Quipper.Internal.Printing

Pretty-printing of low-level quantum circuits.

Auxiliary functions

self_inverse :: String -> [Wire] -> [Wire] -> Bool

Determine whether a named gate is self-inverse. The kind of a gate is uniquely determined by its name, and the number of input wires and generalized controls.

For now, we only recognize "X", "Y", "Z", "H", "not", "swap", and "W" as self-inverse; it is not currently possible for user code to extend this list.

ASCII representation of circuits

Convert a circuit to ASCII: one gate per line.

type WireTypeMap = IntMap Wiretype

track_wiretype :: WireTypeMap -> Gate -> WireTypeMap

Given a map of wiretypes, and a gate, update the wiretype in the map if the gate changes it.

ascii_of_boxid :: BoxId -> String

Convert a BoxId to the string in the format "name", shape "x".

ascii_render_control :: WireTypeMap -> Signed Wire -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a control. As controls are stored as untyped wires, we can lookup the wiretype in the current map and annotate the control if it's classical.

ascii_render_controls :: WireTypeMap -> Controls -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a list of controls.

ascii_render_nocontrolflag :: NoControlFlag -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a NoControlFlag

ascii_render_gate :: WireTypeMap -> Gate -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a single gate.

ascii_render_gatelist :: WireTypeMap -> [Gate] -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a gate list.

ascii_render_wiretype :: Wiretype -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a wiretype.

ascii_render_typeas :: (Wire, Wiretype) -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a type assignment.

ascii_render_arity :: String -> Arity -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of an arity, preceded by a title (input or output).

ascii_render_oarity :: String -> [Wire] -> Arity -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of an ordered arity, preceded by a title (input or output).

ascii_of_ocircuit :: OCircuit -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a low-level ordered quantum circuit.

ascii_of_circuit :: Circuit -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a low-level quantum circuit.

ascii_of_bcircuit :: BCircuit -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a low-level boxed quantum circuit.

ascii_of_subroutine :: (BoxId, TypedSubroutine) -> String

Generate an ASCII representation of a named subroutine.

Dynamic ASCII representation of circuits

The dynamic ASCII representation prints a circuit to standard output in ASCII format, just like the static ASCII representation. However, when a dynamic_lift operation is encountered, it prompts the user for the value of the corresponding bit. In effect, the user is asked to act as the quantum device or simulator.

prompt :: String -> IO ()

Write a prompt to get input from the user. Since the prompt doesn't include a newline, the output must be flushed explicitly.

getBit :: IO Bool

Interactively read a bit (either 0 or 1) from standard input. This is intended for interactive user input, so it skips white space until a 0 or 1 is encountered. In case the first non-whitespace character isn't 0 or 1 or '#', the rest of the line is ignored and the user is prompted to try again.

However, this also works for non-interactive input, so that the input can be redirected from a file. In this case, the characters 0 and 1 and whitespace, including newlines, can be interspersed freely. '#' starts a comment that extends until the end of the line.

run_readwrite_ascii :: WireTypeMap -> ReadWrite a -> Namespace -> IO (a, Namespace)

Embed a read-write computation in the IO monad, by writing gates to the terminal and interactively querying the user (or a file on stdin) for dynamic liftings. We also update a Namespace while doing so, to collect any subroutines that are defined along the way.

print_dbcircuit_ascii :: ErrMsg -> DBCircuit a -> IO ()

Interactively output a DBCircuit to standard output. This supports dynamic lifting by prompting the user for bit values when a dynamic lifting operation is encountered. Effectively the user is asked to behave like a quantum device.

Graphical representation of circuits

white :: Color

The color white.

black :: Color

The color black.

data FormatStyle

A data type that holds all the customizable parameters.

Constructors

FormatStyle

Fields

• renderformat :: RenderFormat

  The RenderFormat to use.

• backgroundcolor :: Color

  The color of the background.

• foregroundcolor :: Color

  The color of the foreground (e.g. wires and gates).

• linewidth :: Double

  Line width.

• coffs :: Double

  Gap for double line representing classical bit.

• dotradius :: Double

  Radius of dots for "controlled" gates.

• oplusradius :: Double

  Radius of oplus for "not" gate.

• xoff :: Double

  Horizontal column width.

