Copyright | Bryan O'Sullivan |
---|---|
License | BSD3 |
Maintainer | Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com> |
Stability | unstable |
Portability | portable |
Safe Haskell | None |
Language | Haskell98 |
A fast, space efficient Bloom filter implementation. A Bloom filter is a set-like data structure that provides a probabilistic membership test.
- Queries do not give false negatives. When an element is added to
a filter, a subsequent membership test will definitely return
True
. - False positives are possible. If an element has not been added to a filter, a membership test may nevertheless indicate that the element is present.
This module provides low-level control. For an easier to use interface, see the Data.BloomFilter.Easy module.
- type Hash = Word32
- data Bloom a
- data MBloom s a
- freeze :: MBloom s a -> ST s (Bloom a)
- thaw :: Bloom a -> ST s (MBloom s a)
- unsafeFreeze :: MBloom s a -> ST s (Bloom a)
- unfold :: forall a b. (a -> [Hash]) -> Int -> (b -> Maybe (a, b)) -> b -> Bloom a
- fromList :: (a -> [Hash]) -> Int -> [a] -> Bloom a
- empty :: (a -> [Hash]) -> Int -> Bloom a
- singleton :: (a -> [Hash]) -> Int -> a -> Bloom a
- length :: Bloom a -> Int
- elem :: a -> Bloom a -> Bool
- notElem :: a -> Bloom a -> Bool
- insert :: a -> Bloom a -> Bloom a
- insertList :: [a] -> Bloom a -> Bloom a
- bitArray :: Bloom a -> UArray Int Hash
Overview
Each of the functions for creating Bloom filters accepts two parameters:
- The number of bits that should be used for the filter. Note that a filter is fixed in size; it cannot be resized after creation.
- A function that accepts a value, and should return a fixed-size list of hashes of that value. To keep the false positive rate low, the hashes computes should, as far as possible, be independent.
By choosing these parameters with care, it is possible to tune for
a particular false positive rate. The suggestSizing
function in
the Data.BloomFilter.Easy module calculates useful estimates for
these parameters.
Ease of use
This module provides immutable interfaces for working with a query-only Bloom filter, and for converting to and from mutable Bloom filters.
For a higher-level interface that is easy to use, see the
Easy
module.
Performance
The implementation has been carefully tuned for high performance and low space consumption.
For efficiency, the number of bits requested when creating a Bloom filter is rounded up to the nearest power of two. This lets the implementation use bitwise operations internally, instead of much more expensive multiplication, division, and modulus operations.
Types
A hash value is 32 bits wide. This limits the maximum size of a filter to about four billion elements, or 512 megabytes of memory.
An immutable Bloom filter, suitable for querying from pure code.
Immutable Bloom filters
Conversion
freeze :: MBloom s a -> ST s (Bloom a) Source
Create an immutable Bloom filter from a mutable one. The mutable filter may be modified afterwards.
thaw :: Bloom a -> ST s (MBloom s a) Source
Copy an immutable Bloom filter to create a mutable one. There is no non-copying equivalent.
unsafeFreeze :: MBloom s a -> ST s (Bloom a) Source
Create an immutable Bloom filter from a mutable one. The mutable
filter must not be modified afterwards, or a runtime crash may
occur. For a safer creation interface, use freeze
or create
.
Creation
:: (a -> [Hash]) | family of hash functions to use |
-> Int | number of bits in filter |
-> [a] | values to populate with |
-> Bloom a |
Create an immutable Bloom filter, populating it from a list of values.
Here is an example that uses the cheapHashes
function from the
Data.BloomFilter.Hash module to create a hash function that
returns three hashes.
import Data.BloomFilter.Hash (cheapHashes) filt = fromList (cheapHashes 3) 1024 ["foo", "bar", "quux"]
Create an empty Bloom filter.
This function is subject to fusion with insert
and insertList
.
:: (a -> [Hash]) | family of hash functions to use |
-> Int | number of bits in filter |
-> a | element to insert |
-> Bloom a |
Create a Bloom filter with a single element.
This function is subject to fusion with insert
and insertList
.
Accessors
elem :: a -> Bloom a -> Bool Source
Query an immutable Bloom filter for membership. If the value is
present, return True
. If the value is not present, there is
still some possibility that True
will be returned.
notElem :: a -> Bloom a -> Bool Source
Query an immutable Bloom filter for non-membership. If the value
is present, return False
. If the value is not present, there
is still some possibility that True
will be returned.
Modification
insert :: a -> Bloom a -> Bloom a Source
Create a new Bloom filter from an existing one, with the given member added.
This function may be expensive, as it is likely to cause the underlying bit array to be copied.
Repeated applications of this function with itself are subject to fusion.
insertList :: [a] -> Bloom a -> Bloom a Source
Create a new Bloom filter from an existing one, with the given members added.
This function may be expensive, as it is likely to cause the underlying bit array to be copied.
Repeated applications of this function with itself are subject to fusion.
The underlying representation
If you serialize the raw bit arrays below to disk, do not expect them to be portable to systems with different conventions for endianness or word size.
The raw bit array used by the immutable Bloom
type.