Control.Lens.TH

Constructing Lenses Automatically

Lenses for data fields

makeLenses :: Name -> DecsQ

Build lenses (and traversals) with a sensible default configuration.

e.g.

data FooBar
  = Foo { _x, _y :: Int }
  | Bar { _x :: Int }
makeLenses ''FooBar

will create

x :: Lens' FooBar Int
x f (Foo a b) = (\a' -> Foo a' b) <$> f a
x f (Bar a)   = Bar <$> f a
y :: Traversal' FooBar Int
y f (Foo a b) = (\b' -> Foo a  b') <$> f b
y _ c@(Bar _) = pure c

makeLenses = makeLensesWith lensRules

makeLensesFor :: [(String, String)] -> Name -> DecsQ

Derive lenses and traversals, specifying explicit pairings of (fieldName, lensName).

If you map multiple names to the same label, and it is present in the same constructor then this will generate a Traversal.

e.g.

makeLensesFor [("_foo", "fooLens"), ("baz", "lbaz")] ''Foo
makeLensesFor [("_barX", "bar"), ("_barY", "bar")] ''Bar

makeClassy :: Name -> DecsQ

Make lenses and traversals for a type, and create a class when the type has no arguments.

e.g.

data Foo = Foo { _fooX, _fooY :: Int }
makeClassy ''Foo

will create

class HasFoo t where
  foo :: Lens' t Foo
  fooX :: Lens' t Int
  fooX = foo . go where go f (Foo x y) = (\x' -> Foo x' y) <$> f x
  fooY :: Lens' t Int
  fooY = foo . go where go f (Foo x y) = (\y' -> Foo x y') <$> f y
instance HasFoo Foo where
  foo = id

makeClassy = makeLensesWith classyRules

makeClassyFor :: String -> String -> [(String, String)] -> Name -> DecsQ

Derive lenses and traversals, using a named wrapper class, and specifying explicit pairings of (fieldName, traversalName).

Example usage:

makeClassyFor "HasFoo" "foo" [("_foo", "fooLens"), ("bar", "lbar")] ''Foo

makeClassy_ :: Name -> DecsQ

Make lenses and traversals for a type, and create a class when the type has no arguments. Works the same as makeClassy except that (a) it expects that record field names do not begin with an underscore, (b) all record fields are made into lenses, and (c) the resulting lens is prefixed with an underscore.

makeFields :: Name -> DecsQ

Generate overloaded field accessors.

e.g

data Foo a = Foo { _fooX :: Int, _fooY :: a }
newtype Bar = Bar { _barX :: Char }
makeFields ''Foo
makeFields ''Bar

will create

_fooXLens :: Lens' (Foo a) Int
_fooYLens :: Lens (Foo a) (Foo b) a b
class HasX s a | s -> a where
  x :: Lens' s a
instance HasX (Foo a) Int where
  x = _fooXLens
class HasY s a | s -> a where
  y :: Lens' s a
instance HasY (Foo a) a where
  y = _fooYLens
_barXLens :: Iso' Bar Char
instance HasX Bar Char where
  x = _barXLens

For details, see camelCaseFields.

makeFields = makeLensesWith defaultFieldRules

makeFieldsNoPrefix :: Name -> DecsQ

Generate overloaded field accessors based on field names which are only prefixed with an underscore (e.g. _name), not additionally with the type name (e.g. _fooName).

This might be the desired behaviour in case the DuplicateRecordFields language extension is used in order to get rid of the necessity to prefix each field name with the type name.

As an example:

data Foo a  = Foo { _x :: Int, _y :: a }
newtype Bar = Bar { _x :: Char }
makeFieldsNoPrefix ''Foo
makeFieldsNoPrefix ''Bar

will create classes

class HasX s a | s -> a where
  x :: Lens' s a
class HasY s a | s -> a where
  y :: Lens' s a

together with instances

instance HasX (Foo a) Int
instance HasY (Foo a) a where
instance HasX Bar Char where

For details, see classUnderscoreNoPrefixFields.

makeFieldsNoPrefix = makeLensesWith classUnderscoreNoPrefixFields

Prisms

makePrisms

Arguments

:: Name

Type constructor name

-> DecsQ

Generate a Prism for each constructor of a data type. Isos generated when possible. Reviews are created for constructors with existentially quantified constructors and GADTs.

e.g.

data FooBarBaz a
  = Foo Int
  | Bar a
  | Baz Int Char
makePrisms ''FooBarBaz

will create

_Foo :: Prism' (FooBarBaz a) Int
_Bar :: Prism (FooBarBaz a) (FooBarBaz b) a b
_Baz :: Prism' (FooBarBaz a) (Int, Char)

makeClassyPrisms

Arguments

:: Name

Type constructor name

-> DecsQ

Generate a Prism for each constructor of a data type and combine them into a single class. No Isos are created. Reviews are created for constructors with existentially quantified constructors and GADTs.