• gatepad :: Double

  Difference between width of box and width of label.

• gateheight :: Double

  Height of labelled box.

• crossradius :: Double

  Width and height of "cross" for swap gate.

• stringbase :: Double

  Vertical shift for text labels.

• barwidth :: Double

  Width of "bar" bar.

• barheight :: Double

  Height of "bar" bar.

• dwidth :: Double

  Width of "D" symbol.

• dheight :: Double

  Height of "D" symbol.

• maxgatelabelwidth :: Double

  Maximal width of a gate label.

• maxlabelwidth :: Double

  Maximal width of a wire label.

• maxnumberwidth :: Double

  Maximal width of a wire number.

• gatefont :: Font

  Font to use for labels on gates.

• commentfont :: Font

  Font to use for comments.

• commentcolor :: Color

  Color to use for comments.

• labelfont :: Font

  Font to use for labels.

• labelcolor :: Color

  Color to use for labels.

• numberfont :: Font

  Font to use for numbers.

• numbercolor :: Color

  Color to use for numbers.

• subroutineshape :: Bool

  Whether to label each subroutine call with shape parameters

Instances

Show FormatStyle

Defined in Quipper.Internal.Printing

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> FormatStyle -> ShowS

show :: FormatStyle -> String

showList :: [FormatStyle] -> ShowS

defaultStyle :: RenderFormat -> FormatStyle

A RenderFormat consisting of some default parameters, along with the given RenderFormat.

pdf :: FormatStyle

The default PDF Style.

eps :: FormatStyle

The default EPS Style.

ps :: FormatStyle

The default PS Style.

General-purpose PostScript functions

ps_escape :: String -> String

Escape special characters in a string literal.

String formatting

string_of_boxid :: BoxId -> String

Convert a BoxId to the string in the format "name, shape x".

Functions for dealing with x-coordinates

assign_x_coordinates :: FormatStyle -> [Gate] -> X -> (X, [(Gate, X)])

Pre-processing: figure out the x-column of each gate. Returns (n,xgs) where xgs is a list of (Gate, X) pairs, and n is the rightmost x-coordinate of the circuit. Here we start from x0 and use constant step xoff taken from the FormatStyle.

type Xarity = Map Wire (Wiretype, X)

A Xarity is a map from wire id's to pairs of a wiretype and a starting x-coordinate.

update_xarity :: Xarity -> Gate -> X -> (Xarity, Xarity)

Figure out how a gate at coordinate x affects the current Xarity. Return a pair (term, new), where term is the Xarity of wires terminated by this gate, and new is the outgoing Xarity of this gate.

Low-level drawing functions

render_line :: X -> Y -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_line x0 y0 x1 y1: Draw a line from (x0, y0) to (x1, y1). In case of a zero-length line, draw nothing.

render_dot :: FormatStyle -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_dot x y: Draw a filled control dot at (x,y).

render_circle :: FormatStyle -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_circle x y: Draw an empty control dot at (x,y).

render_not :: FormatStyle -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_not x y: Draw a "not" gate at (x,y).

render_swap :: FormatStyle -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_swap x y: Draw a cross (swap gate component) at (x,y).

render_bar :: FormatStyle -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_bar x y: Draw an initterm bar at (x,y/).

render_dbar :: FormatStyle -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_bar x y: Draw a dterm bar at (x,y).

render_init :: FormatStyle -> String -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_init name x y: Draw an "init" gate at (x,y), with state name.

render_term :: FormatStyle -> String -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_term name x y: Draw a "term" gate at (x,y), with state name.

render_dterm :: FormatStyle -> String -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_dterm name x y: Draw a "dterm" gate at (x,y), with state name.

render_namedgate :: FormatStyle -> String -> InverseFlag -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_namedgate name inv x y: draw a named box centered at (x,y). If inv = True, append an "inverse" symbol to the end of the name.

render_gphasegate :: FormatStyle -> String -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_gphasegate name x y: draw a global phase gate centered at (x,y).

render_circgate :: FormatStyle -> String -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_circgate name x y: draw a named oval centered at (x,y).

render_blankgate :: FormatStyle -> String -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_blankgate name x y: draw an empty box centered at (x,y), big enough to hold name.

