Lens.Micro.Mtl.Internal

This module lets you define your own instances of Zoom and Magnify.

The warning from Lens.Micro.Internal applies to this module as well. Don't export functions that have Zoom or Magnify in their type signatures. If you absolutely need to define an instance (e.g. for internal use), only do it for your own types, because otherwise I might add an instance to one of the microlens packages later and if our instances are different it might lead to subtle bugs.

Classes

type family Zoomed (m :: * -> *) :: * -> * -> *

This type family is used by Zoom to describe the common effect type.

Instances

type Zoomed (ListT m)

type Zoomed (ListT m) = FocusingOn [] (Zoomed m)

type Zoomed (MaybeT m)

type Zoomed (MaybeT m) = FocusingMay (Zoomed m)

type Zoomed (ErrorT e m)

type Zoomed (ErrorT e m) = FocusingErr e (Zoomed m)

type Zoomed (ExceptT e m)

type Zoomed (ExceptT e m) = FocusingErr e (Zoomed m)

type Zoomed (StateT s z)

type Zoomed (StateT s z) = Focusing z

type Zoomed (StateT s z)

type Zoomed (StateT s z) = Focusing z

type Zoomed (WriterT w m)

type Zoomed (WriterT w m) = FocusingPlus w (Zoomed m)

type Zoomed (WriterT w m)

type Zoomed (WriterT w m) = FocusingPlus w (Zoomed m)

type Zoomed (IdentityT * m)

type Zoomed (IdentityT * m) = Zoomed m

type Zoomed (ReaderT * e m)

type Zoomed (ReaderT * e m) = Zoomed m

type Zoomed (RWST r w s z)

type Zoomed (RWST r w s z) = FocusingWith w z

type Zoomed (RWST r w s z)

type Zoomed (RWST r w s z) = FocusingWith w z

class (Zoomed m ~ Zoomed n, MonadState s m, MonadState t n) => Zoom m n s t | m -> s, n -> t, m t -> n, n s -> m where

Minimal complete definition

zoom

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed m c) t s -> m c -> n c infixr 2

When you're in a state monad, this function lets you operate on a part of your state. For instance, if your state was a record containing a position field, after zooming position would become your whole state (and when you modify it, the bigger structure would be modified as well).

(Your State / StateT or RWS / RWST can be anywhere in the stack, but you can't use zoom with arbitrary MonadState because it doesn't provide any methods to change the type of the state. See this issue for details.)

For the sake of the example, let's define some types first:

data Position = Position {
  _x, _y :: Int }

data Player = Player {
  _position :: Position,
  ... }

data Game = Game {
  _player :: Player,
  _obstacles :: [Position],
  ... }

concat <$> mapM makeLenses [''Position, ''Player, ''Game]

Now, here's an action that moves the player north-east:

moveNE :: State Game ()
moveNE = do
  player.position.x += 1
  player.position.y += 1

With zoom, you can use player.position to focus just on a part of the state:

moveNE :: State Game ()
moveNE = do
  zoom (player.position) $ do
    x += 1
    y += 1

You can just as well use it for retrieving things out of the state:

getCoords :: State Game (Int, Int)
getCoords = zoom (player.position) ((,) <$> use x <*> use y)

Or more explicitly:

getCoords = zoom (player.position) $ do
  x' <- use x
  y' <- use y
  return (x', y')

When you pass a traversal to zoom, it'll work as a loop. For instance, here we move all obstacles:

moveObstaclesNE :: State Game ()
moveObstaclesNE = do
  zoom (obstacles.each) $ do
    x += 1
    y += 1

If the action returns a result, all results would be combined with <> – the same way they're combined when ^. is passed a traversal. In this example, moveObstaclesNE returns a list of old coordinates of obstacles in addition to moving them:

moveObstaclesNE = do
  xys <- zoom (obstacles.each) $ do
    -- Get old coordinates.
    x' <- use x
    y' <- use y
    -- Update them.
    x .= x' + 1
    y .= y' + 1
    -- Return a single-element list with old coordinates.
    return [(x', y')]
  ...

