Safe Haskell | None |
---|---|
Language | Haskell2010 |
- data Stream f m r
- unfold :: (Monad m, Functor f) => (s -> m (Either r (f s))) -> s -> Stream f m r
- construct :: (forall b. (f b -> b) -> (m b -> b) -> (r -> b) -> b) -> Stream f m r
- for :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Stream (Of a) m r -> (a -> Stream f m x) -> Stream f m r
- layer :: (Monad m, Functor f) => f r -> Stream f m r
- layers :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Stream (Of a) m r -> (a -> f x) -> Stream f m r
- replicates :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Int -> f () -> Stream f m ()
- repeats :: (Monad m, Functor f) => f () -> Stream f m r
- repeatsM :: (Monad m, Functor f) => m (f ()) -> Stream f m r
- delay :: (Monad m, Functor f) => m (Stream f m r) -> Stream f m r
- wrap :: (Monad m, Functor f) => f (Stream f m r) -> Stream f m r
- decompose :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Stream (Compose m f) m r -> Stream f m r
- maps :: (Monad m, Functor f) => (forall x. f x -> g x) -> Stream f m r -> Stream g m r
- mapsM :: (Monad m, Functor f) => (forall x. f x -> m (g x)) -> Stream f m r -> Stream g m r
- distribute :: (Monad m, Functor f, MonadTrans t, MFunctor t, Monad (t (Stream f m))) => Stream f (t m) r -> t (Stream f m) r
- eithers :: (Monad m, Applicative h) => (forall x. f x -> h x) -> (forall x. g x -> h x) -> Stream (Sum f g) m r -> Stream h m r
- inspect :: (Functor f, Monad m) => Stream f m r -> m (Either r (f (Stream f m r)))
- zips :: (Monad m, Functor f, Functor g) => Stream f m r -> Stream g m r -> Stream (Compose f g) m r
- zipsWith :: (Monad m, Functor h) => (forall x y. f x -> g y -> h (x, y)) -> Stream f m r -> Stream g m r -> Stream h m r
- interleaves :: (Monad m, Applicative h) => Stream h m r -> Stream h m r -> Stream h m r
- iterTM :: (Functor f, Monad m, MonadTrans t, Monad (t m)) => (f (t m a) -> t m a) -> Stream f m a -> t m a
- iterT :: (Functor f, Monad m) => (f (m a) -> m a) -> Stream f m a -> m a
- destroy :: (Functor f, Monad m) => Stream f m r -> (f b -> b) -> (m b -> b) -> (r -> b) -> b
- mapsM_ :: (Functor f, Monad m) => (forall x. f x -> m x) -> Stream f m r -> m r
- run :: Monad m => Stream m m r -> m r
- splitsAt :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Int -> Stream f m r -> Stream f m (Stream f m r)
- takes :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Int -> Stream f m r -> Stream f m ()
- chunksOf :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Int -> Stream f m r -> Stream (Stream f m) m r
- concats :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Stream (Stream f m) m r -> Stream f m r
- intercalates :: (Monad m, Monad (t m), MonadTrans t) => t m a -> Stream (t m) m b -> t m b
- data Of a b = !a :> b
- lazily :: Of a b -> (a, b)
- strictly :: (a, b) -> Of a b
- class MFunctor t where
- class (MFunctor t, MonadTrans t) => MMonad t where
- class MonadTrans t where
- class Monad m => MonadIO m where
- newtype Compose f g a :: (* -> *) -> (* -> *) -> * -> * = Compose {
- getCompose :: f (g a)
- join :: Monad m => m (m a) -> m a
- liftA2 :: Applicative f => (a -> b -> c) -> f a -> f b -> f c
- liftA3 :: Applicative f => (a -> b -> c -> d) -> f a -> f b -> f c -> f d
- void :: Functor f => f a -> f ()
Free monad transformer
The Stream
data type is equivalent to FreeT
and can represent any effectful
succession of steps, where the form of the steps or commands
is
specified by the first (functor) parameter. The present module exports
functions that pertain to that general case. So for example, if the
functor is
data Split r = Split r r
The Stream Split m r
will the type of binary trees with r
at the leaves
and in which each episode of branching results from an m
-effect.
