ]"
prop_checkUnused23= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "a=1; [ -R a ]"
prop_checkUnused24= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "mapfile -C a b; echo ${b[@]}"
prop_checkUnused25= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "readarray foo; echo ${foo[@]}"
prop_checkUnused26= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "declare -F foo"
prop_checkUnused27= verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "var=3; [ var -eq 3 ]"
prop_checkUnused28= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "var=3; [[ var -eq 3 ]]"
prop_checkUnused29= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "var=(a b); declare -p var"
prop_checkUnused30= verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "let a=1"
prop_checkUnused31= verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "let 'a=1'"
prop_checkUnused32= verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "let a=b=c; echo $a"
prop_checkUnused33= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "a=foo; [[ foo =~ ^{$a}$ ]]"
prop_checkUnused34= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "foo=1; (( t = foo )); echo $t"
prop_checkUnused35= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "a=foo; b=2; echo ${a:b}"
prop_checkUnused36= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "if [[ -v foo ]]; then true; fi"
prop_checkUnused37= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "fd=2; exec {fd}>&-"
prop_checkUnused38= verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "(( a=42 ))"
prop_checkUnused39= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "declare -x -f foo"
prop_checkUnused40= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "arr=(1 2); num=2; echo \"${arr[@]:num}\""
prop_checkUnused41= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "@test 'foo' {\ntrue\n}\n"
prop_checkUnused42= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "DEFINE_string foo '' ''; echo \"${FLAGS_foo}\""
prop_checkUnused43= verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "DEFINE_string foo '' ''"
prop_checkUnused44= verifyNotTree checkUnusedAssignments "DEFINE_string \"foo$ibar\" x y"
prop_checkUnused45= verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "readonly foo=bar"
prop_checkUnused46= verifyTree checkUnusedAssignments "readonly foo=(bar)"
checkUnusedAssignments params t = execWriter (mapM_ warnFor unused)
where
flow = variableFlow params
references = foldl (flip ($)) defaultMap (map insertRef flow)
insertRef (Reference (base, token, name)) =
Map.insert (stripSuffix name) ()
insertRef _ = id
assignments = foldl (flip ($)) Map.empty (map insertAssignment flow)
insertAssignment (Assignment (_, token, name, _)) | isVariableName name =
Map.insert name token
insertAssignment _ = id
unused = Map.assocs $ Map.difference assignments references
warnFor (name, token) =
warn (getId token) 2034 $
name ++ " appears unused. Verify use (or export if used externally)."
stripSuffix = takeWhile isVariableChar
defaultMap = Map.fromList $ zip internalVariables $ repeat ()
prop_checkUnassignedReferences1 = verifyTree checkUnassignedReferences "echo $foo"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences2 = verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "foo=hello; echo $foo"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences3 = verifyTree checkUnassignedReferences "MY_VALUE=3; echo $MYVALUE"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences4 = verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "RANDOM2=foo; echo $RANDOM"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences5 = verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "declare -A foo=([bar]=baz); echo ${foo[bar]}"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences6 = verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "foo=..; echo ${foo-bar}"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences7 = verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "getopts ':h' foo; echo $foo"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences8 = verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "let 'foo = 1'; echo $foo"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences9 = verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "echo ${foo-bar}"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences10= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "echo ${foo:?}"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences11= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "declare -A foo; echo \"${foo[@]}\""
prop_checkUnassignedReferences12= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "typeset -a foo; echo \"${foo[@]}\""
prop_checkUnassignedReferences13= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "f() { local foo; echo $foo; }"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences14= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "foo=; echo $foo"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences15= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "f() { true; }; export -f f"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences16= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "declare -A foo=( [a b]=bar ); echo ${foo[a b]}"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences17= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "USERS=foo; echo $USER"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences18= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "FOOBAR=42; export FOOBAR="
prop_checkUnassignedReferences19= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "readonly foo=bar; echo $foo"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences20= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "printf -v foo bar; echo $foo"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences21= verifyTree checkUnassignedReferences "echo ${#foo}"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences22= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "echo ${!os*}"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences23= verifyTree checkUnassignedReferences "declare -a foo; foo[bar]=42;"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences24= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "declare -A foo; foo[bar]=42;"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences25= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "declare -A foo=(); foo[bar]=42;"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences26= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "a::b() { foo; }; readonly -f a::b"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences27= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences ": ${foo:=bar}"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences28= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "#!/bin/ksh\necho \"${.sh.version}\"\n"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences29= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "if [[ -v foo ]]; then echo $foo; fi"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences30= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "if [[ -v foo[3] ]]; then echo ${foo[3]}; fi"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences31= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "X=1; if [[ -v foo[$X+42] ]]; then echo ${foo[$X+42]}; fi"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences32= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "if [[ -v \"foo[1]\" ]]; then echo ${foo[@]}; fi"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences33= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "f() { local -A foo; echo \"${foo[@]}\"; }"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences34= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "declare -A foo; (( foo[bar] ))"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences35= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "echo ${arr[foo-bar]:?fail}"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences36= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "read -a foo -r <<<\"foo bar\"; echo \"$foo\""
prop_checkUnassignedReferences37= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "var=howdy; printf -v 'array[0]' %s \"$var\"; printf %s \"${array[0]}\";"
prop_checkUnassignedReferences38= verifyTree (checkUnassignedReferences' True) "echo $VAR"
checkUnassignedReferences = checkUnassignedReferences' False
checkUnassignedReferences' includeGlobals params t = warnings
where
(readMap, writeMap) = execState (mapM tally $ variableFlow params) (Map.empty, Map.empty)
defaultAssigned = Map.fromList $ map (\a -> (a, ())) $ filter (not . null) internalVariables
tally (Assignment (_, _, name, _)) =
modify (\(read, written) -> (read, Map.insert name () written))
tally (Reference (_, place, name)) =
modify (\(read, written) -> (Map.insertWith (const id) name place read, written))
tally _ = return ()
unassigned = Map.toList $ Map.difference (Map.difference readMap writeMap) defaultAssigned
writtenVars = filter isVariableName $ Map.keys writeMap
getBestMatch var = do
(match, score) <- listToMaybe best
guard $ goodMatch var match score
return match
where
matches = map (\x -> (x, match var x)) writtenVars
best = sortBy (comparing snd) matches
goodMatch var match score =
let l = length match in
l > 3 && score <= 1
|| l > 7 && score <= 2
isLocal = any isLower
warningForGlobals var place = do
match <- getBestMatch var
return $ warn (getId place) 2153 $
"Possible misspelling: " ++ var ++ " may not be assigned, but " ++ match ++ " is."
warningForLocals var place =
return $ warn (getId place) 2154 $
var ++ " is referenced but not assigned" ++ optionalTip ++ "."
where
optionalTip =
if var `elem` commonCommands
then " (for output from commands, use \"$(" ++ var ++ " ..." ++ ")\" )"
else fromMaybe "" $ do
match <- getBestMatch var
return $ " (did you mean '" ++ match ++ "'?)"
warningFor var place = do
guard $ isVariableName var
guard . not $ isInArray var place || isGuarded place
(if includeGlobals || isLocal var
then warningForLocals
else warningForGlobals) var place
warnings = execWriter . sequence $ mapMaybe (uncurry warningFor) unassigned
isInArray var t = any isArray $ getPath (parentMap params) t
where
isArray T_Array {} = True
isArray b@(T_DollarBraced _ _ _) | var /= getBracedReference (bracedString b) = True
isArray _ = False
isGuarded (T_DollarBraced _ _ v) =
rest `matches` guardRegex
where
name = concat $ oversimplify v
rest = dropWhile isVariableChar $ dropWhile (`elem` "#!") name
isGuarded _ = False
guardRegex = mkRegex "^(\\[.*\\])?:?[-?]"
match var candidate =
if var /= candidate && map toLower var == map toLower candidate
then 1
else dist var candidate
prop_checkGlobsAsOptions1 = verify checkGlobsAsOptions "rm *.txt"
prop_checkGlobsAsOptions2 = verify checkGlobsAsOptions "ls ??.*"
prop_checkGlobsAsOptions3 = verifyNot checkGlobsAsOptions "rm -- *.txt"
prop_checkGlobsAsOptions4 = verifyNot checkGlobsAsOptions "*.txt"
checkGlobsAsOptions _ (T_SimpleCommand _ _ args) =
mapM_ check $ takeWhile (not . isEndOfArgs) (drop 1 args)
where
check v@(T_NormalWord _ (T_Glob id s:_)) | s == "*" || s == "?" =
info id 2035 "Use ./*glob* or -- *glob* so names with dashes won't become options."