e.g.

data FooBarBaz a
  = Foo Int
  | Bar a
  | Baz Int Char
makeClassyPrisms ''FooBarBaz

will create

class AsFooBarBaz s a | s -> a where
  _FooBarBaz :: Prism' s (FooBarBaz a)
  _Foo :: Prism' s Int
  _Bar :: Prism' s a
  _Baz :: Prism' s (Int,Char)

  _Foo = _FooBarBaz . _Foo
  _Bar = _FooBarBaz . _Bar
  _Baz = _FooBarBaz . _Baz

instance AsFooBarBaz (FooBarBaz a) a

Generate an As class of prisms. Names are selected by prefixing the constructor name with an underscore. Constructors with multiple fields will construct Prisms to tuples of those fields.

In the event that the name of a data type is also the name of one of its constructors, the name of the Prism generated for the data type will be prefixed with an extra _ (if the data type name is prefix) or . (if the name is infix) to disambiguate it from the Prism for the corresponding constructor. For example, this code:

data Quux = Quux Int | Fred Bool
makeClassyPrisms ''Quux

will create:

class AsQuux s where
  __Quux :: Prism' s Quux -- Data type prism
  _Quux :: Prism' s Int   -- Constructor prism
  _Fred :: Prism' s Bool

  _Quux = __Quux . _Quux
  _Fred = __Quux . _Fred

instance AsQuux Quux

Wrapped

makeWrapped :: Name -> DecsQ

Build Wrapped instance for a given newtype

Constructing Lenses Given a Declaration Quote

Lenses for data fields

declareLenses :: DecsQ -> DecsQ

Make lenses for all records in the given declaration quote. All record syntax in the input will be stripped off.

e.g.

declareLenses [d|
  data Foo = Foo { fooX, fooY :: Int }
    deriving Show
  |]

will create

data Foo = Foo Int Int deriving Show
fooX, fooY :: Lens' Foo Int

declareLensesFor :: [(String, String)] -> DecsQ -> DecsQ

Similar to makeLensesFor, but takes a declaration quote.

declareClassy :: DecsQ -> DecsQ

For each record in the declaration quote, make lenses and traversals for it, and create a class when the type has no arguments. All record syntax in the input will be stripped off.

e.g.

declareClassy [d|
  data Foo = Foo { fooX, fooY :: Int }
    deriving Show
  |]

will create

data Foo = Foo Int Int deriving Show
class HasFoo t where
  foo :: Lens' t Foo
instance HasFoo Foo where foo = id
fooX, fooY :: HasFoo t => Lens' t Int

declareClassyFor :: [(String, (String, String))] -> [(String, String)] -> DecsQ -> DecsQ

Similar to makeClassyFor, but takes a declaration quote.

declareFields :: DecsQ -> DecsQ

 declareFields = declareLensesWith defaultFieldRules

Prisms

declarePrisms :: DecsQ -> DecsQ

Generate a Prism for each constructor of each data type.

e.g.

declarePrisms [d|
  data Exp = Lit Int | Var String | Lambda{ bound::String, body::Exp }
  |]

will create

data Exp = Lit Int | Var String | Lambda { bound::String, body::Exp }
_Lit :: Prism' Exp Int
_Var :: Prism' Exp String
_Lambda :: Prism' Exp (String, Exp)

Wrapped

declareWrapped :: DecsQ -> DecsQ

Build Wrapped instance for each newtype.

Configuring Lenses

Running LensRules

makeLensesWith :: LensRules -> Name -> DecsQ

Build lenses with a custom configuration.

declareLensesWith :: LensRules -> DecsQ -> DecsQ

Declare lenses for each records in the given declarations, using the specified LensRules. Any record syntax in the input will be stripped off.

LensRules type

data LensRules

Rules to construct lenses for data fields.

Predefined LensRules

lensRules :: LensRules

Rules for making fairly simple partial lenses, ignoring the special cases for isomorphisms and traversals, and not making any classes. It uses underscoreNoPrefixNamer.

lensRulesFor

Arguments

:: [(String, String)]

(Field Name, Definition Name)

-> LensRules

Construct a LensRules value for generating top-level definitions using the given map from field names to definition names.

classyRules :: LensRules

Rules for making lenses and traversals that precompose another Lens.

classyRules_ :: LensRules

A LensRules used by makeClassy_.

defaultFieldRules :: LensRules

camelCaseFields :: LensRules

Field rules for fields in the form prefixFieldname or _prefixFieldname If you want all fields to be lensed, then there is no reason to use an _ before the prefix. If any of the record fields leads with an _ then it is assume a field without an _ should not have a lens created.

Note: The prefix must be the same as the typename (with the first letter lowercased). This is a change from lens versions before lens 4.5. If you want the old behaviour, use makeLensesWith abbreviatedFields

classUnderscoreNoPrefixFields :: LensRules

Field rules for fields in the form _fieldname (the leading underscore is mandatory).

