sbv-7.7: SMT Based Verification: Symbolic Haskell theorem prover using SMT solving.

Copyright(c) Levent Erkok
LicenseBSD3
Maintainererkokl@gmail.com
Stabilityexperimental
Safe HaskellNone
LanguageHaskell2010

Documentation.SBV.Examples.Queries.FourFours

Description

A query based solution to the four-fours puzzle. Inspired by http://www.gigamonkeys.com/trees/

Try to make every number between 0 and 20 using only four 4s and any
mathematical operation, with all four 4s being used each time.

We pretty much follow the structure of http://www.gigamonkeys.com/trees/, with the exception that we generate the trees filled with symbolic operators and ask the SMT solver to find the appropriate fillings.

Synopsis

Documentation

data BinOp Source #

Supported binary operators. To keep the search-space small, we will only allow division by 2 or 4, and exponentiation will only be to the power 0. This does restrict the search space, but is sufficient to solve all the instances.

Constructors

Plus 
Minus 
Times 
Divide 
Expt 

Instances

Eq BinOp Source # 

Methods

(==) :: BinOp -> BinOp -> Bool #

(/=) :: BinOp -> BinOp -> Bool #

Data BinOp Source # 

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> BinOp -> c BinOp #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c BinOp #

toConstr :: BinOp -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: BinOp -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable (* -> *) t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c BinOp) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable (* -> * -> *) t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c BinOp) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> BinOp -> BinOp #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> BinOp -> r #

gmapQr :: (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> BinOp -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> BinOp -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> BinOp -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> BinOp -> m BinOp #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> BinOp -> m BinOp #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> BinOp -> m BinOp #

Ord BinOp Source # 

Methods

compare :: BinOp -> BinOp -> Ordering #

(<) :: BinOp -> BinOp -> Bool #

(<=) :: BinOp -> BinOp -> Bool #

(>) :: BinOp -> BinOp -> Bool #

(>=) :: BinOp -> BinOp -> Bool #

max :: BinOp -> BinOp -> BinOp #

min :: BinOp -> BinOp -> BinOp #

Read BinOp Source # 
Show BinOp Source # 

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> BinOp -> ShowS #

show :: BinOp -> String #

showList :: [BinOp] -> ShowS #

HasKind BinOp Source # 
SymWord BinOp Source # 
SatModel BinOp Source #

Make BinOp a symbolic value.

Methods

parseCWs :: [CW] -> Maybe (BinOp, [CW]) Source #

cvtModel :: (BinOp -> Maybe b) -> Maybe (BinOp, [CW]) -> Maybe (b, [CW]) Source #

SMTValue BinOp Source # 

Methods

sexprToVal :: SExpr -> Maybe BinOp Source #

Show (T BinOp UnOp) Source #

A rudimentary Show instance for trees, nothing fancy.

data UnOp Source #

Supported unary operators. Similar to BinOp case, we will restrict square-root and factorial to be only applied to the value @4.

Constructors

Negate 
Sqrt 
Factorial 

Instances

Eq UnOp Source # 

Methods

(==) :: UnOp -> UnOp -> Bool #

(/=) :: UnOp -> UnOp -> Bool #

Data UnOp Source # 

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> UnOp -> c UnOp #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c UnOp #

toConstr :: UnOp -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: UnOp -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable (* -> *) t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c UnOp) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable (* -> * -> *) t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c UnOp) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> UnOp -> UnOp #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> UnOp -> r #

gmapQr :: (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> UnOp -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> UnOp -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> UnOp -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> UnOp -> m UnOp #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> UnOp -> m UnOp #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> UnOp -> m UnOp #

Ord UnOp Source # 

Methods

compare :: UnOp -> UnOp -> Ordering #

(<) :: UnOp -> UnOp -> Bool #

(<=) :: UnOp -> UnOp -> Bool #

(>) :: UnOp -> UnOp -> Bool #

(>=) :: UnOp -> UnOp -> Bool #

max :: UnOp -> UnOp -> UnOp #

min :: UnOp -> UnOp -> UnOp #

Read UnOp Source # 
Show UnOp Source # 

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> UnOp -> ShowS #

show :: UnOp -> String #

showList :: [UnOp] -> ShowS #

HasKind UnOp Source # 
SymWord UnOp Source # 
SatModel UnOp Source #

Make UnOp a symbolic value.