check _ = return ()
isEndOfArgs t =
case concat $ oversimplify t of
"--" -> True
":::" -> True
"::::" -> True
_ -> False
checkGlobsAsOptions _ _ = return ()
prop_checkWhileReadPitfalls1 = verify checkWhileReadPitfalls "while read foo; do ssh $foo uptime; done < file"
prop_checkWhileReadPitfalls2 = verifyNot checkWhileReadPitfalls "while read -u 3 foo; do ssh $foo uptime; done 3< file"
prop_checkWhileReadPitfalls3 = verifyNot checkWhileReadPitfalls "while true; do ssh host uptime; done"
prop_checkWhileReadPitfalls4 = verifyNot checkWhileReadPitfalls "while read foo; do ssh $foo hostname < /dev/null; done"
prop_checkWhileReadPitfalls5 = verifyNot checkWhileReadPitfalls "while read foo; do echo ls | ssh $foo; done"
prop_checkWhileReadPitfalls6 = verifyNot checkWhileReadPitfalls "while read foo <&3; do ssh $foo; done 3< foo"
prop_checkWhileReadPitfalls7 = verify checkWhileReadPitfalls "while read foo; do if true; then ssh $foo uptime; fi; done < file"
prop_checkWhileReadPitfalls8 = verifyNot checkWhileReadPitfalls "while read foo; do ssh -n $foo uptime; done < file"
checkWhileReadPitfalls _ (T_WhileExpression id [command] contents)
| isStdinReadCommand command =
mapM_ checkMuncher contents
where
munchers = [ "ssh", "ffmpeg", "mplayer", "HandBrakeCLI" ]
preventionFlags = ["n", "noconsolecontrols" ]
isStdinReadCommand (T_Pipeline _ _ [T_Redirecting id redirs cmd]) =
let plaintext = oversimplify cmd
in head (plaintext ++ [""]) == "read"
&& ("-u" `notElem` plaintext)
&& all (not . stdinRedirect) redirs
isStdinReadCommand _ = False
checkMuncher (T_Pipeline _ _ (T_Redirecting _ redirs cmd:_)) | not $ any stdinRedirect redirs =
case cmd of
(T_IfExpression _ thens elses) ->
mapM_ checkMuncher . concat $ map fst thens ++ map snd thens ++ [elses]
_ -> potentially $ do
name <- getCommandBasename cmd
guard $ name `elem` munchers
let flags = getAllFlags cmd
guard . not $ any (`elem` preventionFlags) $ map snd flags
return $ do
info id 2095 $
name ++ " may swallow stdin, preventing this loop from working properly."
warn (getId cmd) 2095 $
"Add < /dev/null to prevent " ++ name ++ " from swallowing stdin."
checkMuncher _ = return ()
stdinRedirect (T_FdRedirect _ fd _)
| fd == "" || fd == "0" = True
stdinRedirect _ = False
checkWhileReadPitfalls _ _ = return ()
prop_checkPrefixAssign1 = verify checkPrefixAssignmentReference "var=foo echo $var"
prop_checkPrefixAssign2 = verifyNot checkPrefixAssignmentReference "var=$(echo $var) cmd"
checkPrefixAssignmentReference params t@(T_DollarBraced id _ value) =
check path
where
name = getBracedReference $ bracedString t
path = getPath (parentMap params) t
idPath = map getId path
check [] = return ()
check (t:rest) =
case t of
T_SimpleCommand _ vars (_:_) -> mapM_ checkVar vars
_ -> check rest
checkVar (T_Assignment aId mode aName [] value) |
aName == name && (aId `notElem` idPath) = do
warn aId 2097 "This assignment is only seen by the forked process."
warn id 2098 "This expansion will not see the mentioned assignment."
checkVar _ = return ()
checkPrefixAssignmentReference _ _ = return ()
prop_checkCharRangeGlob1 = verify checkCharRangeGlob "ls *[:digit:].jpg"
prop_checkCharRangeGlob2 = verifyNot checkCharRangeGlob "ls *[[:digit:]].jpg"
prop_checkCharRangeGlob3 = verify checkCharRangeGlob "ls [10-15]"
prop_checkCharRangeGlob4 = verifyNot checkCharRangeGlob "ls [a-zA-Z]"
prop_checkCharRangeGlob5 = verifyNot checkCharRangeGlob "tr -d [a-zA-Z]"
checkCharRangeGlob p t@(T_Glob id str) |
isCharClass str && not (isParamTo (parentMap p) "tr" t) =
if ":" `isPrefixOf` contents
&& ":" `isSuffixOf` contents
&& contents /= ":"
then warn id 2101 "Named class needs outer [], e.g. [[:digit:]]."
else
when ('[' `notElem` contents && hasDupes) $
info id 2102 "Ranges can only match single chars (mentioned due to duplicates)."
where
isCharClass str = "[" `isPrefixOf` str && "]" `isSuffixOf` str
contents = drop 1 . take (length str - 1) $ str
hasDupes = any (>1) . map length . group . sort . filter (/= '-') $ contents
checkCharRangeGlob _ _ = return ()
prop_checkCdAndBack1 = verify checkCdAndBack "for f in *; do cd $f; git pull; cd ..; done"
prop_checkCdAndBack2 = verifyNot checkCdAndBack "for f in *; do cd $f || continue; git pull; cd ..; done"
prop_checkCdAndBack3 = verifyNot checkCdAndBack "while [[ $PWD != / ]]; do cd ..; done"
prop_checkCdAndBack4 = verify checkCdAndBack "cd $tmp; foo; cd -"
prop_checkCdAndBack5 = verifyNot checkCdAndBack "cd ..; foo; cd .."
prop_checkCdAndBack6 = verify checkCdAndBack "for dir in */; do cd \"$dir\"; some_cmd; cd ..; done"
prop_checkCdAndBack7 = verifyNot checkCdAndBack "set -e; for dir in */; do cd \"$dir\"; some_cmd; cd ..; done"
prop_checkCdAndBack8 = verifyNot checkCdAndBack "cd tmp\nfoo\n# shellcheck disable=SC2103\ncd ..\n"
checkCdAndBack params t =
unless (hasSetE params) $ mapM_ doList $ getCommandSequences t
where
isCdRevert t =
case oversimplify t of
[_, p] -> p `elem` ["..", "-"]
_ -> False
getCandidate (T_Annotation _ _ x) = getCandidate x
getCandidate (T_Pipeline id _ [x]) | x `isCommand` "cd" = return x
getCandidate _ = Nothing
findCdPair list =
case list of
(a:b:rest) ->
if isCdRevert b && not (isCdRevert a)
then return $ getId b
else findCdPair (b:rest)
_ -> Nothing
doList list = potentially $ do
cd <- findCdPair $ mapMaybe getCandidate list
return $ info cd 2103 "Use a ( subshell ) to avoid having to cd back."
prop_checkLoopKeywordScope1 = verify checkLoopKeywordScope "continue 2"
prop_checkLoopKeywordScope2 = verify checkLoopKeywordScope "for f; do ( break; ); done"
prop_checkLoopKeywordScope3 = verify checkLoopKeywordScope "if true; then continue; fi"
prop_checkLoopKeywordScope4 = verifyNot checkLoopKeywordScope "while true; do break; done"
prop_checkLoopKeywordScope5 = verify checkLoopKeywordScope "if true; then break; fi"
prop_checkLoopKeywordScope6 = verify checkLoopKeywordScope "while true; do true | { break; }; done"
prop_checkLoopKeywordScope7 = verifyNot checkLoopKeywordScope "#!/bin/ksh\nwhile true; do true | { break; }; done"
checkLoopKeywordScope params t |
name `elem` map Just ["continue", "break"] =
if not $ any isLoop path
then if any isFunction $ take 1 path
then err (getId t) 2104 $ "In functions, use return instead of " ++ fromJust name ++ "."
else err (getId t) 2105 $ fromJust name ++ " is only valid in loops."
else case map subshellType $ filter (not . isFunction) path of
Just str:_ -> warn (getId t) 2106 $
"This only exits the subshell caused by the " ++ str ++ "."