In the simplest case, the base functor is (,) a
. Here the news
or command at each step is an individual element of type a
,
i.e. the command is a yield
statement. The associated
Streaming
Prelude
uses the left-strict pair Of a b
in place of the Haskell pair (a,b)
and operations like e.g.
chunksOf :: Monad m => Int -> Stream f m r -> Stream (Stream f m) m r mapsM Streaming.Prelude.length' :: Stream (Stream (Of a) m) r -> Stream (Of Int) m r
Functor f => MFunctor (Stream f) Source | |
Functor f => MMonad (Stream f) Source | |
Functor f => MonadTrans (Stream f) Source | |
(Functor f, Monad m) => Monad (Stream f m) Source | |
(Functor f, Monad m) => Functor (Stream f m) Source | |
(Functor f, Monad m) => Applicative (Stream f m) Source | |
(MonadIO m, Functor f) => MonadIO (Stream f m) Source | |
(Eq r, Eq (m (Stream f m r)), Eq (f (Stream f m r))) => Eq (Stream f m r) Source | |
(Typeable (* -> *) f, Typeable (* -> *) m, Data r, Data (m (Stream f m r)), Data (f (Stream f m r))) => Data (Stream f m r) Source | |
(Show r, Show (m (Stream f m r)), Show (f (Stream f m r))) => Show (Stream f m r) Source |
Constructing a Stream
on a base functor
unfold :: (Monad m, Functor f) => (s -> m (Either r (f s))) -> s -> Stream f m r Source
Build a Stream
by unfolding steps starting from a seed. See also
the specialized unfoldr
in the prelude.
unfold inspect = id -- modulo the quotient we work with unfold Pipes.next :: Monad m => Producer a m r -> Stream ((,) a) m r unfold (curry (:>) . Pipes.next) :: Monad m => Producer a m r -> Stream (Of a) m r
construct :: (forall b. (f b -> b) -> (m b -> b) -> (r -> b) -> b) -> Stream f m r Source
Reflect a church-encoded stream; cp. GHC.Exts.build
for :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Stream (Of a) m r -> (a -> Stream f m x) -> Stream f m r Source
for
replaces each element of a stream with an associated stream. Note that the
associated stream may layer any functor.
layer :: (Monad m, Functor f) => f r -> Stream f m r Source
Lift for items in the base functor. Makes a singleton or one-layer succession.`
replicates :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Int -> f () -> Stream f m () Source
Repeat a functorial layer, command or instruct several times.
repeats :: (Monad m, Functor f) => f () -> Stream f m r Source
Repeat a functorial layer, command or instruction forever.
Transforming streams
decompose :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Stream (Compose m f) m r -> Stream f m r Source
Resort a succession of layers of the form m (f x)
. Though mapsM
is best understood as:
mapsM phi = decompose . maps (Compose . phi)
we could as well define decompose
by mapsM
:
decompose = mapsM getCompose
maps :: (Monad m, Functor f) => (forall x. f x -> g x) -> Stream f m r -> Stream g m r Source
Map layers of one functor to another with a transformation
mapsM :: (Monad m, Functor f) => (forall x. f x -> m (g x)) -> Stream f m r -> Stream g m r Source
Map layers of one functor to another with a transformation involving the base monad
maps
is more fundamental than mapsM
, which is best understood as a convenience
for effecting this frequent composition:
mapsM phi = decompose . maps (Compose . phi)
distribute :: (Monad m, Functor f, MonadTrans t, MFunctor t, Monad (t (Stream f m))) => Stream f (t m) r -> t (Stream f m) r Source
Make it possible to 'run' the underlying transformed monad.
eithers :: (Monad m, Applicative h) => (forall x. f x -> h x) -> (forall x. g x -> h x) -> Stream (Sum f g) m r -> Stream h m r Source
Inspecting a stream
inspect :: (Functor f, Monad m) => Stream f m r -> m (Either r (f (Stream f m r))) Source
Inspect the first stage of a freely layered sequence.
Compare Pipes.next
and the replica Streaming.Prelude.next
.
This is the uncons
for the general unfold
.
unfold inspect = id Streaming.Prelude.unfoldr StreamingPrelude.next = id
Zipping streams
zips :: (Monad m, Functor f, Functor g) => Stream f m r -> Stream g m r -> Stream (Compose f g) m r Source
zipsWith :: (Monad m, Functor h) => (forall x y. f x -> g y -> h (x, y)) -> Stream f m r -> Stream g m r -> Stream h m r Source
interleaves :: (Monad m, Applicative h) => Stream h m r -> Stream h m r -> Stream h m r Source
Interleave functor layers, with the effects of the first preceding the effects of the second.