Methods

parseCWs :: [CW] -> Maybe (UnOp, [CW]) Source #

cvtModel :: (UnOp -> Maybe b) -> Maybe (UnOp, [CW]) -> Maybe (b, [CW]) Source #

SMTValue UnOp Source # 

Methods

sexprToVal :: SExpr -> Maybe UnOp Source #

Show (T BinOp UnOp) Source #

A rudimentary Show instance for trees, nothing fancy.

type SBinOp = SBV BinOp Source #

Symbolic variant of BinOp.

type SUnOp = SBV UnOp Source #

Symbolic variant of UnOp.

data T b u Source #

The shape of a tree, either a binary node, or a unary node, or the number 4, represented hear by the constructor F. We parameterize by the operator type: When doing symbolic computations, we'll fill those with SBinOp and SUnOp. When finding the shapes, we will simply put unit values, i.e., holes.

Constructors

B b (T b u) (T b u) 
U u (T b u) 
F 

Instances

Show (T BinOp UnOp) Source #

A rudimentary Show instance for trees, nothing fancy.

allPossibleTrees :: [T () ()] Source #

Construct all possible tree shapes. The argument here follows the logic in http://www.gigamonkeys.com/trees/: We simply construct all possible shapes and extend with the operators. The number of such trees is:

>>> length allPossibleTrees
640

Note that this is a lot smaller than what is generated by http://www.gigamonkeys.com/trees/. (There, the number of trees is 10240000: 16000 times more than what we have to consider!)

fill :: T () () -> Symbolic (T SBinOp SUnOp) Source #

Given a tree with hols, fill it with symbolic operators. This is the trick that allows us to consider only 640 trees as opposed to over 10 million.

sCase :: (SymWord a, Mergeable v) => SBV a -> [(a, v)] -> v Source #

Minor helper for writing "symbolic" case statements. Simply walks down a list of values to match against a symbolic version of the key.

eval :: T SBinOp SUnOp -> Symbolic SInteger Source #

Evaluate a symbolic tree, obtaining a symbolic value. Note how we structure this evaluation so we impose extra constraints on what values square-root, divide etc. can take. This is the power of the symbolic approach: We can put arbitrary symbolic constraints as we evaluate the tree.

generate :: Integer -> T () () -> IO (Maybe (T BinOp UnOp)) Source #

In the query mode, find a filling of a given tree shape t, such that it evalutes to the requested number i. Note that we return back a concrete tree.

find :: Integer -> IO () Source #

Given an integer, walk through all possible tree shapes (at most 640 of them), and find a filling that solves the puzzle.

puzzle :: IO () Source #

Solution to the puzzle. When you run this puzzle, the solver can produce different results than what's shown here, but the expressions should still be all valid!

ghci> puzzle
 0 [OK]: (4 - (4 + (4 - 4)))
 1 [OK]: (4 / (4 + (4 - 4)))
 2 [OK]: sqrt((4 + (4 * (4 - 4))))
 3 [OK]: (4 - (4 ^ (4 - 4)))
 4 [OK]: (4 + (4 * (4 - 4)))
 5 [OK]: (4 + (4 ^ (4 - 4)))
 6 [OK]: (4 + sqrt((4 * (4 / 4))))
 7 [OK]: (4 + (4 - (4 / 4)))
 8 [OK]: (4 - (4 - (4 + 4)))
 9 [OK]: (4 + (4 + (4 / 4)))
10 [OK]: (4 + (4 + (4 - sqrt(4))))
11 [OK]: (4 + ((4 + 4!) / 4))
12 [OK]: (4 * (4 - (4 / 4)))
13 [OK]: (4! + ((sqrt(4) - 4!) / sqrt(4)))
14 [OK]: (4 + (4 + (4 + sqrt(4))))
15 [OK]: (4 + ((4! - sqrt(4)) / sqrt(4)))
16 [OK]: (4 * (4 * (4 / 4)))
17 [OK]: (4 + ((sqrt(4) + 4!) / sqrt(4)))
18 [OK]: -(4 + (4 - (sqrt(4) + 4!)))
19 [OK]: -(4 - (4! - (4 / 4)))
20 [OK]: (4 * (4 + (4 / 4)))