_ -> return ()
where
name = getCommandName t
path = let p = getPath (parentMap params) t in filter relevant p
subshellType t = case leadType params t of
NoneScope -> Nothing
SubshellScope str -> return str
relevant t = isLoop t || isFunction t || isJust (subshellType t)
checkLoopKeywordScope _ _ = return ()
prop_checkFunctionDeclarations1 = verify checkFunctionDeclarations "#!/bin/ksh\nfunction foo() { command foo --lol \"$@\"; }"
prop_checkFunctionDeclarations2 = verify checkFunctionDeclarations "#!/bin/dash\nfunction foo { lol; }"
prop_checkFunctionDeclarations3 = verifyNot checkFunctionDeclarations "foo() { echo bar; }"
checkFunctionDeclarations params
(T_Function id (FunctionKeyword hasKeyword) (FunctionParentheses hasParens) _ _) =
case shellType params of
Bash -> return ()
Ksh ->
when (hasKeyword && hasParens) $
err id 2111 "ksh does not allow 'function' keyword and '()' at the same time."
Dash -> forSh
Sh -> forSh
where
forSh = do
when (hasKeyword && hasParens) $
warn id 2112 "'function' keyword is non-standard. Delete it."
when (hasKeyword && not hasParens) $
warn id 2113 "'function' keyword is non-standard. Use 'foo()' instead of 'function foo'."
checkFunctionDeclarations _ _ = return ()
prop_checkStderrPipe1 = verify checkStderrPipe "#!/bin/ksh\nfoo |& bar"
prop_checkStderrPipe2 = verifyNot checkStderrPipe "#!/bin/bash\nfoo |& bar"
checkStderrPipe params =
case shellType params of
Ksh -> match
_ -> const $ return ()
where
match (T_Pipe id "|&") =
err id 2118 "Ksh does not support |&. Use 2>&1 |."
match _ = return ()
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions1 = verifyTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo $1; }; foo"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions2 = verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo $1; };"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions3 = verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo $lol; }; foo"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions4 = verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo $0; }; foo"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions5 = verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo $1; }; foo 'lol'; foo"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions6 = verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { set -- *; echo $1; }; foo"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions7 = verifyTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo $1; }; foo; foo;"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions8 = verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo $((1)); }; foo;"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions9 = verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo $(($b)); }; foo;"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions10= verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo $!; }; foo;"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions11= verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { bar() { echo $1; }; bar baz; }; foo;"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions12= verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "foo() { echo ${!var*}; }; foo;"
prop_checkUnpassedInFunctions13= verifyNotTree checkUnpassedInFunctions "# shellcheck disable=SC2120\nfoo() { echo $1; }\nfoo\n"
checkUnpassedInFunctions params root =
execWriter $ mapM_ warnForGroup referenceGroups
where
functionMap :: Map.Map String Token
functionMap = Map.fromList $
map (\t@(T_Function _ _ _ name _) -> (name,t)) functions
functions = execWriter $ doAnalysis (tell . maybeToList . findFunction) root
findFunction t@(T_Function id _ _ name body) =
let flow = getVariableFlow params body
in
if any (isPositionalReference t) flow && not (any isPositionalAssignment flow)
then return t
else Nothing
findFunction _ = Nothing
isPositionalAssignment x =
case x of
Assignment (_, _, str, _) -> isPositional str
_ -> False
isPositionalReference function x =
case x of
Reference (_, t, str) -> isPositional str && t `isDirectChildOf` function
_ -> False
isDirectChildOf child parent = fromMaybe False $ do
function <- find (\x -> case x of
T_Function {} -> True
T_Script {} -> True
_ -> False) $
getPath (parentMap params) child
return $ getId parent == getId function
referenceList :: [(String, Bool, Token)]
referenceList = execWriter $
doAnalysis (fromMaybe (return ()) . checkCommand) root
checkCommand :: Token -> Maybe (Writer [(String, Bool, Token)] ())
checkCommand t@(T_SimpleCommand _ _ (cmd:args)) = do
str <- getLiteralString cmd
guard $ Map.member str functionMap
return $ tell [(str, null args, t)]
checkCommand _ = Nothing
isPositional str = str == "*" || str == "@"
|| (all isDigit str && str /= "0" && str /= "")
isArgumentless (_, b, _) = b
referenceGroups = Map.elems $ foldr updateWith Map.empty referenceList
updateWith x@(name, _, _) = Map.insertWith (++) name [x]
warnForGroup group =
when (all isArgumentless group) $
let (name, func) = getFunction group
ignoring = shouldIgnoreCode params 2120 func
in unless ignoring $ do
mapM_ suggestParams group
warnForDeclaration func name
suggestParams (name, _, thing) =
info (getId thing) 2119 $
"Use " ++ name ++ " \"$@\" if function's $1 should mean script's $1."
warnForDeclaration func name =
warn (getId func) 2120 $
name ++ " references arguments, but none are ever passed."
getFunction ((name, _, _):_) =
(name, fromJust $ Map.lookup name functionMap)
prop_checkOverridingPath1 = verify checkOverridingPath "PATH=\"$var/$foo\""
prop_checkOverridingPath2 = verify checkOverridingPath "PATH=\"mydir\""
prop_checkOverridingPath3 = verify checkOverridingPath "PATH=/cow/foo"
prop_checkOverridingPath4 = verifyNot checkOverridingPath "PATH=/cow/foo/bin"
prop_checkOverridingPath5 = verifyNot checkOverridingPath "PATH='/bin:/sbin'"
prop_checkOverridingPath6 = verifyNot checkOverridingPath "PATH=\"$var/$foo\" cmd"
prop_checkOverridingPath7 = verifyNot checkOverridingPath "PATH=$OLDPATH"
prop_checkOverridingPath8 = verifyNot checkOverridingPath "PATH=$PATH:/stuff"
checkOverridingPath _ (T_SimpleCommand _ vars []) =
mapM_ checkVar vars
where
checkVar (T_Assignment id Assign "PATH" [] word) =
let string = concat $ oversimplify word
in unless (any (`isInfixOf` string) ["/bin", "/sbin" ]) $ do
when ('/' `elem` string && ':' `notElem` string) $ notify id
when (isLiteral word && ':' `notElem` string && '/' `notElem` string) $ notify id
checkVar _ = return ()
notify id = warn id 2123 "PATH is the shell search path. Use another name."
checkOverridingPath _ _ = return ()
prop_checkTildeInPath1 = verify checkTildeInPath "PATH=\"$PATH:~/bin\""
prop_checkTildeInPath2 = verify checkTildeInPath "PATH='~foo/bin'"
prop_checkTildeInPath3 = verifyNot checkTildeInPath "PATH=~/bin"
checkTildeInPath _ (T_SimpleCommand _ vars _) =
mapM_ checkVar vars
where
checkVar (T_Assignment id Assign "PATH" [] (T_NormalWord _ parts)) =
when (any (\x -> isQuoted x && hasTilde x) parts) $
warn id 2147 "Literal tilde in PATH works poorly across programs."
checkVar _ = return ()
hasTilde t = fromMaybe False (liftM2 elem (return '~') (getLiteralStringExt (const $ return "") t))
isQuoted T_DoubleQuoted {} = True
isQuoted T_SingleQuoted {} = True
isQuoted _ = False
checkTildeInPath _ _ = return ()
prop_checkUnsupported3 = verify checkUnsupported "#!/bin/sh\ncase foo in bar) baz ;& esac"
prop_checkUnsupported4 = verify checkUnsupported "#!/bin/ksh\ncase foo in bar) baz ;;& esac"
prop_checkUnsupported5 = verify checkUnsupported "#!/bin/bash\necho \"${ ls; }\""
checkUnsupported params t =
when (not (null support) && (shellType params `notElem` support)) $
report name
where
(name, support) = shellSupport t
report s = err (getId t) 2127 $
"To use " ++ s ++ ", specify #!/usr/bin/env " ++
(map toLower . intercalate " or " . map show $ support)
shellSupport t =
case t of
T_CaseExpression _ _ list -> forCase (map (\(a,_,_) -> a) list)
T_DollarBraceCommandExpansion {} -> ("${ ..; } command expansion", [Ksh])
_ -> ("", [])
where
forCase seps | CaseContinue `elem` seps = ("cases with ;;&", [Bash])
forCase seps | CaseFallThrough `elem` seps = ("cases with ;&", [Bash, Ksh])
forCase _ = ("", [])
groupWith f = groupBy ((==) `on` f)
prop_checkMultipleAppends1 = verify checkMultipleAppends "foo >> file; bar >> file; baz >> file;"
prop_checkMultipleAppends2 = verify checkMultipleAppends "foo >> file; bar | grep f >> file; baz >> file;"
prop_checkMultipleAppends3 = verifyNot checkMultipleAppends "foo < file; bar < file; baz < file;"
checkMultipleAppends params t =
mapM_ checkList $ getCommandSequences t
where
checkList list =
mapM_ checkGroup (groupWith (fmap fst) $ map getTarget list)
checkGroup (f:_:_:_) | isJust f =
style (snd $ fromJust f) 2129
"Consider using { cmd1; cmd2; } >> file instead of individual redirects."