Finally, you might need to write your own instances of Zoom if you use newtyped transformers in your monad stack. This can be done as follows:

import Lens.Micro.Mtl.Internal

type instance Zoomed (MyStateT s m) = Zoomed (StateT s m)

instance Monad m => Zoom (MyStateT s m) (MyStateT t m) s t where
    zoom l (MyStateT m) = MyStateT (zoom l m)

Instances

Zoom m n s t => Zoom (ListT m) (ListT n) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (ListT m) c) t s -> ListT m c -> ListT n c

Zoom m n s t => Zoom (MaybeT m) (MaybeT n) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (MaybeT m) c) t s -> MaybeT m c -> MaybeT n c

(Error e, Zoom m n s t) => Zoom (ErrorT e m) (ErrorT e n) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (ErrorT e m) c) t s -> ErrorT e m c -> ErrorT e n c

Zoom m n s t => Zoom (ExceptT e m) (ExceptT e n) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (ExceptT e m) c) t s -> ExceptT e m c -> ExceptT e n c

Monad z => Zoom (StateT s z) (StateT t z) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (StateT s z) c) t s -> StateT s z c -> StateT t z c

Monad z => Zoom (StateT s z) (StateT t z) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (StateT s z) c) t s -> StateT s z c -> StateT t z c

(Monoid w, Zoom m n s t) => Zoom (WriterT w m) (WriterT w n) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (WriterT w m) c) t s -> WriterT w m c -> WriterT w n c

(Monoid w, Zoom m n s t) => Zoom (WriterT w m) (WriterT w n) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (WriterT w m) c) t s -> WriterT w m c -> WriterT w n c

Zoom m n s t => Zoom (IdentityT * m) (IdentityT * n) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (IdentityT * m) c) t s -> IdentityT * m c -> IdentityT * n c

Zoom m n s t => Zoom (ReaderT * e m) (ReaderT * e n) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (ReaderT * e m) c) t s -> ReaderT * e m c -> ReaderT * e n c

(Monoid w, Monad z) => Zoom (RWST r w s z) (RWST r w t z) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (RWST r w s z) c) t s -> RWST r w s z c -> RWST r w t z c

(Monoid w, Monad z) => Zoom (RWST r w s z) (RWST r w t z) s t

Methods

zoom :: LensLike' (Zoomed (RWST r w s z) c) t s -> RWST r w s z c -> RWST r w t z c

type family Magnified (m :: * -> *) :: * -> * -> *

This type family is used by Magnify to describe the common effect type.

Instances

type Magnified ((->) b)

type Magnified ((->) b) = Const *

type Magnified (IdentityT * m)

type Magnified (IdentityT * m) = Magnified m

type Magnified (ReaderT * b m)

type Magnified (ReaderT * b m) = Effect m

type Magnified (RWST a w s m)

type Magnified (RWST a w s m) = EffectRWS w s m

type Magnified (RWST a w s m)

type Magnified (RWST a w s m) = EffectRWS w s m

class (Magnified m ~ Magnified n, MonadReader b m, MonadReader a n) => Magnify m n b a | m -> b, n -> a, m a -> n, n b -> m where

Minimal complete definition

magnify

Methods

magnify :: LensLike' (Magnified m c) a b -> m c -> n c infixr 2

This is an equivalent of local which lets you apply a getter to your environment instead of merely applying a function (and it also lets you change the type of the environment).

local   :: (r -> r)   -> Reader r a -> Reader r a
magnify :: Getter r x -> Reader x a -> Reader r a

magnify works with Reader / ReaderT, RWS / RWST, and (->).

Here's an example of magnify being used to work with a part of a bigger config. First, the types:

data URL = URL {
  _protocol :: Maybe String,
  _path :: String }

data Config = Config {
  _base :: URL,
  ... }

makeLenses ''URL
makeLenses ''Config

Now, let's define a function which returns the base url:

getBase :: Reader Config String
getBase = do
  protocol <- fromMaybe "https" <$> view (base.protocol)
  path     <- view (base.path)
  return (protocol ++ path)

With magnify, we can factor out base:

getBase = magnify base $ do
  protocol <- fromMaybe "https" <$> view protocol
  path     <- view path
  return (protocol ++ path)

This concludes the example.