interleaves = zipsWith (liftA2 (,))
>>>
let paste = \a b -> interleaves (Q.lines a) (maps (Q.cons' '\t') (Q.lines b))
>>>
Q.stdout $ Q.unlines $ paste "hello\nworld\n" "goodbye\nworld\n"
hello goodbye world world
Eliminating a Stream
iterTM :: (Functor f, Monad m, MonadTrans t, Monad (t m)) => (f (t m a) -> t m a) -> Stream f m a -> t m a Source
Specialized fold
iterTM alg stream = destroy stream alg (join . lift) return
iterT :: (Functor f, Monad m) => (f (m a) -> m a) -> Stream f m a -> m a Source
Specialized fold
iterT alg stream = destroy stream alg join return
destroy :: (Functor f, Monad m) => Stream f m r -> (f b -> b) -> (m b -> b) -> (r -> b) -> b Source
Map a stream directly to its church encoding; compare Data.List.foldr
It permits distinctions that should be hidden, as can be seen from
e.g.
isPure stream = destroy_ (const True) (const False) (const True)
and similar nonsense. The crucial
constraint is that the m x -> x
argument is an Eilenberg-Moore algebra.
See Atkey "Reasoning about Stream Processing with Effects"
The destroy exported by the safe modules is
destroy str = destroy (observe str)
mapsM_ :: (Functor f, Monad m) => (forall x. f x -> m x) -> Stream f m r -> m r Source
Map each layer to an effect in the base monad, and run them all.
Splitting and joining Stream
s
splitsAt :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Int -> Stream f m r -> Stream f m (Stream f m r) Source
Split a succession of layers after some number, returning a streaming or effectful pair.
>>>
rest <- S.print $ S.splitAt 1 $ each [1..3]
1>>>
S.print rest
2 3
chunksOf :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Int -> Stream f m r -> Stream (Stream f m) m r Source
Break a stream into substreams each with n functorial layers.
>>>
S.print $ maps' sum' $ chunksOf 2 $ each [1,1,1,1,1,1,1]
2 2 2 1
concats :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Stream (Stream f m) m r -> Stream f m r Source
Dissolves the segmentation into layers of Stream f m
layers.
concats stream = destroy stream join (join . lift) return
>>>
S.print $ concats $ maps (cons 1776) $ chunksOf 2 (each [1..5])
1776 1 2 1776 3 4 1776 5
intercalates :: (Monad m, Monad (t m), MonadTrans t) => t m a -> Stream (t m) m b -> t m b Source
Interpolate a layer at each segment. This specializes to e.g.
intercalates :: (Monad m, Functor f) => Stream f m () -> Stream (Stream f m) m r -> Stream f m r
Base functor for streams of individual items
A left-strict pair; the base functor for streams of individual elements.
!a :> b infixr 5 |
Monoid a => Monad (Of a) Source | |
Functor (Of a) Source | |
Monoid a => Applicative (Of a) Source | |
Foldable (Of a) Source | |
Traversable (Of a) Source | |
(Eq a, Eq b) => Eq (Of a b) Source | |
(Data a, Data b) => Data (Of a b) Source | |
(Ord a, Ord b) => Ord (Of a b) Source | |
(Read a, Read b) => Read (Of a b) Source | |
(Show a, Show b) => Show (Of a b) Source | |
(Monoid a, Monoid b) => Monoid (Of a b) Source |
lazily :: Of a b -> (a, b) Source
Note that lazily
, strictly
, fst'
, and mapOf
are all so-called natural transformations on the primitive Of a
functor
If we write
type f ~> g = forall x . f x -> g x
then we have
mapOf :: (a -> b) -> Of a ~> Of b lazily :: Of a -> (,) a fst' :: Of a -> Identity a
Manipulation of a Stream f m r
by mapping often turns on recognizing natural transformations of f
,
thus
S.map :: (a -> b) -> Stream (Of a) m r -> Stream (Of b) m r S.map f = maps (mapOf f)
This rests on recognizing that mapOf
is a natural transformation; note though
that it results in such a transformation as well:
S.map :: (a -> b) -> Stream (Of a) m ~> Stream (Of b) m
re-exports
class MFunctor t where
A functor in the category of monads, using hoist
as the analog of fmap
:
hoist (f . g) = hoist f . hoist g hoist id = id
hoist :: Monad m => (forall a. m a -> n a) -> t m b -> t n b
Lift a monad morphism from m
to n
into a monad morphism from
(t m)
to (t n)
MFunctor ListT | |
MFunctor Backwards | |
MFunctor MaybeT | |
MFunctor IdentityT | |
MFunctor Lift | |
MFunctor (ReaderT r) | |
MFunctor (StateT s) | |
MFunctor (StateT s) | |
MFunctor (ExceptT e) | |
MFunctor (ErrorT e) | |
MFunctor (WriterT w) | |
MFunctor (WriterT w) | |
MFunctor (Product f) | |
Functor f => MFunctor (Compose f) | |
Functor f => MFunctor (Stream f) | |
MFunctor (RWST r w s) | |
MFunctor (RWST r w s) |
class (MFunctor t, MonadTrans t) => MMonad t where
A monad in the category of monads, using lift
from MonadTrans
as the
analog of return
and embed
as the analog of (=<<
):
embed lift = id embed f (lift m) = f m embed g (embed f t) = embed (\m -> embed g (f m)) t
class MonadTrans t where
The class of monad transformers. Instances should satisfy the
following laws, which state that lift
is a monad transformation:
MonadTrans ListT | |
MonadTrans MaybeT | |
MonadTrans IdentityT | |
MonadTrans (ReaderT r) | |
MonadTrans (StateT s) | |
MonadTrans (StateT s) | |
MonadTrans (ExceptT e) | |
Error e => MonadTrans (ErrorT e) | |
Monoid w => MonadTrans (WriterT w) | |
Monoid w => MonadTrans (WriterT w) | |
Functor f => MonadTrans (Stream f) | |
Monoid w => MonadTrans (RWST r w s) | |
Monoid w => MonadTrans (RWST r w s) |
class Monad m => MonadIO m where
Monads in which IO
computations may be embedded.