checkGroup _ = return ()
getTarget (T_Annotation _ _ t) = getTarget t
getTarget (T_Pipeline _ _ args@(_:_)) = getTarget (last args)
getTarget (T_Redirecting id list _) = do
file <- mapMaybe getAppend list !!! 0
return (file, id)
getTarget _ = Nothing
getAppend (T_FdRedirect _ _ (T_IoFile _ T_DGREAT {} f)) = return f
getAppend _ = Nothing
prop_checkSuspiciousIFS1 = verify checkSuspiciousIFS "IFS=\"\\n\""
prop_checkSuspiciousIFS2 = verifyNot checkSuspiciousIFS "IFS=$'\\t'"
checkSuspiciousIFS params (T_Assignment id Assign "IFS" [] value) =
potentially $ do
str <- getLiteralString value
return $ check str
where
n = if shellType params == Sh then "'<literal linefeed here>'" else "$'\\n'"
t = if shellType params == Sh then "\"$(printf '\\t')\"" else "$'\\t'"
check value =
case value of
"\\n" -> suggest n
"/n" -> suggest n
"\\t" -> suggest t
"/t" -> suggest t
_ -> return ()
suggest r = warn id 2141 $ "Did you mean IFS=" ++ r ++ " ?"
checkSuspiciousIFS _ _ = return ()
prop_checkGrepQ1= verify checkShouldUseGrepQ "[[ $(foo | grep bar) ]]"
prop_checkGrepQ2= verify checkShouldUseGrepQ "[ -z $(fgrep lol) ]"
prop_checkGrepQ3= verify checkShouldUseGrepQ "[ -n \"$(foo | zgrep lol)\" ]"
prop_checkGrepQ4= verifyNot checkShouldUseGrepQ "[ -z $(grep bar | cmd) ]"
prop_checkGrepQ5= verifyNot checkShouldUseGrepQ "rm $(ls | grep file)"
prop_checkGrepQ6= verifyNot checkShouldUseGrepQ "[[ -n $(pgrep foo) ]]"
checkShouldUseGrepQ params t =
potentially $ case t of
TC_Nullary id _ token -> check id True token
TC_Unary id _ "-n" token -> check id True token
TC_Unary id _ "-z" token -> check id False token
_ -> fail "not check"
where
check id bool token = do
name <- getFinalGrep token
let op = if bool then "-n" else "-z"
let flip = if bool then "" else "! "
return . style id 2143 $
"Use " ++ flip ++ name ++ " -q instead of " ++
"comparing output with [ " ++ op ++ " .. ]."
getFinalGrep t = do
cmds <- getPipeline t
guard . not . null $ cmds
name <- getCommandBasename $ last cmds
guard . isGrep $ name
return name
getPipeline t =
case t of
T_NormalWord _ [x] -> getPipeline x
T_DoubleQuoted _ [x] -> getPipeline x
T_DollarExpansion _ [x] -> getPipeline x
T_Pipeline _ _ cmds -> return cmds
_ -> fail "unknown"
isGrep = (`elem` ["grep", "egrep", "fgrep", "zgrep"])
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting1 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[ -e *.mp3 ]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting2 = verifyNot checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ $a == *b* ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting3 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ *.png == '' ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting4 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ foo == f{o,oo,ooo} ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting5 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ $@ ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting6 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[ -e $@ ]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting7 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[ $@ == $@ ]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting8 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ $@ = $@ ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting9 = verifyNot checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ foo =~ bar{1,2} ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting10 = verifyNot checkTestArgumentSplitting "[ \"$@\" ]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting11 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ \"$@\" ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting12 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[ *.png ]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting13 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[ \"$@\" == \"\" ]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting14 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ \"$@\" == \"\" ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting15 = verifyNot checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ \"$*\" == \"\" ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting16 = verifyNot checkTestArgumentSplitting "[[ -v foo[123] ]]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting17 = verifyNot checkTestArgumentSplitting "#!/bin/ksh\n[ -e foo* ]"
prop_checkTestArgumentSplitting18 = verify checkTestArgumentSplitting "#!/bin/ksh\n[ -d foo* ]"
checkTestArgumentSplitting :: Parameters -> Token -> Writer [TokenComment] ()
checkTestArgumentSplitting params t =
case t of
(TC_Unary _ typ op token) | isGlob token ->
if op == "-v"
then
when (typ == SingleBracket) $
err (getId token) 2208 $
"Use [[ ]] or quote arguments to -v to avoid glob expansion."
else
if (typ == SingleBracket && shellType params == Ksh)
then
when (op `elem` ['-':c:[] | c <- "bcdfgkprsuwxLhNOGRS" ]) $
warn (getId token) 2245 $
op ++ " only applies to the first expansion of this glob. Use a loop to check any/all."
else
err (getId token) 2144 $
op ++ " doesn't work with globs. Use a for loop."
(TC_Nullary _ typ token) -> do
checkBraces typ token
checkGlobs typ token
when (typ == DoubleBracket) $
checkArrays typ token
(TC_Unary _ typ op token) -> checkAll typ token
(TC_Binary _ typ op lhs rhs) ->
if op `elem` ["=", "==", "!=", "=~"]
then do
checkAll typ lhs
checkArrays typ rhs
checkBraces typ rhs
else mapM_ (checkAll typ) [lhs, rhs]
_ -> return ()
where
checkAll typ token = do
checkArrays typ token
checkBraces typ token
checkGlobs typ token
checkArrays typ token =
when (any isArrayExpansion $ getWordParts token) $
if typ == SingleBracket
then warn (getId token) 2198 "Arrays don't work as operands in [ ]. Use a loop (or concatenate with * instead of @)."
else err (getId token) 2199 "Arrays implicitly concatenate in [[ ]]. Use a loop (or explicit * instead of @)."
checkBraces typ token =
when (any isBraceExpansion $ getWordParts token) $
if typ == SingleBracket
then warn (getId token) 2200 "Brace expansions don't work as operands in [ ]. Use a loop."
else err (getId token) 2201 "Brace expansion doesn't happen in [[ ]]. Use a loop."
checkGlobs typ token =
when (isGlob token) $
if typ == SingleBracket
then warn (getId token) 2202 "Globs don't work as operands in [ ]. Use a loop."
else err (getId token) 2203 "Globs are ignored in [[ ]] except right of =/!=. Use a loop."
prop_checkMaskedReturns1 = verify checkMaskedReturns "f() { local a=$(false); }"
prop_checkMaskedReturns2 = verify checkMaskedReturns "declare a=$(false)"
prop_checkMaskedReturns3 = verify checkMaskedReturns "declare a=\"`false`\""
prop_checkMaskedReturns4 = verifyNot checkMaskedReturns "declare a; a=$(false)"
prop_checkMaskedReturns5 = verifyNot checkMaskedReturns "f() { local -r a=$(false); }"
checkMaskedReturns _ t@(T_SimpleCommand id _ (cmd:rest)) = potentially $ do
name <- getCommandName t
guard $ name `elem` ["declare", "export"]
|| name == "local" && "r" `notElem` map snd (getAllFlags t)
return $ mapM_ checkArgs rest
where
checkArgs (T_Assignment id _ _ _ word) | any hasReturn $ getWordParts word =
warn id 2155 "Declare and assign separately to avoid masking return values."
checkArgs _ = return ()
hasReturn t = case t of
T_Backticked {} -> True
T_DollarExpansion {} -> True
_ -> False
checkMaskedReturns _ _ = return ()
prop_checkReadWithoutR1 = verify checkReadWithoutR "read -a foo"
prop_checkReadWithoutR2 = verifyNot checkReadWithoutR "read -ar foo"
checkReadWithoutR _ t@T_SimpleCommand {} | t `isUnqualifiedCommand` "read" =
unless ("r" `elem` map snd (getAllFlags t)) $
info (getId $ getCommandTokenOrThis t) 2162 "read without -r will mangle backslashes."