Finally, you should know writing instances of Magnify for your own types can be done as follows:

import Lens.Micro.Mtl.Internal

type instance Magnified (MyReaderT r m) = Magnified (ReaderT r m)

instance Monad m => Magnify (MyReaderT r m) (MyReaderT t m) r t where
    magnify l (MyReaderT m) = MyReaderT (magnify l m)

Instances

Magnify ((->) b) ((->) a) b a

Methods

magnify :: LensLike' (Magnified ((->) b) c) a b -> (b -> c) -> a -> c

Magnify m n b a => Magnify (IdentityT * m) (IdentityT * n) b a

Methods

magnify :: LensLike' (Magnified (IdentityT * m) c) a b -> IdentityT * m c -> IdentityT * n c

Monad m => Magnify (ReaderT * b m) (ReaderT * a m) b a

Methods

magnify :: LensLike' (Magnified (ReaderT * b m) c) a b -> ReaderT * b m c -> ReaderT * a m c

(Monad m, Monoid w) => Magnify (RWST b w s m) (RWST a w s m) b a

Methods

magnify :: LensLike' (Magnified (RWST b w s m) c) a b -> RWST b w s m c -> RWST a w s m c

(Monad m, Monoid w) => Magnify (RWST b w s m) (RWST a w s m) b a

Methods

magnify :: LensLike' (Magnified (RWST b w s m) c) a b -> RWST b w s m c -> RWST a w s m c

Focusing (used for Zoom)

newtype Focusing m s a

Used by Zoom to zoom into StateT.

Constructors

Focusing

Fields

• unfocusing :: m (s, a)

Instances

Monad m => Functor (Focusing m s)

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Focusing m s a -> Focusing m s b

(<$) :: a -> Focusing m s b -> Focusing m s a

(Monad m, Monoid s) => Applicative (Focusing m s)

Methods

pure :: a -> Focusing m s a

(<*>) :: Focusing m s (a -> b) -> Focusing m s a -> Focusing m s b

(*>) :: Focusing m s a -> Focusing m s b -> Focusing m s b

(<*) :: Focusing m s a -> Focusing m s b -> Focusing m s a

newtype FocusingWith w m s a

Used by Zoom to zoom into RWST.

Constructors

FocusingWith

Fields

• unfocusingWith :: m (s, a, w)

Instances

Monad m => Functor (FocusingWith w m s)

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> FocusingWith w m s a -> FocusingWith w m s b

(<$) :: a -> FocusingWith w m s b -> FocusingWith w m s a

(Monad m, Monoid s, Monoid w) => Applicative (FocusingWith w m s)

Methods

pure :: a -> FocusingWith w m s a

(<*>) :: FocusingWith w m s (a -> b) -> FocusingWith w m s a -> FocusingWith w m s b

(*>) :: FocusingWith w m s a -> FocusingWith w m s b -> FocusingWith w m s b

(<*) :: FocusingWith w m s a -> FocusingWith w m s b -> FocusingWith w m s a

newtype FocusingPlus w k s a

Used by Zoom to zoom into WriterT.

Constructors

FocusingPlus

Fields

• unfocusingPlus :: k (s, w) a

Instances

Functor (k (s, w)) => Functor (FocusingPlus w k s)

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> FocusingPlus w k s a -> FocusingPlus w k s b

(<$) :: a -> FocusingPlus w k s b -> FocusingPlus w k s a

Applicative (k (s, w)) => Applicative (FocusingPlus w k s)

Methods

pure :: a -> FocusingPlus w k s a

(<*>) :: FocusingPlus w k s (a -> b) -> FocusingPlus w k s a -> FocusingPlus w k s b

(*>) :: FocusingPlus w k s a -> FocusingPlus w k s b -> FocusingPlus w k s b

(<*) :: FocusingPlus w k s a -> FocusingPlus w k s b -> FocusingPlus w k s a

newtype FocusingOn f k s a

Used by Zoom to zoom into MaybeT or ListT.

Constructors

FocusingOn

Fields

• unfocusingOn :: k (f s) a

Instances

Functor (k (f s)) => Functor (FocusingOn f k s)

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> FocusingOn f k s a -> FocusingOn f k s b

(<$) :: a -> FocusingOn f k s b -> FocusingOn f k s a

Applicative (k (f s)) => Applicative (FocusingOn f k s)

Methods

pure :: a -> FocusingOn f k s a

(<*>) :: FocusingOn f k s (a -> b) -> FocusingOn f k s a -> FocusingOn f k s b

(*>) :: FocusingOn f k s a -> FocusingOn f k s b -> FocusingOn f k s b

(<*) :: FocusingOn f k s a -> FocusingOn f k s b -> FocusingOn f k s a

newtype FocusingMay k s a

Used by Zoom to zoom into ErrorT.