Note: The primary difference to camelCaseFields is that for classUnderscoreNoPrefixFields the field names are not expected to be prefixed with the type name. This might be the desired behaviour when the DuplicateRecordFields extension is enabled.

underscoreFields :: LensRules

Field rules for fields in the form _prefix_fieldname

abbreviatedFields :: LensRules

Field rules fields in the form prefixFieldname or _prefixFieldname If you want all fields to be lensed, then there is no reason to use an _ before the prefix. If any of the record fields leads with an _ then it is assume a field without an _ should not have a lens created.

Note that prefix may be any string of characters that are not uppercase letters. (In particular, it may be arbitrary string of lowercase letters and numbers) This is the behavior that defaultFieldRules had in lens 4.4 and earlier.

LensRules configuration accessors

lensField :: Lens' LensRules FieldNamer

Lens' to access the convention for naming fields in our LensRules.

type FieldNamer

Arguments

 = Name

Name of the data type that lenses are being generated for.

-> [Name]

Names of all fields (including the field being named) in the data type.

-> Name

Name of the field being named.

-> [DefName]

Name(s) of the lens functions. If empty, no lens is created for that field.

The rule to create function names of lenses for data fields.

Although it's sometimes useful, you won't need the first two arguments most of the time.

data DefName

Name to give to generated field optics.

Constructors

TopName Name

Simple top-level definition name

MethodName Name Name

makeFields-style class name and method name

Instances

Eq DefName

Defined in Control.Lens.Internal.FieldTH

Methods

(==) :: DefName -> DefName -> Bool

(/=) :: DefName -> DefName -> Bool

Ord DefName

Defined in Control.Lens.Internal.FieldTH

Methods

compare :: DefName -> DefName -> Ordering

(<) :: DefName -> DefName -> Bool

(<=) :: DefName -> DefName -> Bool

(>) :: DefName -> DefName -> Bool

(>=) :: DefName -> DefName -> Bool

max :: DefName -> DefName -> DefName

min :: DefName -> DefName -> DefName

Show DefName

Defined in Control.Lens.Internal.FieldTH

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> DefName -> ShowS

show :: DefName -> String

showList :: [DefName] -> ShowS

lensClass :: Lens' LensRules ClassyNamer

Lens' to access the option for naming "classy" lenses.

type ClassyNamer

Arguments

 = Name

Name of the data type that lenses are being generated for.

-> Maybe (Name, Name)

Names of the class and the main method it generates, respectively.

The optional rule to create a class and method around a monomorphic data type. If this naming convention is provided, it generates a "classy" lens.

simpleLenses :: Lens' LensRules Bool

Generate "simple" optics even when type-changing optics are possible. (e.g. Lens' instead of Lens)

createClass :: Lens' LensRules Bool

Create the class if the constructor is Simple and the lensClass rule matches.

generateSignatures :: Lens' LensRules Bool

Indicate whether or not to supply the signatures for the generated lenses.

Disabling this can be useful if you want to provide a more restricted type signature or if you want to supply hand-written haddocks.

generateUpdateableOptics :: Lens' LensRules Bool

Generate "updateable" optics when True. When False, Folds will be generated instead of Traversals and Getters will be generated instead of Lenses. This mode is intended to be used for types with invariants which must be maintained by "smart" constructors.

generateLazyPatterns :: Lens' LensRules Bool

Generate optics using lazy pattern matches. This can allow fields of an undefined value to be initialized with lenses:

data Foo = Foo {_x :: Int, _y :: Bool}
  deriving Show

makeLensesWith (lensRules & generateLazyPatterns .~ True) ''Foo

> undefined & x .~ 8 & y .~ True
Foo {_x = 8, _y = True}

The downside of this flag is that it can lead to space-leaks and code-size/compile-time increases when generated for large records. By default this flag is turned off, and strict optics are generated.

When using lazy optics the strict optic can be recovered by composing with $!:

strictOptic = ($!) . lazyOptic

FieldNamers

underscoreNoPrefixNamer :: FieldNamer

A FieldNamer that strips the _ off of the field name, lowercases the name, and skips the field if it doesn't start with an '_'.

lookingupNamer :: [(String, String)] -> FieldNamer

Create a FieldNamer from explicit pairings of (fieldName, lensName).

mappingNamer

Arguments

:: (String -> [String])

A function that maps a fieldName to lensNames.

-> FieldNamer

Create a FieldNamer from a mapping function. If the function returns [], it creates no lens for the field.

camelCaseNamer :: FieldNamer

A FieldNamer for camelCaseFields.

classUnderscoreNoPrefixNamer :: FieldNamer

A FieldNamer for classUnderscoreNoPrefixFields.

underscoreNamer :: FieldNamer

A FieldNamer for underscoreFields.

abbreviatedNamer :: FieldNamer

A FieldNamer for abbreviatedFields.