checkReadWithoutR _ _ = return ()
prop_checkUncheckedCd1 = verifyTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "cd ~/src; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedCd2 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "cd ~/src || exit; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedCd3 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "set -e; cd ~/src; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedCd4 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "if cd foo; then rm foo; fi"
prop_checkUncheckedCd5 = verifyTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "if true; then cd foo; fi"
prop_checkUncheckedCd6 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "cd .."
prop_checkUncheckedCd7 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "#!/bin/bash -e\ncd foo\nrm bar"
prop_checkUncheckedCd8 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "set -o errexit; cd foo; rm bar"
prop_checkUncheckedCd9 = verifyTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "builtin cd ~/src; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedPushd1 = verifyTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "pushd ~/src; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedPushd2 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "pushd ~/src || exit; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedPushd3 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "set -e; pushd ~/src; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedPushd4 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "if pushd foo; then rm foo; fi"
prop_checkUncheckedPushd5 = verifyTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "if true; then pushd foo; fi"
prop_checkUncheckedPushd6 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "pushd .."
prop_checkUncheckedPushd7 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "#!/bin/bash -e\npushd foo\nrm bar"
prop_checkUncheckedPushd8 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "set -o errexit; pushd foo; rm bar"
prop_checkUncheckedPushd9 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "pushd -n foo"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd1 = verifyTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "popd; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd2 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "popd || exit; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd3 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "set -e; popd; rm -r foo"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd4 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "if popd; then rm foo; fi"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd5 = verifyTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "if true; then popd; fi"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd6 = verifyTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "popd"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd7 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "#!/bin/bash -e\npopd\nrm bar"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd8 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "set -o errexit; popd; rm bar"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd9 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "popd -n foo"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd10 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "cd ../.."
prop_checkUncheckedPopd11 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "cd ../.././.."
prop_checkUncheckedPopd12 = verifyNotTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "cd /"
prop_checkUncheckedPopd13 = verifyTree checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd "cd ../../.../.."
checkUncheckedCdPushdPopd params root =
if hasSetE params then
[]
else execWriter $ doAnalysis checkElement root
where
checkElement t@T_SimpleCommand {} = do
let name = getName t
when(name `elem` ["cd", "pushd", "popd"]
&& not (isSafeDir t)
&& not (name `elem` ["pushd", "popd"] && ("n" `elem` map snd (getAllFlags t)))
&& not (isCondition $ getPath (parentMap params) t)) $
warnWithFix (getId t) 2164
("Use '" ++ name ++ " ... || exit' or '" ++ name ++ " ... || return' in case " ++ name ++ " fails.")
(fixWith [replaceEnd (getId t) params 0 " || exit"])
checkElement _ = return ()
getName t = fromMaybe "" $ getCommandName t
isSafeDir t = case oversimplify t of
[_, str] -> str `matches` regex
_ -> False
regex = mkRegex "^/*((\\.|\\.\\.)/+)*(\\.|\\.\\.)?$"
prop_checkLoopVariableReassignment1 = verify checkLoopVariableReassignment "for i in *; do for i in *.bar; do true; done; done"
prop_checkLoopVariableReassignment2 = verify checkLoopVariableReassignment "for i in *; do for((i=0; i<3; i++)); do true; done; done"
prop_checkLoopVariableReassignment3 = verifyNot checkLoopVariableReassignment "for i in *; do for j in *.bar; do true; done; done"
checkLoopVariableReassignment params token =
potentially $ case token of
T_ForIn {} -> check
T_ForArithmetic {} -> check
_ -> Nothing
where
check = do
str <- loopVariable token
next <- listToMaybe $ filter (\x -> loopVariable x == Just str) path
return $ do
warn (getId token) 2165 "This nested loop overrides the index variable of its parent."
warn (getId next) 2167 "This parent loop has its index variable overridden."
path = drop 1 $ getPath (parentMap params) token
loopVariable :: Token -> Maybe String
loopVariable t =
case t of
T_ForIn _ s _ _ -> return s
T_ForArithmetic _
(TA_Sequence _
[TA_Assignment _ "="
(TA_Variable _ var _ ) _])
_ _ _ -> return var
_ -> fail "not loop"
prop_checkTrailingBracket1 = verify checkTrailingBracket "if -z n ]]; then true; fi "
prop_checkTrailingBracket2 = verifyNot checkTrailingBracket "if [[ -z n ]]; then true; fi "
prop_checkTrailingBracket3 = verify checkTrailingBracket "a || b ] && thing"
prop_checkTrailingBracket4 = verifyNot checkTrailingBracket "run [ foo ]"
prop_checkTrailingBracket5 = verifyNot checkTrailingBracket "run bar ']'"
checkTrailingBracket _ token =
case token of
T_SimpleCommand _ _ tokens@(_:_) -> check (last tokens) token
_ -> return ()
where
check t command =
case t of
T_NormalWord id [T_Literal _ str] -> potentially $ do
guard $ str `elem` [ "]]", "]" ]
let opposite = invert str
parameters = oversimplify command
guard $ opposite `notElem` parameters
return $ warn id 2171 $
"Found trailing " ++ str ++ " outside test. Add missing " ++ opposite ++ " or quote if intentional."
_ -> return ()
invert s =
case s of
"]]" -> "[["
"]" -> "["
x -> x
prop_checkReturnAgainstZero1 = verify checkReturnAgainstZero "[ $? -eq 0 ]"
prop_checkReturnAgainstZero2 = verify checkReturnAgainstZero "[[ \"$?\" -gt 0 ]]"
prop_checkReturnAgainstZero3 = verify checkReturnAgainstZero "[[ 0 -ne $? ]]"
prop_checkReturnAgainstZero4 = verifyNot checkReturnAgainstZero "[[ $? -eq 4 ]]"
prop_checkReturnAgainstZero5 = verify checkReturnAgainstZero "[[ 0 -eq $? ]]"
prop_checkReturnAgainstZero6 = verifyNot checkReturnAgainstZero "[[ $R -eq 0 ]]"
prop_checkReturnAgainstZero7 = verify checkReturnAgainstZero "(( $? == 0 ))"
prop_checkReturnAgainstZero8 = verify checkReturnAgainstZero "(( $? ))"
prop_checkReturnAgainstZero9 = verify checkReturnAgainstZero "(( ! $? ))"
checkReturnAgainstZero _ token =
case token of
TC_Binary id _ _ lhs rhs -> check lhs rhs
TA_Binary id _ lhs rhs -> check lhs rhs
TA_Unary id _ exp ->
when (isExitCode exp) $ message (getId exp)
TA_Sequence _ [exp] ->
when (isExitCode exp) $ message (getId exp)
_ -> return ()
where
check lhs rhs =
if isZero rhs && isExitCode lhs
then message (getId lhs)
else when (isZero lhs && isExitCode rhs) $ message (getId rhs)
isZero t = getLiteralString t == Just "0"
isExitCode t =
case getWordParts t of
[exp@T_DollarBraced {}] -> bracedString exp == "?"
_ -> False
message id = style id 2181 "Check exit code directly with e.g. 'if mycmd;', not indirectly with $?."
prop_checkRedirectedNowhere1 = verify checkRedirectedNowhere "> file"
prop_checkRedirectedNowhere2 = verify checkRedirectedNowhere "> file | grep foo"
prop_checkRedirectedNowhere3 = verify checkRedirectedNowhere "grep foo | > bar"
prop_checkRedirectedNowhere4 = verifyNot checkRedirectedNowhere "grep foo > bar"
prop_checkRedirectedNowhere5 = verifyNot checkRedirectedNowhere "foo | grep bar > baz"
prop_checkRedirectedNowhere6 = verifyNot checkRedirectedNowhere "var=$(value) 2> /dev/null"
prop_checkRedirectedNowhere7 = verifyNot checkRedirectedNowhere "var=$(< file)"
prop_checkRedirectedNowhere8 = verifyNot checkRedirectedNowhere "var=`< file`"
checkRedirectedNowhere params token =
case token of
T_Pipeline _ _ [single] -> potentially $ do
redir <- getDanglingRedirect single
guard . not $ isInExpansion token
return $ warn (getId redir) 2188 "This redirection doesn't have a command. Move to its command (or use 'true' as no-op)."
T_Pipeline _ _ list -> forM_ list $ \x -> potentially $ do
redir <- getDanglingRedirect x
return $ err (getId redir) 2189 "You can't have | between this redirection and the command it should apply to."