render_comment :: FormatStyle -> Bool -> String -> X -> Y -> Y -> Draw ()

render_comment center s x y m: draw the given string vertically, with the top of the string near the given y-coordinate. If center==True, center it at the x-coordinate, else move it just to the left of the x-coordinate. m is the maximum height allowed for the comment.

render_label :: FormatStyle -> Bool -> String -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

render_label center s x y: draw the given label just above the given point. If center==True, center it at the x-coordinate, else move it just to the right of the x-coordinate.

render_number :: FormatStyle -> Int -> Bool -> X -> Y -> Draw ()

Render the number at the given point (x,y). If the boolean argument is True, put the number to the right of x, else to the left.

Higher-level rendering functions

render_typeas :: FormatStyle -> Map Wire Y -> X -> X -> Wire -> Wiretype -> Draw ()

Render a horizontal wire from x-coordinates oldx to x, using t as the type and figuring out the y-coordinate from ys and w. Append to the given string. If the parameters are invalid (w not in ys), throw an error.

render_xarity :: FormatStyle -> Map Wire Y -> Xarity -> X -> Draw ()

Render a bunch of horizontal wires from their respective starting Xarity to x.

dshow :: Double -> String

Format a floating point number in concise form, with limited accuracy.

render_controlwire :: X -> Map Wire Y -> [Wire] -> Controls -> Draw ()

render_controlwire x ys ws c: Render the line connecting all the box components and all the control dots of some gate.

Parameters: x is the current x-coordinate, ys is an indexed array of y-coordinates, ws is the set of wires for boxes, and c is a list of controls.

render_controlwire_float :: X -> Map Wire Y -> Y -> Controls -> Draw ()

render_controlwire_float x ys y c: Render the line connecting all control dots of the given controls, as well as a floating "global phase" gate located just below (x, y).

Parameters: x is the current x-coordinate, ys is an indexed array of y-coordinates, y is the y-coordinate of the wire where the floating gate is attached, and c is a list of controls.

render_controldots :: FormatStyle -> X -> Map Wire Y -> Controls -> Draw ()

render_controldots x ys c: Render the control dots for the given controls.

render_multi_gate :: FormatStyle -> X -> Map Wire Y -> String -> InverseFlag -> [Wire] -> Draw ()

render_multi_gate x ys name inv wires: Render the boxes for an n-ary gate of the given name, potentially inverted, at the given list of wires. The first two arguments are the current x-coordinate and an indexed array of y-coordinates.

render_multi_named_ctrl :: FormatStyle -> X -> Map Wire Y -> [Wire] -> [String] -> Draw ()

render_multi_named_ctrl x ys wires names: Render the boxes for multiple generalized controls at the given wires, using the given names. We take special care of the fact that generalized controls may be used non-linearly.

render_multi_genctrl :: FormatStyle -> X -> Map Wire Y -> [Wire] -> Draw ()

render_multi_genctrl x ys wires: Render the boxes for multiple (numbered) generalized controls at the given wires.

render_ordering :: FormatStyle -> X -> Map Wire Y -> Bool -> [Wire] -> Draw ()

Number a list of wires in increasing order, at the given x-coordinate. If the boolean argument is True, put the numbers to the right of x, else to the left.

render_gate :: FormatStyle -> Gate -> X -> Map Wire Y -> Y -> (Draw (), Draw ())

Render gate g at x-coordinate x and y-coordinates as given by ys, which is a map from wires to y-coordinates. Returns a pair (s,t) of draw actions for background and foreground, respectively.

render_gates :: FormatStyle -> Xarity -> [(Gate, X)] -> Map Wire Y -> X -> Y -> (Draw (), Draw ())

Render the gates in the circuit. The parameters are: xarity: the Xarity of the currently pending wires. xgs: the list of gates, paired with pre-computed x-coordinates. ys: a map from wires to pre-computed y-coordinates. x: the right-most x-coordinate where the final wires will be drawn to. maxh: the maximal height of comments.

ps_parameters :: FormatStyle -> String

PostScript definitions of various parameters.

