Safe Haskell | None |
---|---|
Language | Haskell2010 |
Provides a high-level interface for processing YAML files.
This module reuses most of the infrastructure from the aeson
package.
This means that you can use all of the existing tools for JSON
processing for processing YAML files. As a result, much of the
documentation below mentions JSON; do not let that confuse you, it's
intentional.
For the most part, YAML content translates directly into JSON, and therefore there is very little data loss. If you need to deal with YAML more directly (e.g., directly deal with aliases), you should use the Text.Libyaml module instead.
For documentation on the aeson
types, functions, classes, and
operators, please see the Data.Aeson
module of the aeson
package.
Look in the examples directory of the source repository for some initial pointers on how to use this library.
Synopsis
- encode :: ToJSON a => a -> ByteString
- encodeWith :: ToJSON a => EncodeOptions -> a -> ByteString
- encodeFile :: ToJSON a => FilePath -> a -> IO ()
- encodeFileWith :: ToJSON a => EncodeOptions -> FilePath -> a -> IO ()
- decodeEither' :: FromJSON a => ByteString -> Either ParseException a
- decodeFileEither :: FromJSON a => FilePath -> IO (Either ParseException a)
- decodeFileWithWarnings :: FromJSON a => FilePath -> IO (Either ParseException ([Warning], a))
- decodeThrow :: (MonadThrow m, FromJSON a) => ByteString -> m a
- decodeFileThrow :: (MonadIO m, FromJSON a) => FilePath -> m a
- decodeHelper :: FromJSON a => ConduitM () Event Parse () -> IO (Either ParseException ([Warning], Either String a))
- data Value
- data Parser a
- type Object = HashMap Text Value
- type Array = Vector Value
- data ParseException
- prettyPrintParseException :: ParseException -> String
- data YamlException
- data YamlMark = YamlMark {}
- object :: [Pair] -> Value
- array :: [Value] -> Value
- (.=) :: (KeyValue kv, ToJSON v) => Text -> v -> kv
- (.:) :: FromJSON a => Object -> Text -> Parser a
- (.:?) :: FromJSON a => Object -> Text -> Parser (Maybe a)
- (.!=) :: Parser (Maybe a) -> a -> Parser a
- withObject :: String -> (Object -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a
- withText :: String -> (Text -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a
- withArray :: String -> (Array -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a
- withScientific :: String -> (Scientific -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a
- withBool :: String -> (Bool -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a
- parseMonad :: Monad m => (a -> Parser b) -> a -> m b
- parseEither :: (a -> Parser b) -> a -> Either String b
- parseMaybe :: (a -> Parser b) -> a -> Maybe b
- class ToJSON a where
- class FromJSON a where
- isSpecialString :: Text -> Bool
- data EncodeOptions
- defaultEncodeOptions :: EncodeOptions
- setStringStyle :: (Text -> (Tag, Style)) -> EncodeOptions -> EncodeOptions
- setFormat :: FormatOptions -> EncodeOptions -> EncodeOptions
- data FormatOptions
- defaultFormatOptions :: FormatOptions
- setWidth :: Maybe Int -> FormatOptions -> FormatOptions
- decode :: FromJSON a => ByteString -> Maybe a
- decodeFile :: FromJSON a => FilePath -> IO (Maybe a)
- decodeEither :: FromJSON a => ByteString -> Either String a
Encoding
encode :: ToJSON a => a -> ByteString Source #
Encode a value into its YAML representation.
encodeWith :: ToJSON a => EncodeOptions -> a -> ByteString Source #
Encode a value into its YAML representation with custom styling.
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
encodeFile :: ToJSON a => FilePath -> a -> IO () Source #
Encode a value into its YAML representation and save to the given file.
encodeFileWith :: ToJSON a => EncodeOptions -> FilePath -> a -> IO () Source #
Encode a value into its YAML representation with custom styling and save to the given file.
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
Decoding
decodeEither' :: FromJSON a => ByteString -> Either ParseException a Source #
More helpful version of decodeEither
which returns the YamlException
.