_ -> return ()
where
isInExpansion t =
case drop 1 $ getPath (parentMap params) t of
T_DollarExpansion _ [_] : _ -> True
T_Backticked _ [_] : _ -> True
t@T_Annotation {} : _ -> isInExpansion t
_ -> False
getDanglingRedirect token =
case token of
T_Redirecting _ (first:_) (T_SimpleCommand _ [] []) -> return first
_ -> Nothing
prop_checkArrayAssignmentIndices1 = verifyTree checkArrayAssignmentIndices "declare -A foo; foo=(bar)"
prop_checkArrayAssignmentIndices2 = verifyNotTree checkArrayAssignmentIndices "declare -a foo; foo=(bar)"
prop_checkArrayAssignmentIndices3 = verifyNotTree checkArrayAssignmentIndices "declare -A foo; foo=([i]=bar)"
prop_checkArrayAssignmentIndices4 = verifyTree checkArrayAssignmentIndices "typeset -A foo; foo+=(bar)"
prop_checkArrayAssignmentIndices5 = verifyTree checkArrayAssignmentIndices "arr=( [foo]= bar )"
prop_checkArrayAssignmentIndices6 = verifyTree checkArrayAssignmentIndices "arr=( [foo] = bar )"
prop_checkArrayAssignmentIndices7 = verifyTree checkArrayAssignmentIndices "arr=( var=value )"
prop_checkArrayAssignmentIndices8 = verifyNotTree checkArrayAssignmentIndices "arr=( [foo]=bar )"
prop_checkArrayAssignmentIndices9 = verifyNotTree checkArrayAssignmentIndices "arr=( [foo]=\"\" )"
checkArrayAssignmentIndices params root =
runNodeAnalysis check params root
where
assocs = getAssociativeArrays root
check _ t =
case t of
T_Assignment _ _ name [] (T_Array _ list) ->
let isAssoc = name `elem` assocs in
mapM_ (checkElement isAssoc) list
_ -> return ()
checkElement isAssociative t =
case t of
T_IndexedElement _ _ (T_Literal id "") ->
warn id 2192 "This array element has no value. Remove spaces after = or use \"\" for empty string."
T_IndexedElement {} ->
return ()
T_NormalWord _ parts ->
let literalEquals = do
part <- parts
(id, str) <- case part of
T_Literal id str -> [(id,str)]
_ -> []
guard $ '=' `elem` str
return $ warnWithFix id 2191 "The = here is literal. To assign by index, use ( [index]=value ) with no spaces. To keep as literal, quote it." (surroundWidth id params "\"")
in
if null literalEquals && isAssociative
then warn (getId t) 2190 "Elements in associative arrays need index, e.g. array=( [index]=value ) ."
else sequence_ literalEquals
_ -> return ()
prop_checkUnmatchableCases1 = verify checkUnmatchableCases "case foo in bar) true; esac"
prop_checkUnmatchableCases2 = verify checkUnmatchableCases "case foo-$bar in ??|*) true; esac"
prop_checkUnmatchableCases3 = verify checkUnmatchableCases "case foo in foo) true; esac"
prop_checkUnmatchableCases4 = verifyNot checkUnmatchableCases "case foo-$bar in foo*|*bar|*baz*) true; esac"
prop_checkUnmatchableCases5 = verify checkUnmatchableCases "case $f in *.txt) true;; f??.txt) false;; esac"
prop_checkUnmatchableCases6 = verifyNot checkUnmatchableCases "case $f in ?*) true;; *) false;; esac"
prop_checkUnmatchableCases7 = verifyNot checkUnmatchableCases "case $f in $(x)) true;; asdf) false;; esac"
prop_checkUnmatchableCases8 = verify checkUnmatchableCases "case $f in cow) true;; bar|cow) false;; esac"
prop_checkUnmatchableCases9 = verifyNot checkUnmatchableCases "case $f in x) true;;& x) false;; esac"
checkUnmatchableCases params t =
case t of
T_CaseExpression _ word list -> do
let allpatterns = concatMap snd3 list
let breakpatterns = concatMap snd3 $ filter (\x -> fst3 x == CaseBreak) list
if isConstant word
then warn (getId word) 2194
"This word is constant. Did you forget the $ on a variable?"
else potentially $ do
pg <- wordToPseudoGlob word
return $ mapM_ (check pg) allpatterns
let exactGlobs = tupMap wordToExactPseudoGlob breakpatterns
let fuzzyGlobs = tupMap wordToPseudoGlob breakpatterns
let dominators = zip exactGlobs (tails $ drop 1 fuzzyGlobs)
mapM_ checkDoms dominators
_ -> return ()
where
fst3 (x,_,_) = x
snd3 (_,x,_) = x
tp = tokenPositions params
check target candidate = potentially $ do
candidateGlob <- wordToPseudoGlob candidate
guard . not $ pseudoGlobsCanOverlap target candidateGlob
return $ warn (getId candidate) 2195
"This pattern will never match the case statement's word. Double check them."
tupMap f l = zip l (map f l)
checkDoms ((glob, Just x), rest) =
case filter (\(_, p) -> x `pseudoGlobIsSuperSetof` p) valids of
((first,_):_) -> do
warn (getId glob) 2221 $ "This pattern always overrides a later one" <> patternContext (getId first)
warn (getId first) 2222 $ "This pattern never matches because of a previous pattern" <> patternContext (getId glob)
_ -> return ()
where
patternContext :: Id -> String
patternContext id =
case posLine . fst <$> Map.lookup id tp of
Just l -> " on line " <> show l <> "."
_ -> "."
valids = concatMap f rest
f (x, Just y) = [(x,y)]
f _ = []
checkDoms _ = return ()
prop_checkSubshellAsTest1 = verify checkSubshellAsTest "( -e file )"
prop_checkSubshellAsTest2 = verify checkSubshellAsTest "( 1 -gt 2 )"
prop_checkSubshellAsTest3 = verifyNot checkSubshellAsTest "( grep -c foo bar )"
prop_checkSubshellAsTest4 = verifyNot checkSubshellAsTest "[ 1 -gt 2 ]"
prop_checkSubshellAsTest5 = verify checkSubshellAsTest "( -e file && -x file )"
prop_checkSubshellAsTest6 = verify checkSubshellAsTest "( -e file || -x file && -t 1 )"
prop_checkSubshellAsTest7 = verify checkSubshellAsTest "( ! -d file )"
checkSubshellAsTest _ t =
case t of
T_Subshell id [w] -> check id w
_ -> return ()
where
check id t = case t of
(T_Banged _ w) -> check id w
(T_AndIf _ w _) -> check id w
(T_OrIf _ w _) -> check id w
(T_Pipeline _ _ [T_Redirecting _ _ (T_SimpleCommand _ [] (first:second:_))]) ->
checkParams id first second
_ -> return ()
checkParams id first second = do
when (fromMaybe False $ (`elem` unaryTestOps) <$> getLiteralString first) $
err id 2204 "(..) is a subshell. Did you mean [ .. ], a test expression?"
when (fromMaybe False $ (`elem` binaryTestOps) <$> getLiteralString second) $
warn id 2205 "(..) is a subshell. Did you mean [ .. ], a test expression?"
prop_checkSplittingInArrays1 = verify checkSplittingInArrays "a=( $var )"
prop_checkSplittingInArrays2 = verify checkSplittingInArrays "a=( $(cmd) )"
prop_checkSplittingInArrays3 = verifyNot checkSplittingInArrays "a=( \"$var\" )"
prop_checkSplittingInArrays4 = verifyNot checkSplittingInArrays "a=( \"$(cmd)\" )"
prop_checkSplittingInArrays5 = verifyNot checkSplittingInArrays "a=( $! $$ $# )"
prop_checkSplittingInArrays6 = verifyNot checkSplittingInArrays "a=( ${#arr[@]} )"
prop_checkSplittingInArrays7 = verifyNot checkSplittingInArrays "a=( foo{1,2} )"
prop_checkSplittingInArrays8 = verifyNot checkSplittingInArrays "a=( * )"
checkSplittingInArrays params t =
case t of
T_Array _ elements -> mapM_ check elements
_ -> return ()
where
check word = case word of
T_NormalWord _ parts -> mapM_ checkPart parts
_ -> return ()
checkPart part = case part of
T_DollarExpansion id _ -> forCommand id
T_DollarBraceCommandExpansion id _ -> forCommand id
T_Backticked id _ -> forCommand id
T_DollarBraced id _ str |
not (isCountingReference part)
&& not (isQuotedAlternativeReference part)
&& not (getBracedReference (bracedString part) `elem` variablesWithoutSpaces)
-> warn id 2206 $
if shellType params == Ksh
then "Quote to prevent word splitting/globbing, or split robustly with read -A or while read."
else "Quote to prevent word splitting/globbing, or split robustly with mapfile or read -a."