Constructors

FocusingMay

Fields

• unfocusingMay :: k (May s) a

Instances

Functor (k (May s)) => Functor (FocusingMay k s)

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> FocusingMay k s a -> FocusingMay k s b

(<$) :: a -> FocusingMay k s b -> FocusingMay k s a

Applicative (k (May s)) => Applicative (FocusingMay k s)

Methods

pure :: a -> FocusingMay k s a

(<*>) :: FocusingMay k s (a -> b) -> FocusingMay k s a -> FocusingMay k s b

(*>) :: FocusingMay k s a -> FocusingMay k s b -> FocusingMay k s b

(<*) :: FocusingMay k s a -> FocusingMay k s b -> FocusingMay k s a

newtype FocusingErr e k s a

Used by Zoom to zoom into ErrorT.

Constructors

FocusingErr

Fields

• unfocusingErr :: k (Err e s) a

Instances

Functor (k (Err e s)) => Functor (FocusingErr e k s)

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> FocusingErr e k s a -> FocusingErr e k s b

(<$) :: a -> FocusingErr e k s b -> FocusingErr e k s a

Applicative (k (Err e s)) => Applicative (FocusingErr e k s)

Methods

pure :: a -> FocusingErr e k s a

(<*>) :: FocusingErr e k s (a -> b) -> FocusingErr e k s a -> FocusingErr e k s b

(*>) :: FocusingErr e k s a -> FocusingErr e k s b -> FocusingErr e k s b

(<*) :: FocusingErr e k s a -> FocusingErr e k s b -> FocusingErr e k s a

Effect (used for Magnify)

newtype Effect m r a

Wrap a monadic effect with a phantom type argument.

Constructors

Effect

Fields

• getEffect :: m r

Instances

Functor (Effect m r)

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Effect m r a -> Effect m r b

(<$) :: a -> Effect m r b -> Effect m r a

(Monad m, Monoid r) => Applicative (Effect m r)

Methods

pure :: a -> Effect m r a

(<*>) :: Effect m r (a -> b) -> Effect m r a -> Effect m r b

(*>) :: Effect m r a -> Effect m r b -> Effect m r b

(<*) :: Effect m r a -> Effect m r b -> Effect m r a

(Monad m, Monoid r) => Monoid (Effect m r a)

Methods

mempty :: Effect m r a

mappend :: Effect m r a -> Effect m r a -> Effect m r a

mconcat :: [Effect m r a] -> Effect m r a

newtype EffectRWS w st m s a

Wrap a monadic effect with a phantom type argument. Used when magnifying RWST.

Constructors

EffectRWS

Fields

• getEffectRWS :: st -> m (s, st, w)

Instances

Functor (EffectRWS w st m s)

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> EffectRWS w st m s a -> EffectRWS w st m s b

(<$) :: a -> EffectRWS w st m s b -> EffectRWS w st m s a

(Monoid s, Monoid w, Monad m) => Applicative (EffectRWS w st m s)

Methods

pure :: a -> EffectRWS w st m s a

(<*>) :: EffectRWS w st m s (a -> b) -> EffectRWS w st m s a -> EffectRWS w st m s b

(*>) :: EffectRWS w st m s a -> EffectRWS w st m s b -> EffectRWS w st m s b

(<*) :: EffectRWS w st m s a -> EffectRWS w st m s b -> EffectRWS w st m s a

Utilities

newtype May a

Make a Monoid out of Maybe for error handling.

Constructors

May

Fields

• getMay :: Maybe a

Instances

Monoid a => Monoid (May a)

Methods

mempty :: May a

mappend :: May a -> May a -> May a

mconcat :: [May a] -> May a

newtype Err e a

Make a Monoid out of Either for error handling.

Constructors

Err

Fields

• getErr :: Either e a

Instances

Monoid a => Monoid (Err e a)

Methods

mempty :: Err e a

mappend :: Err e a -> Err e a -> Err e a

mconcat :: [Err e a] -> Err e a