Since: yaml-0.8.3
decodeFileEither :: FromJSON a => FilePath -> IO (Either ParseException a) Source #
A version of decodeFile
which should not throw runtime exceptions.
Since: yaml-0.8.4
decodeFileWithWarnings :: FromJSON a => FilePath -> IO (Either ParseException ([Warning], a)) Source #
A version of decodeFileEither
that returns warnings along with the parse
result.
Since: yaml-0.10.0
decodeThrow :: (MonadThrow m, FromJSON a) => ByteString -> m a Source #
A version of decodeEither'
lifted to MonadThrow
Since: yaml-0.8.31
decodeFileThrow :: (MonadIO m, FromJSON a) => FilePath -> m a Source #
A version of decodeFileEither
lifted to MonadIO
Since: yaml-0.8.31
More control over decoding
decodeHelper :: FromJSON a => ConduitM () Event Parse () -> IO (Either ParseException ([Warning], Either String a)) Source #
Types
A JSON value represented as a Haskell value.
Instances
Eq Value | |
Data Value | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Value -> c Value # gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c Value # dataTypeOf :: Value -> DataType # dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c Value) # dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c Value) # gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Value -> Value # gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Value -> r # gmapQr :: (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Value -> r # gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Value -> [u] # gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Value -> u # gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Value -> m Value # gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Value -> m Value # gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Value -> m Value # | |
Read Value | |
Show Value | |
IsString Value | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal fromString :: String -> Value # | |
Generic Value | |
Lift Value | |
Hashable Value | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal | |
ToJSON Value | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON | |
KeyValue Pair | |
FromJSON Value | |
NFData Value | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal | |
FromString Encoding | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON fromString :: String -> Encoding | |
FromString Value | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON fromString :: String -> Value | |
GToJSON Encoding arity (U1 :: * -> *) | |
GToJSON Value arity (V1 :: * -> *) | |
GToJSON Value arity (U1 :: * -> *) | |
ToJSON1 f => GToJSON Encoding One (Rec1 f) | |
ToJSON1 f => GToJSON Value One (Rec1 f) | |
ToJSON a => GToJSON Encoding arity (K1 i a :: * -> *) | |
(EncodeProduct arity a, EncodeProduct arity b) => GToJSON Encoding arity (a :*: b) | |
ToJSON a => GToJSON Value arity (K1 i a :: * -> *) | |
(WriteProduct arity a, WriteProduct arity b, ProductSize a, ProductSize b) => GToJSON Value arity (a :*: b) | |
(ToJSON1 f, GToJSON Encoding One g) => GToJSON Encoding One (f :.: g) | |
(ToJSON1 f, GToJSON Value One g) => GToJSON Value One (f :.: g) | |
FromPairs Value (DList Pair) | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON | |
v ~ Value => KeyValuePair v (DList Pair) | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON | |
(GToJSON Encoding arity a, ConsToJSON Encoding arity a, Constructor c) => SumToJSON' TwoElemArray Encoding arity (C1 c a) | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON | |
(GToJSON Value arity a, ConsToJSON Value arity a, Constructor c) => SumToJSON' TwoElemArray Value arity (C1 c a) | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.ToJSON | |
type Rep Value | |
Defined in Data.Aeson.Types.Internal type Rep Value = D1 (MetaData "Value" "Data.Aeson.Types.Internal" "aeson-1.4.1.0-JaiCPnIg80cGqC9EfqkML4" False) ((C1 (MetaCons "Object" PrefixI False) (S1 (MetaSel (Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) NoSourceUnpackedness SourceStrict DecidedStrict) (Rec0 Object)) :+: (C1 (MetaCons "Array" PrefixI False) (S1 (MetaSel (Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) NoSourceUnpackedness SourceStrict DecidedStrict) (Rec0 Array)) :+: C1 (MetaCons "String" PrefixI False) (S1 (MetaSel (Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) NoSourceUnpackedness SourceStrict DecidedStrict) (Rec0 Text)))) :+: (C1 (MetaCons "Number" PrefixI False) (S1 (MetaSel (Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) NoSourceUnpackedness SourceStrict DecidedStrict) (Rec0 Scientific)) :+: (C1 (MetaCons "Bool" PrefixI False) (S1 (MetaSel (Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) NoSourceUnpackedness SourceStrict DecidedStrict) (Rec0 Bool)) :+: C1 (MetaCons "Null" PrefixI False) (U1 :: * -> *)))) |
A JSON parser. N.B. This might not fit your usual understanding of
"parser". Instead you might like to think of Parser
as a "parse result",
i.e. a parser to which the input has already been applied.
