Effectful.Concurrent.MVar

Lifted Control.Concurrent.MVar.

Effect

data Concurrent :: Effect

Provide the ability to run Eff computations concurrently in multiple threads and communicate between them.

Warning: unless you stick to high level functions from the withAsync family, the Concurrent effect makes it possible to escape the scope of any scoped effect operation. Consider the following:

>>> import Effectful.Reader.Static qualified as R

>>> printAsk msg = liftIO . putStrLn . (msg ++) . (": " ++) =<< R.ask

>>> :{
  runEff . R.runReader "GLOBAL" . runConcurrent $ do
    a <- R.local (const "LOCAL") $ do
      a <- async $ do
        printAsk "child (first)"
        threadDelay 20000
        printAsk "child (second)"
      threadDelay 10000
      printAsk "parent (inside)"
      pure a
    printAsk "parent (outside)"
    wait a
:}
child (first): LOCAL
parent (inside): LOCAL
parent (outside): GLOBAL
child (second): LOCAL

Note that the asynchronous computation doesn't respect the scope of local, i.e. the child thread still behaves like it's inside the local block, even though the parent thread already got out of it.

This is because the value provided by the Reader effect is thread local, i.e. each thread manages its own version of it. For the Reader it is the only reasonable behavior, it wouldn't be very useful if its "read only" value was affected by calls to local from its parent or child threads.

However, the cut isn't so clear if it comes to effects that provide access to a mutable state. That's why statically dispatched State and Writer effects come in two flavors, local and shared:

>>> import Effectful.State.Static.Local qualified as SL
>>> :{
  runEff . SL.execState "Hi" . runConcurrent $ do
    replicateConcurrently_ 3 $ SL.modify (++ "!")
:}
"Hi"

>>> import Effectful.State.Static.Shared qualified as SS
>>> :{
  runEff . SS.execState "Hi" . runConcurrent $ do
    replicateConcurrently_ 3 $ SS.modify (++ "!")
:}
"Hi!!!"

In the first example state updates made concurrently are not reflected in the parent thread because the value is thread local, but in the second example they are, because the value is shared.

Instances

type DispatchOf Concurrent

Defined in Effectful.Concurrent.Effect

type DispatchOf Concurrent = 'Static 'WithSideEffects

data StaticRep Concurrent

Defined in Effectful.Concurrent.Effect

data StaticRep Concurrent = Concurrent

Handlers

runConcurrent :: (HasCallStack, IOE :> es) => Eff (Concurrent : es) a -> Eff es a

Run the Concurrent effect.

MVar

data MVar a

An MVar (pronounced "em-var") is a synchronising variable, used for communication between concurrent threads. It can be thought of as a box, which may be empty or full.

Instances

NFData1 MVar

Since: deepseq-1.4.3.0

Defined in Control.DeepSeq

Methods

liftRnf :: (a -> ()) -> MVar a -> ()

NFData (MVar a)

NOTE: Only strict in the reference and not the referenced value.

Since: deepseq-1.4.2.0

Defined in Control.DeepSeq

Methods

rnf :: MVar a -> ()

Eq (MVar a)

Since: base-4.1.0.0

Defined in GHC.MVar

Methods

(==) :: MVar a -> MVar a -> Bool

(/=) :: MVar a -> MVar a -> Bool

newEmptyMVar :: Concurrent :> es => Eff es (MVar a)

Lifted newEmptyMVar.

newMVar :: Concurrent :> es => a -> Eff es (MVar a)

Lifted newMVar.

takeMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> Eff es a

Lifted takeMVar.

putMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> a -> Eff es ()

Lifted putMVar.

readMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> Eff es a

Lifted readMVar.

swapMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> a -> Eff es a

Lifted swapMVar.

tryTakeMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> Eff es (Maybe a)

Lifted tryTakeMVar.

tryPutMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> a -> Eff es Bool

Lifted tryPutMVar.

isEmptyMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> Eff es Bool

Lifted isEmptyMVar.

withMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> (a -> Eff es b) -> Eff es b

Lifted withMVar.

withMVarMasked :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> (a -> Eff es b) -> Eff es b

Lifted withMVarMasked.

modifyMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> (a -> Eff es (a, b)) -> Eff es b

Lifted modifyMVar.

modifyMVar_ :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> (a -> Eff es a) -> Eff es ()

Lifted modifyMVar_.

modifyMVarMasked :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> (a -> Eff es (a, b)) -> Eff es b

Lifted modifyMVarMasked.

modifyMVarMasked_ :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> (a -> Eff es a) -> Eff es ()

Lifted modifyMVarMasked_.

tryReadMVar :: Concurrent :> es => MVar a -> Eff es (Maybe a)

Lifted tryReadMVar.

mkWeakMVar :: (HasCallStack, Concurrent :> es) => MVar a -> Eff es () -> Eff es (Weak (MVar a))

Lifted mkWeakMVar.

Note: the finalizer will run a cloned environment, so any changes it makes to thread local data will not be visible outside of it.