_ -> return ()
forCommand id =
warn id 2207 $
if shellType params == Ksh
then "Prefer read -A or while read to split command output (or quote to avoid splitting)."
else "Prefer mapfile or read -a to split command output (or quote to avoid splitting)."
prop_checkRedirectionToNumber1 = verify checkRedirectionToNumber "( 1 > 2 )"
prop_checkRedirectionToNumber2 = verify checkRedirectionToNumber "foo 1>2"
prop_checkRedirectionToNumber3 = verifyNot checkRedirectionToNumber "echo foo > '2'"
prop_checkRedirectionToNumber4 = verifyNot checkRedirectionToNumber "foo 1>&2"
checkRedirectionToNumber _ t = case t of
T_IoFile id _ word -> potentially $ do
file <- getUnquotedLiteral word
guard $ all isDigit file
return $ warn id 2210 "This is a file redirection. Was it supposed to be a comparison or fd operation?"
_ -> return ()
prop_checkGlobAsCommand1 = verify checkGlobAsCommand "foo*"
prop_checkGlobAsCommand2 = verify checkGlobAsCommand "$(var[i])"
prop_checkGlobAsCommand3 = verifyNot checkGlobAsCommand "echo foo*"
checkGlobAsCommand _ t = case t of
T_SimpleCommand _ _ (first:_) ->
when (isGlob first) $
warn (getId first) 2211 "This is a glob used as a command name. Was it supposed to be in ${..}, array, or is it missing quoting?"
_ -> return ()
prop_checkFlagAsCommand1 = verify checkFlagAsCommand "-e file"
prop_checkFlagAsCommand2 = verify checkFlagAsCommand "foo\n --bar=baz"
prop_checkFlagAsCommand3 = verifyNot checkFlagAsCommand "'--myexec--' args"
prop_checkFlagAsCommand4 = verifyNot checkFlagAsCommand "var=cmd --arg"
checkFlagAsCommand _ t = case t of
T_SimpleCommand _ [] (first:_) ->
when (isUnquotedFlag first) $
warn (getId first) 2215 "This flag is used as a command name. Bad line break or missing [ .. ]?"
_ -> return ()
prop_checkEmptyCondition1 = verify checkEmptyCondition "if [ ]; then ..; fi"
prop_checkEmptyCondition2 = verifyNot checkEmptyCondition "[ foo -o bar ]"
checkEmptyCondition _ t = case t of
TC_Empty id _ -> style id 2212 "Use 'false' instead of empty [/[[ conditionals."
_ -> return ()
prop_checkPipeToNowhere1 = verify checkPipeToNowhere "foo | echo bar"
prop_checkPipeToNowhere2 = verify checkPipeToNowhere "basename < file.txt"
prop_checkPipeToNowhere3 = verify checkPipeToNowhere "printf 'Lol' <<< str"
prop_checkPipeToNowhere4 = verify checkPipeToNowhere "printf 'Lol' << eof\nlol\neof\n"
prop_checkPipeToNowhere5 = verifyNot checkPipeToNowhere "echo foo | xargs du"
prop_checkPipeToNowhere6 = verifyNot checkPipeToNowhere "ls | echo $(cat)"
prop_checkPipeToNowhere7 = verifyNot checkPipeToNowhere "echo foo | var=$(cat) ls"
prop_checkPipeToNowhere8 = verify checkPipeToNowhere "foo | true"
prop_checkPipeToNowhere9 = verifyNot checkPipeToNowhere "mv -i f . < /dev/stdin"
checkPipeToNowhere :: Parameters -> Token -> WriterT [TokenComment] Identity ()
checkPipeToNowhere _ t =
case t of
T_Pipeline _ _ (first:rest) -> mapM_ checkPipe rest
T_Redirecting _ redirects cmd -> when (any redirectsStdin redirects) $ checkRedir cmd
_ -> return ()
where
checkPipe redir = potentially $ do
cmd <- getCommand redir
name <- getCommandBasename cmd
guard $ name `elem` nonReadingCommands
guard . not $ hasAdditionalConsumers cmd
let suggestion =
if name == "echo"
then "Did you want 'cat' instead?"
else "Wrong command or missing xargs?"
return $ warn (getId cmd) 2216 $
"Piping to '" ++ name ++ "', a command that doesn't read stdin. " ++ suggestion
checkRedir cmd = potentially $ do
name <- getCommandBasename cmd
guard $ name `elem` nonReadingCommands
guard . not $ hasAdditionalConsumers cmd
guard . not $ name `elem` ["cp", "mv", "rm"] && cmd `hasFlag` "i"
let suggestion =
if name == "echo"
then "Did you want 'cat' instead?"
else "Bad quoting, wrong command or missing xargs?"
return $ warn (getId cmd) 2217 $
"Redirecting to '" ++ name ++ "', a command that doesn't read stdin. " ++ suggestion
hasAdditionalConsumers t = fromMaybe True $ do
doAnalysis (guard . not . mayConsume) t
return False
mayConsume t =
case t of
T_ProcSub {} -> True
T_Backticked {} -> True
T_DollarExpansion {} -> True
_ -> False
redirectsStdin t =
case t of
T_FdRedirect _ _ (T_IoFile _ T_Less {} _) -> True
T_FdRedirect _ _ T_HereDoc {} -> True
T_FdRedirect _ _ T_HereString {} -> True
_ -> False
prop_checkUseBeforeDefinition1 = verifyTree checkUseBeforeDefinition "f; f() { true; }"
prop_checkUseBeforeDefinition2 = verifyNotTree checkUseBeforeDefinition "f() { true; }; f"
prop_checkUseBeforeDefinition3 = verifyNotTree checkUseBeforeDefinition "if ! mycmd --version; then mycmd() { true; }; fi"
prop_checkUseBeforeDefinition4 = verifyNotTree checkUseBeforeDefinition "mycmd || mycmd() { f; }"
checkUseBeforeDefinition _ t =
execWriter $ evalStateT (mapM_ examine $ revCommands) Map.empty
where
examine t = case t of
T_Pipeline _ _ [T_Redirecting _ _ (T_Function _ _ _ name _)] ->
modify $ Map.insert name t
T_Annotation _ _ w -> examine w
T_Pipeline _ _ cmds -> do
m <- get
unless (Map.null m) $
mapM_ (checkUsage m) $ concatMap recursiveSequences cmds
_ -> return ()
checkUsage map cmd = potentially $ do
name <- getCommandName cmd
def <- Map.lookup name map
return $
err (getId cmd) 2218
"This function is only defined later. Move the definition up."
revCommands = reverse $ concat $ getCommandSequences t
recursiveSequences x =
let list = concat $ getCommandSequences x in
if null list
then [x]
else concatMap recursiveSequences list
prop_checkForLoopGlobVariables1 = verify checkForLoopGlobVariables "for i in $var/*.txt; do true; done"
prop_checkForLoopGlobVariables2 = verifyNot checkForLoopGlobVariables "for i in \"$var\"/*.txt; do true; done"
prop_checkForLoopGlobVariables3 = verifyNot checkForLoopGlobVariables "for i in $var; do true; done"
checkForLoopGlobVariables _ t =
case t of
T_ForIn _ _ words _ -> mapM_ check words
_ -> return ()
where
check (T_NormalWord _ parts) =
when (any isGlob parts) $
mapM_ suggest $ filter isQuoteableExpansion parts
suggest t = info (getId t) 2231
"Quote expansions in this for loop glob to prevent wordsplitting, e.g. \"$dir\"/*.txt ."
prop_checkSubshelledTests1 = verify checkSubshelledTests "a && ( [ b ] || ! [ c ] )"
prop_checkSubshelledTests2 = verify checkSubshelledTests "( [ a ] )"
prop_checkSubshelledTests3 = verify checkSubshelledTests "( [ a ] && [ b ] || test c )"
prop_checkSubshelledTests4 = verify checkSubshelledTests "( [ a ] && { [ b ] && [ c ]; } )"
checkSubshelledTests params t =
case t of
T_Subshell id list | all isTestStructure list ->
case () of
_ | isCompoundCondition (getPath (parentMap params) t) ->
style id 2233 "Remove superfluous (..) around condition."
