Generic.Match

Description: First class pattern matching based on generics-sop.

Pattern match on a Generic type

match :: forall b r xs. (Generic b, Match (Code b) r) => b -> Matcher b r

A first class pattern matching function for anything Generic, in the style of either and maybe, but with the first argument being the thing you are pattern matching on, as opposed to the last argument.

either f g x == match x f g

maybe r f x == match x r f

Beyond working for Maybe or Either, this function works on just about any type you give to it, as long as that type has a Generic instance. For example, this code is from the tests which are not exported from this file:

data Ploop =
   Clap Int Bool
 | Splop [Integer] Float
 | Flep [Int] [Float] [Bool]
 deriving (GHC.Generic, Generic)

newtype X = X { unX :: Int } deriving (GHC.Generic, Generic)

data Klop = Cloop Klop
 deriving (GHC.Generic, Generic)

tests :: Bool
tests = and
 [ match True False True
 , match False True False
 , match (Left (5 :: Int)) (== 5) undefined
 , match (Right ([1,2] :: [Int])) undefined ((== 2) . length)
 , match (Clap 0 True) (i b -> i == 0 && b) undefined undefined
 , match (X 1) (x -> x == 1)
 , match (let x = Cloop x in x) (_ -> True)
 ]

There are other tests as well, at the type level, which I used to develop this library, and I think it makes sense to display those as well:

facts :: ()
facts = fold
  [ unitMatcher
  , boolMatcher
  , thingMatcher
  , pairMatcher
  , tripleMatcher
  , voidMatcher
  ]

unitMatcher :: Matcher () r ~ (r -> r) => ()
unitMatcher = ()

boolMatcher :: Matcher Bool r ~ (r -> r -> r) => ()
boolMatcher = ()

data Thing = Thing Bool
  deriving (GHC.Generic, Generic)

thingMatcher :: Matcher Thing r ~ ((Bool -> r) -> r) => ()
thingMatcher = ()

pairMatcher :: Matcher (Int, Bool) r ~ ((Int -> Bool -> r) -> r) => ()
pairMatcher = ()

tripleMatcher :: Matcher (Int, Int, Int) r ~ ((Int -> Int -> Int -> r) -> r) => ()
tripleMatcher = ()

voidMatcher :: Matcher Void r ~ r => ()
voidMatcher = ()

These may look strange to the reader, but the way to read them is that the constraint to the left of the fat arrow must be true if I can instantiate one of the terms in a context without assuming it. As I instantiate all of them in that fold (possibly the only use of the '()' monoid that I can think of, all of these constraints must be true. This allowed me to develop this library by making instances that made each new constraint I added true.

Type classes

class Match xs r

The class that is used to inductively define the pattern matching for a particular generic type.

Minimal complete definition

match', const'

Instances

Match ([] :: [[Type]]) r

Defined in Generic.Match

Methods

match' :: NS (NP I) [] -> Matcher' [] r

const' :: r -> Matcher' [] r

(Consume x, Match xs r) => Match (x ': xs) r

Defined in Generic.Match

Methods

match' :: NS (NP I) (x ': xs) -> Matcher' (x ': xs) r

const' :: r -> Matcher' (x ': xs) r

class Consume xs

The typeclass used to consume a product inside of a Generic type.

Minimal complete definition

consume

Instances

Consume ([] :: [Type])

Defined in Generic.Match

Methods

consume :: NP I [] -> Consumer [] r -> r

Consume xs => Consume (x ': xs)

Defined in Generic.Match

Methods

consume :: NP I (x ': xs) -> Consumer (x ': xs) r -> r

Type families

type Matcher b r = Matcher' (Code b) r

The type of a first class pattern match, having consumed the input.

type family Matcher' (xs :: [[Type]]) r where ...

The utility family which defines a Matcher, after stripping the metadata from the top level of the Generics Representation..

Equations

Matcher' '[] r = r

Matcher' (x ': xs) r = Consumer x r -> Matcher' xs r

type family Consumer (xs :: [Type]) (r :: Type) where ...

The type family that describes how to consume a product inside of a Generic type.

Equations

Consumer '[] r = r

Consumer (x ': xs) r = x -> Consumer xs r

Re-exported from Generics.SOP

class All (SListI :: [Type] -> Constraint) (Code a) => Generic a

The class of representable datatypes.

The SOP approach to generic programming is based on viewing datatypes as a representation (Rep) built from the sum of products of its components. The components of a datatype are specified using the Code type family.

The isomorphism between the original Haskell datatype and its representation is witnessed by the methods of this class, from and to. So for instances of this class, the following laws should (in general) hold:

to . from === id :: a -> a
from . to === id :: Rep a -> Rep a

You typically don't define instances of this class by hand, but rather derive the class instance automatically.

Option 1: Derive via the built-in GHC-generics. For this, you need to use the DeriveGeneric extension to first derive an instance of the Generic class from module GHC.Generics. With this, you can then give an empty instance for Generic, and the default definitions will just work. The pattern looks as follows:

import qualified GHC.Generics as GHC
import Generics.SOP

...

data T = ... deriving (GHC.Generic, ...)

instance Generic T -- empty
instance HasDatatypeInfo T -- empty, if you want/need metadata

Option 2: Derive via Template Haskell. For this, you need to enable the TemplateHaskell extension. You can then use deriveGeneric from module Generics.SOP.TH to have the instance generated for you. The pattern looks as follows:

import Generics.SOP
import Generics.SOP.TH

...

data T = ...

deriveGeneric ''T -- derives HasDatatypeInfo as well

Tradeoffs: Whether to use Option 1 or 2 is mainly a matter of personal taste. The version based on Template Haskell probably has less run-time overhead.

Non-standard instances: It is possible to give Generic instances manually that deviate from the standard scheme, as long as at least

to . from === id :: a -> a

still holds.