ps_subroutines :: String

PostScript definitions for various drawing subroutines. The subroutines provided are:

x0 y0 x1 y1 line       : draw a line from (x0,y0) to (x1,y1)
x0 y0 x1 y1 dashedline : draw a dashed line from (x0,y0) to (x1,y1)
x y h w rect           : draw a rectangle of dimensions w x h centered at (x,y)
x y h w oval           : draw an oval of dimensions w x h centered at (x,y)
x y dot           : draw a filled dot at (x,y)
x y circ          : draw an empty dot at (x,y)
x y oplus         : draw a "not" gate at (x,y)
x y cross         : draw a cross ("swap" gate component) at (x,y)
x y bar           : draw an init/term bar at (x,y)
x y dbar          : draw a dterm bar at (x,y)
name x y box      : draw an empty box at (x,y), big enough to fit name
name x y gate     : draw a named box at (x,y)
name x y circgate : draw a named round box at (x,y)
name x y gphase   : draw a global phase gate (x,y)
b x y init        : draw an "init" gate at (x,y), with state b
b x y term        : draw a "term" gate at (x,y), with state b
b x y dterm       : draw a "dterm" gate at (x,y), with state b
string x y m b comment : draw a vertical comment at (x,y), with max height m and baseline adjustment b
string x y clabel      : draw a wire label at (x,y), x-centered
string x y rlabel      : draw a wire label at (x,y), right of x
string x y lnumber     : draw a numbered input at (x,y)
string x y rnumber     : draw a numbered output at (x,y)

page_of_ocircuit :: FormatStyle -> Maybe BoxId -> OCircuit -> Document ()

page_of_ocircuit name ocirc: Render the circuit ocirc on a single page.

The rendering takes place in the following user coordinate system:

render_bcircuit :: FormatStyle -> BCircuit -> Document ()

Render a low-level boxed quantum circuit as a graphical Document. If there are subroutines, each of them is placed on a separate page.

render_dbcircuit :: FormatStyle -> ErrMsg -> DBCircuit a -> Document ()

Render a low-level dynamic quantum circuit as a graphical Document. If there are subroutines, each of them is placed on a separate page. If the circuit uses dynamic lifting, an error is produced.

print_bcircuit_format :: FormatStyle -> BCircuit -> IO ()

Print a representation of a low-level quantum circuit, in the requested graphics format, directly to standard output. If there are boxed subcircuits, each of them is placed on a separate page.

print_dbcircuit_format :: FormatStyle -> ErrMsg -> DBCircuit a -> IO ()

Print a representation of a low-level dynamic quantum circuit, in the requested graphics format, directly to standard output. If there are boxed subcircuits, each of them is placed on a separate page. If the circuit uses dynamic lifting, an error is produced.

Previewing

preview_document :: Document a -> IO a

Display a document directly in Acrobat Reader. This may not be portable. It requires the external program "acroread" to be installed.

preview_document_custom :: Custom -> Document a -> IO a

Display a document directly in Acrobat Reader. This may not be portable. It requires the external program "acroread" to be installed.

preview_bcircuit :: BCircuit -> IO ()

Display the circuit directly in Acrobat Reader. This may not be portable. It requires the external program "acroread" to be installed.

preview_dbcircuit :: ErrMsg -> DBCircuit a -> IO ()

Display a low-level dynamic quantum circuit directly in Acrobat Reader. This may not be portable. It requires the external program "acroread" to be installed. If the circuit uses dynamic lifting, an error is produced.

Gate counts

Gate types

The type Gate contains too much information to be used as the index for counting gates: all CNot gates, for instance, should be counted together, regardless of what wires they are applied to.

We define Gatetype to remedy this, with each value of Gatetype corresponding to an equivalence class of gates as they should appear in gate counts.

During gate counting, a little more information needs to be retained, so that operations such as adding controls to subroutine counts can be accurately performed. AnnGatetype supplies this information.

type ControlType = (Int, Int)

An abbreviated representation of the controls of a gate: the number of positive and negative controls, respectively.

controltype :: Controls -> ControlType

From a list of controls, extract the number of positive and negative controls.

nocontrols :: ControlType

Convenience constant for uncontrolled gates.

data Gatetype

A data type representing equivalence classes of basic gates, for the output of gatecounts.