_ | isSingleTest list ->
style id 2234 "Remove superfluous (..) around test command."
_ -> style id 2235 "Use { ..; } instead of (..) to avoid subshell overhead."
_ -> return ()
where
isSingleTest cmds =
case cmds of
[c] | isTestCommand c -> True
_ -> False
isTestStructure t =
case t of
T_Banged _ t -> isTestStructure t
T_AndIf _ a b -> isTestStructure a && isTestStructure b
T_OrIf _ a b -> isTestStructure a && isTestStructure b
T_Pipeline _ [] [T_Redirecting _ _ cmd] ->
case cmd of
T_BraceGroup _ ts -> all isTestStructure ts
T_Subshell _ ts -> all isTestStructure ts
_ -> isTestCommand t
_ -> isTestCommand t
isTestCommand t =
case t of
T_Pipeline _ [] [T_Redirecting _ _ cmd] ->
case cmd of
T_Condition {} -> True
_ -> cmd `isCommand` "test"
_ -> False
isCompoundCondition chain =
case dropWhile skippable (drop 1 chain) of
T_IfExpression {} : _ -> True
T_WhileExpression {} : _ -> True
T_UntilExpression {} : _ -> True
_ -> False
skippable t =
case t of
T_Redirecting _ [] _ -> True
T_Pipeline _ [] _ -> True
T_Annotation {} -> True
_ -> False
prop_checkInvertedStringTest1 = verify checkInvertedStringTest "[ ! -z $var ]"
prop_checkInvertedStringTest2 = verify checkInvertedStringTest "! [[ -n $var ]]"
prop_checkInvertedStringTest3 = verifyNot checkInvertedStringTest "! [ -x $var ]"
prop_checkInvertedStringTest4 = verifyNot checkInvertedStringTest "[[ ! -w $var ]]"
prop_checkInvertedStringTest5 = verifyNot checkInvertedStringTest "[ -z $var ]"
checkInvertedStringTest _ t =
case t of
TC_Unary _ _ "!" (TC_Unary _ _ op _) ->
case op of
"-n" -> style (getId t) 2236 "Use -z instead of ! -n."
"-z" -> style (getId t) 2236 "Use -n instead of ! -z."
_ -> return ()
T_Banged _ (T_Pipeline _ _
[T_Redirecting _ _ (T_Condition _ _ (TC_Unary _ _ op _))]) ->
case op of
"-n" -> style (getId t) 2237 "Use [ -z .. ] instead of ! [ -n .. ]."
"-z" -> style (getId t) 2237 "Use [ -n .. ] instead of ! [ -z .. ]."
_ -> return ()
_ -> return ()
prop_checkRedirectionToCommand1 = verify checkRedirectionToCommand "ls > rm"
prop_checkRedirectionToCommand2 = verifyNot checkRedirectionToCommand "ls > 'rm'"
prop_checkRedirectionToCommand3 = verifyNot checkRedirectionToCommand "ls > myfile"
checkRedirectionToCommand _ t =
case t of
T_IoFile _ _ (T_NormalWord id [T_Literal _ str]) | str `elem` commonCommands ->
unless (str == "file") $
warn id 2238 "Redirecting to/from command name instead of file. Did you want pipes/xargs (or quote to ignore)?"
_ -> return ()
prop_checkNullaryExpansionTest1 = verify checkNullaryExpansionTest "[[ $(a) ]]"
prop_checkNullaryExpansionTest2 = verify checkNullaryExpansionTest "[[ $a ]]"
prop_checkNullaryExpansionTest3 = verifyNot checkNullaryExpansionTest "[[ $a=1 ]]"
prop_checkNullaryExpansionTest4 = verifyNot checkNullaryExpansionTest "[[ -n $(a) ]]"
prop_checkNullaryExpansionTest5 = verify checkNullaryExpansionTest "[[ \"$a$b\" ]]"
prop_checkNullaryExpansionTest6 = verify checkNullaryExpansionTest "[[ `x` ]]"
checkNullaryExpansionTest params t =
case t of
TC_Nullary _ _ word ->
case getWordParts word of
[t] | isCommandSubstitution t ->
styleWithFix id 2243 "Prefer explicit -n to check for output (or run command without [/[[ to check for success)." fix
x | all (not . isConstant) x ->
styleWithFix id 2244 "Prefer explicit -n to check non-empty string (or use =/-ne to check boolean/integer)." fix
_ -> return ()
where
id = getId word
fix = fixWith [replaceStart id params 0 "-n "]
_ -> return ()
prop_checkDollarQuoteParen1 = verify checkDollarQuoteParen "$\"(foo)\""
prop_checkDollarQuoteParen2 = verify checkDollarQuoteParen "$\"{foo}\""
prop_checkDollarQuoteParen3 = verifyNot checkDollarQuoteParen "\"$(foo)\""
prop_checkDollarQuoteParen4 = verifyNot checkDollarQuoteParen "$\"..\""
checkDollarQuoteParen params t =
case t of
T_DollarDoubleQuoted id ((T_Literal _ (c:_)):_) | c `elem` "({" ->
warnWithFix id 2247 "Flip leading $ and \" if this should be a quoted substitution." (fix id)
_ -> return ()
where
fix id = fixWith [replaceStart id params 2 "\"$"]
prop_checkDefaultCase1 = verify checkDefaultCase "case $1 in a) true ;; esac"
prop_checkDefaultCase2 = verify checkDefaultCase "case $1 in ?*?) true ;; *? ) true ;; esac"
prop_checkDefaultCase3 = verifyNot checkDefaultCase "case $1 in x|*) true ;; esac"
prop_checkDefaultCase4 = verifyNot checkDefaultCase "case $1 in **) true ;; esac"
checkDefaultCase _ t =
case t of
T_CaseExpression id _ list ->
unless (any canMatchAny list) $
info id 2249 "Consider adding a default *) case, even if it just exits with error."
_ -> return ()
where
canMatchAny (_, list, _) = any canMatchAny' list
canMatchAny' pat = fromMaybe False $ do
pg <- wordToExactPseudoGlob pat
return $ pseudoGlobIsSuperSetof pg [PGMany]
prop_checkUselessBang1 = verify checkUselessBang "set -e; ! true; rest"
prop_checkUselessBang2 = verifyNot checkUselessBang "! true; rest"
prop_checkUselessBang3 = verify checkUselessBang "set -e; while true; do ! true; done"
prop_checkUselessBang4 = verifyNot checkUselessBang "set -e; if ! true; then true; fi"
prop_checkUselessBang5 = verifyNot checkUselessBang "set -e; ( ! true )"
prop_checkUselessBang6 = verify checkUselessBang "set -e; { ! true; }"
prop_checkUselessBang7 = verifyNot checkUselessBang "set -e; x() { ! [ x ]; }"
prop_checkUselessBang8 = verifyNot checkUselessBang "set -e; if { ! true; }; then true; fi"
prop_checkUselessBang9 = verifyNot checkUselessBang "set -e; while ! true; do true; done"
checkUselessBang params t = when (hasSetE params) $ mapM_ check (getNonReturningCommands t)
where
check t =
case t of
T_Banged id cmd | not $ isCondition (getPath (parentMap params) t) ->
addComment $ makeCommentWithFix InfoC id 2251
"This ! is not on a condition and skips errexit. Use `&& exit 1` instead, or make sure $? is checked."
(fixWith [replaceStart id params 1 "", replaceEnd (getId cmd) params 0 " && exit 1"])
_ -> return ()
getNonReturningCommands :: Token -> [Token]
getNonReturningCommands t =
case t of
T_Script _ _ list -> dropLast list
T_BraceGroup _ list -> if isFunctionBody t then dropLast list else list
T_Subshell _ list -> dropLast list
T_WhileExpression _ conds cmds -> dropLast conds ++ cmds
T_UntilExpression _ conds cmds -> dropLast conds ++ cmds
T_ForIn _ _ _ list -> list
T_ForArithmetic _ _ _ _ list -> list
T_Annotation _ _ t -> getNonReturningCommands t
T_IfExpression _ conds elses ->
concatMap (dropLast . fst) conds ++ concatMap snd conds ++ elses
_ -> []
isFunctionBody t =
case getPath (parentMap params) t of
_:T_Function {}:_-> True
_ -> False
dropLast t =
case t of
[_] -> []
x:rest -> x : dropLast rest
_ -> []
return []
runTests = $( [| $(forAllProperties) (quickCheckWithResult (stdArgs { maxSuccess = 1 }) ) |])