Any monad built by applying a sequence of monad transformers to the
IO
monad will be an instance of this class.
Instances should satisfy the following laws, which state that liftIO
is a transformer of monads:
MonadIO IO | |
MonadIO m => MonadIO (ListT m) | |
MonadIO m => MonadIO (MaybeT m) | |
MonadIO m => MonadIO (IdentityT m) | |
MonadIO m => MonadIO (ReaderT r m) | |
MonadIO m => MonadIO (StateT s m) | |
MonadIO m => MonadIO (StateT s m) | |
MonadIO m => MonadIO (ExceptT e m) | |
(Error e, MonadIO m) => MonadIO (ErrorT e m) | |
(Monoid w, MonadIO m) => MonadIO (WriterT w m) | |
(Monoid w, MonadIO m) => MonadIO (WriterT w m) | |
(MonadIO m, Functor f) => MonadIO (Stream f m) | |
(Monoid w, MonadIO m) => MonadIO (RWST r w s m) | |
(Monoid w, MonadIO m) => MonadIO (RWST r w s m) |
newtype Compose f g a :: (* -> *) -> (* -> *) -> * -> * infixr 9
Right-to-left composition of functors. The composition of applicative functors is always applicative, but the composition of monads is not always a monad.
Compose infixr 9 | |
|
Functor f => MFunctor (Compose f) | |
(Functor f, Functor g) => Functor (Compose f g) | |
(Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (Compose f g) | |
(Foldable f, Foldable g) => Foldable (Compose f g) | |
(Traversable f, Traversable g) => Traversable (Compose f g) | |
(Alternative f, Applicative g) => Alternative (Compose f g) | |
(Functor f, Eq1 f, Eq1 g) => Eq1 (Compose f g) | |
(Functor f, Ord1 f, Ord1 g) => Ord1 (Compose f g) | |
(Functor f, Read1 f, Read1 g) => Read1 (Compose f g) | |
(Functor f, Show1 f, Show1 g) => Show1 (Compose f g) | |
(Functor f, Eq1 f, Eq1 g, Eq a) => Eq (Compose f g a) | |
(Functor f, Ord1 f, Ord1 g, Ord a) => Ord (Compose f g a) | |
(Functor f, Read1 f, Read1 g, Read a) => Read (Compose f g a) | |
(Functor f, Show1 f, Show1 g, Show a) => Show (Compose f g a) |
join :: Monad m => m (m a) -> m a
The join
function is the conventional monad join operator. It
is used to remove one level of monadic structure, projecting its
bound argument into the outer level.
liftA2 :: Applicative f => (a -> b -> c) -> f a -> f b -> f c
Lift a binary function to actions.
liftA3 :: Applicative f => (a -> b -> c -> d) -> f a -> f b -> f c -> f d
Lift a ternary function to actions.
void :: Functor f => f a -> f ()
discards or ignores the result of evaluation, such
as the return value of an void
valueIO
action.
Examples
Replace the contents of a
with unit:Maybe
Int
>>>
void Nothing
Nothing>>>
void (Just 3)
Just ()
Replace the contents of an
with unit,
resulting in an Either
Int
Int
:Either
Int
'()'
>>>
void (Left 8675309)
Left 8675309>>>
void (Right 8675309)
Right ()
Replace every element of a list with unit:
>>>
void [1,2,3]
[(),(),()]
Replace the second element of a pair with unit:
>>>
void (1,2)
(1,())
Discard the result of an IO
action:
>>>
mapM print [1,2]
1 2 [(),()]>>>
void $ mapM print [1,2]
1 2