Constructors

Gatetype String ControlType

GatetypeSubroutine BoxId InverseFlag ControlType

Instances

Eq Gatetype

Defined in Quipper.Internal.Printing

Methods

(==) :: Gatetype -> Gatetype -> Bool

(/=) :: Gatetype -> Gatetype -> Bool

Ord Gatetype

Defined in Quipper.Internal.Printing

Methods

compare :: Gatetype -> Gatetype -> Ordering

(<) :: Gatetype -> Gatetype -> Bool

(<=) :: Gatetype -> Gatetype -> Bool

(>) :: Gatetype -> Gatetype -> Bool

(>=) :: Gatetype -> Gatetype -> Bool

max :: Gatetype -> Gatetype -> Gatetype

min :: Gatetype -> Gatetype -> Gatetype

Show Gatetype

Defined in Quipper.Internal.Printing

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Gatetype -> ShowS

show :: Gatetype -> String

showList :: [Gatetype] -> ShowS

data AnnGatetype

A data type analogous to Gatetype, but with extra annotations, e.g. a NoControlFlag, for use in the computation of gate counts.

Constructors

AnnGatetype String (Maybe String) ControlType NoControlFlag ControllableFlag

AnnGatetypeSubroutine BoxId InverseFlag ControlType NoControlFlag ControllableFlag

Instances

Eq AnnGatetype

Defined in Quipper.Internal.Printing

Methods

(==) :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype -> Bool

(/=) :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype -> Bool

Ord AnnGatetype

Defined in Quipper.Internal.Printing

Methods

compare :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype -> Ordering

(<) :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype -> Bool

(<=) :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype -> Bool

(>) :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype -> Bool

(>=) :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype -> Bool

max :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype

min :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype

Show AnnGatetype

Defined in Quipper.Internal.Printing

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> AnnGatetype -> ShowS

show :: AnnGatetype -> String

showList :: [AnnGatetype] -> ShowS

unannotate_gatetype :: AnnGatetype -> Gatetype

Forget the annotations of an AnnGatetype

add_controls_gatetype :: ErrMsg -> ControlType -> AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype

Add controls to an annotated gate type, or throw an error message if it is not controllable; unless its NoControlFlag is set, in which case leave it unchanged.

reverse_gatetype :: ErrMsg -> AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype

Reverse an annotated gate type, of throw an error if it is not reversible.

set_ncf_gatetype :: AnnGatetype -> AnnGatetype

Set the NoControlFlag of an annotated gate type to True.

with_arity :: String -> Int -> String

Helper function for gatetype: append a formatted arity to a string.

gatetype :: Gate -> AnnGatetype

Convert a given low-level gate to an annotated gate type

string_of_gatetype :: Gatetype -> String

Convert a gate type to a human-readable string.

Gate counts

type Gatecount = Map Gatetype Integer

Gate counts of circuits.

type AnnGatecount = Map AnnGatetype Integer

Annotated gate counts of circuits.

reverse_gatecount :: ErrMsg -> AnnGatecount -> AnnGatecount

Given the (annotated) gatecount of a circuit, return the gatecount of the reverse circuit, or throw an error if any component is not reversible.

add_controls_gatecount :: ErrMsg -> ControlType -> AnnGatecount -> AnnGatecount

Given the (annotated) gatecount of a circuit, return the gatecount of the same circuit with controls added, or throw an error if any component is not controllable.

set_ncf_gatecount :: AnnGatecount -> AnnGatecount

Set the ncf of all gates in a gatecount to True.

unannotate_gatecount :: AnnGatecount -> Gatecount

Remove the annotations from a gatecount.

count :: (Ord a, Num int) => [(int, a)] -> Map a int

Input a list of items and output a map from items to counts. Example:

count ['a', 'b', 'a'] = Map.fromList [('a',2), ('b',1)]

anngatecount_of_circuit :: Circuit -> AnnGatecount

Count the number of gates of each type in a circuit, with annotations, treating subroutine calls as atomic gates.

gatecount_of_circuit :: Circuit -> Gatecount

Count the number of gates of each type in a circuit, treating subroutine calls as atomic gates.

gatecount_of_subroutine_call :: ErrMsg -> AnnGatetype -> RepeatFlag -> AnnGatecount -> AnnGatecount

Given an AnnGatetype describing a subroutine call (possibly repeated), and a gate count for the subroutine itself, return the gatecount of the subroutine call.

