Clash.Explicit.Synchronizer

Synchronizer circuits for safe clock domain crossings

Bit-synchronizers

dualFlipFlopSynchronizer

Arguments

:: Clock domain1 gated1

Clock to which the incoming data is synchronised

-> Clock domain2 gated2

Clock to which the outgoing data is synchronised

-> Reset domain2 synchronous

Reset for registers on the outgoing domain

-> a

Initial value of the two synchronisation registers

-> Signal domain1 a

Incoming data

-> Signal domain2 a

Outgoing, synchronised, data

Synchroniser based on two sequentially connected flip-flops.

• NB: This synchroniser can be used for bit-synchronization.

• NB: Although this synchroniser does reduce metastability, it does not guarantee the proper synchronisation of a whole word. For example, given that the output is sampled twice as fast as the input is running, and we have two samples in the input stream that look like:

  [0111,1000]

  But the circuit driving the input stream has a longer propagation delay on msb compared to the lsbs. What can happen is an output stream that looks like this:

  [0111,0111,0000,1000]

  Where the level-change of the msb was not captured, but the level change of the lsbs were.

  If you want to have safe word-synchronisation use asyncFIFOSynchronizer.

Word-synchronizers

asyncFIFOSynchronizer

Arguments

:: 2 <= addrSize

=> SNat addrSize

Size of the internally used addresses, the FIFO contains 2^addrSize elements.

-> Clock wdomain wgated

Clock to which the write port is synchronised

-> Clock rdomain rgated

Clock to which the read port is synchronised

-> Reset wdomain synchronous

-> Reset rdomain synchronous

-> Signal rdomain Bool

Read request

-> Signal wdomain (Maybe a)

Element to insert

-> (Signal rdomain a, Signal rdomain Bool, Signal wdomain Bool)

(Oldest element in the FIFO, empty flag, full flag)

Synchroniser implemented as a FIFO around an asynchronous RAM. Based on the design described in Clash.Tutorial, which is itself based on the design described in http://www.sunburst-design.com/papers/CummingsSNUG2002SJ_FIFO1.pdf.

NB: This synchroniser can be used for word-synchronization.