Safe Haskell | Safe-Infered |
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Hspec is a Behaviour-Driven Development tool for Haskell programmers. BDD is an approach to software development that combines Test-Driven Development, Domain Driven Design, and Acceptance Test-Driven Planning. Hspec helps you do the TDD part of that equation, focusing on the documentation and design aspects of TDD.
Hspec (and the preceding intro) are based on the Ruby library RSpec. Much of what applies to RSpec also applies to Hspec. Hspec ties together descriptions of behavior and examples of that behavior. The examples can also be run as tests and the output summarises what needs to be implemented.
The three functions you'll use the most are hspec
, describe
, and it
. Here is an
example of functions that format and unformat phone numbers and the specs for them.
import Test.Hspec import Test.Hspec.QuickCheck import Test.Hspec.HUnit import Test.QuickCheck hiding (property) import Test.HUnit main = hspec mySpecs
Since the specs are often used to tell you what to implement, it's best to start with undefined functions. Once we have some specs, then you can implement each behavior one at a time, ensuring that each behavior is met and there is no undocumented behavior.
unformatPhoneNumber :: String -> String unformatPhoneNumber number = undefined formatPhoneNumber :: String -> String formatPhoneNumber number = undefined
The describe
function takes a list of behaviors and examples bound together with the it
function
mySpecs = describe "unformatPhoneNumber" [
A boolean expression can act as a behavior's example.
it "removes dashes, spaces, and parenthesies" (unformatPhoneNumber "(555) 555-1234" == "5555551234"),
The pending
function marks a behavior as pending an example. The example doesn't count as failing.
it "handles non-US phone numbers" (pending "need to look up how other cultures format phone numbers"),
An HUnit Test
can act as a behavior's example. (must import Test.Hspec.HUnit
)
it "removes the \"ext\" prefix of the extension" (TestCase $ let expected = "5555551234135" actual = unformatPhoneNumber "(555) 555-1234 ext 135" in assertEqual "remove extension" expected actual),
An IO()
action is treated like an HUnit TestCase
. (must import Test.Hspec.HUnit
)
it "converts letters to numbers" (do let expected = "6862377" let actual = unformatPhoneNumber "NUMBERS" assertEqual "letters to numbers" expected actual),
The property
function allows a QuickCheck property to act as an example. (must import Test.Hspec.QuickCheck
)
it "can add and remove formatting without changing the number" (property $ forAll phoneNumber $ \ n -> unformatPhoneNumber (formatPhoneNumber n) == n) ] phoneNumber :: Gen String phoneNumber = do nums <- elements [7,10,11,12,13,14,15] vectorOf nums (elements "0123456789")
Documentation
it :: Example a => String -> a -> [Spec]Source
Create a set of specifications for a specific type being described. Once you know what you want specs for, use this.
describe "abs" [ it "returns a positive number given a negative number" (abs (-1) == 1) ]
Declare an example as not successful or failing but pending some other work. If you want to report on a behavior but don't have an example yet, use this.
describe "fancyFormatter" [ it "can format text in a way that everyone likes" (pending "waiting for clarification from the designers") ]
descriptions :: [[Spec]] -> [Spec]Source
Combine a list of descriptions.