(This may be the reverse of the original subroutine, may have controls added, etc.)

anngatecount_of_circuit_with_sub_cts :: ErrMsg -> Map BoxId AnnGatecount -> Circuit -> AnnGatecount

Given a circuit and gatecounts for its subroutines, give an (aggregated) gatecount for the circuit.

aggregate_gatecounts_of_bcircuit :: BCircuit -> Gatecount

Give the aggregate gate count of a BCircuit; that is, the the total count of basic gates once all subroutines are fully inlined.

Wire usage count

gate_wires_change :: Gate -> Integer

Count by how much a low-level gate changes the number of wires in the arity.

aggregate_maxwires_of_bcircuit :: BCircuit -> Integer

Find the maximum number of wires used simultaneously in a BCircuit, assuming all subroutines inlined.

maxwires_of_circuit_with_sub_maxwires :: ErrMsg -> Map BoxId Integer -> Circuit -> Integer

Given a circuit and gatecounts for its subroutines, give an (aggregated) gatecount for the circuit.

Printing gate counts

print_gatecount :: Gatecount -> IO ()

Print a gate count, as a table of integers and gate types.

print_gatecounts_circuit :: Circuit -> IO ()

Print the simple gate count, plus summary information, for a simple circuit.

print_gatecounts_bcircuit :: BCircuit -> IO ()

Print gate counts for a boxed circuit: first the simple gate count for each subroutine separately, then the aggregated count for the whole circuit.

print_gatecounts_subroutine :: (BoxId, TypedSubroutine) -> IO ()

Print gate counts for a named subroutine.

print_gatecounts_dbcircuit :: ErrMsg -> DBCircuit a -> IO ()

Print gate counts for a static DBCircuit. The circuit may not use any dynamic lifting, or else an error will be produced.

Printing to multiple formats

data Format

Available output formats.

Constructors

EPS

Encapsulated PostScript graphics.

PDF

Portable Document Format. One circuit per page.

PS

PostScript. One circuit per page.

ASCII

A textual representation of circuits.

Preview

Don't print anything, but preview directly on screen (requires the external program acroread).

GateCount

Print statistics on gate counts.

CustomStyle FormatStyle

Instances

Show Format

Defined in Quipper.Internal.Printing

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Format -> ShowS

show :: Format -> String

showList :: [Format] -> ShowS

format_enum :: [(String, Format)]

A mapping from lower-case strings (to be used, e.g., with command line options) to available formats.

print_dbcircuit :: Format -> ErrMsg -> DBCircuit a -> IO ()

Print a low-level quantum circuit directly to the IO monad, using the specified format.

print_of_document :: Format -> Document a -> IO a

Print a document to the requested format, which must be one of PS, PDF, EPS, or Preview.

print_of_document_custom :: Custom -> Format -> Document a -> IO a

Like print_of_document, but also takes a Custom data structure.

Generic printing

print_errmsg :: QCData qa => ErrMsg -> Format -> (qa -> Circ b) -> qa -> IO ()

Like print_unary, but also takes a stub error message.

print_unary :: QCData qa => Format -> (qa -> Circ b) -> qa -> IO ()

Print a circuit generating function to the specified format; this requires a shape parameter.

print_generic :: (QCData qa, QCurry qfun qa b, Curry fun qa (IO ())) => Format -> qfun -> fun

Print a circuit generating function to the specified format. Unlike print_unary, this can be applied to a circuit-generating function in curried form with n arguments, for any n >= 0. It then requires n shape parameters.

The type of this heavily overloaded function is difficult to read. In more readable form, it has all of the following types:

print_generic :: Format -> Circ qa -> IO ()
print_generic :: (QCData qa) => Format -> (qa -> Circ qb) -> a -> IO ()
print_generic :: (QCData qa, QCData qb) => Format -> (qa -> qb -> Circ qc) -> a -> b -> IO ()

and so forth.

print_simple :: (QCData qa, QCurry qfun qa b, Curry fun qa (IO ()), QCData_Simple qa) => Format -> qfun -> IO ()

Like print_generic, but only works at simple types, and therefore requires no shape parameters.