data ParseException Source #
NonScalarKey | |
UnknownAlias | |
UnexpectedEvent | |
InvalidYaml (Maybe YamlException) | |
AesonException String | |
OtherParseException SomeException | |
NonStringKeyAlias AnchorName Value | |
CyclicIncludes |
Instances
Show ParseException Source # | |
Defined in Data.Yaml.Internal showsPrec :: Int -> ParseException -> ShowS # show :: ParseException -> String # showList :: [ParseException] -> ShowS # | |
Exception ParseException Source # | |
Defined in Data.Yaml.Internal |
prettyPrintParseException :: ParseException -> String Source #
Alternative to show
to display a ParseException
on the screen.
Instead of displaying the data constructors applied to their arguments,
a more textual output is returned. For example, instead of printing:
InvalidYaml (Just (YamlParseException {yamlProblem = "did not find expected ',' or '}'", yamlContext = "while parsing a flow mapping", yamlProblemMark = YamlMark {yamlIndex = 42, yamlLine = 2, yamlColumn = 12}})))
It looks more pleasant to print:
YAML parse exception at line 2, column 12, while parsing a flow mapping: did not find expected ',' or '}'
Since 0.8.11
data YamlException Source #
YamlException String | |
YamlParseException | problem, context, index, position line, position column |
Instances
Show YamlException Source # | |
Defined in Text.Libyaml showsPrec :: Int -> YamlException -> ShowS # show :: YamlException -> String # showList :: [YamlException] -> ShowS # | |
Exception YamlException Source # | |
Defined in Text.Libyaml |
The pointer position
Constructors and accessors
(.:) :: FromJSON a => Object -> Text -> Parser a #
Retrieve the value associated with the given key of an Object
.
The result is empty
if the key is not present or the value cannot
be converted to the desired type.
This accessor is appropriate if the key and value must be present
in an object for it to be valid. If the key and value are
optional, use .:?
instead.
(.:?) :: FromJSON a => Object -> Text -> Parser (Maybe a) #
Retrieve the value associated with the given key of an Object
. The
result is Nothing
if the key is not present or if its value is Null
,
or empty
if the value cannot be converted to the desired type.
This accessor is most useful if the key and value can be absent
from an object without affecting its validity. If the key and
value are mandatory, use .:
instead.
(.!=) :: Parser (Maybe a) -> a -> Parser a #
Helper for use in combination with .:?
to provide default
values for optional JSON object fields.
This combinator is most useful if the key and value can be absent
from an object without affecting its validity and we know a default
value to assign in that case. If the key and value are mandatory,
use .:
instead.
Example usage:
v1 <- o.:?
"opt_field_with_dfl" .!= "default_val" v2 <- o.:
"mandatory_field" v3 <- o.:?
"opt_field2"
With helpers (since 0.8.23)
withObject :: String -> (Object -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #
applies withObject
expected f valuef
to the Object
when value
is an Object
and fails using
otherwise.typeMismatch
expected
withText :: String -> (Text -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #
applies withText
expected f valuef
to the Text
when value
is a
String
and fails using
otherwise.typeMismatch
expected
withArray :: String -> (Array -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #
applies withArray
expected f valuef
to the Array
when value
is
an Array
and fails using
otherwise.typeMismatch
expected
withScientific :: String -> (Scientific -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #
applies withScientific
expected f valuef
to the Scientific
number
when value
is a Number
and fails using
otherwise.
.
Warning: If you are converting from a scientific to an unbounded
type such as typeMismatch
expectedInteger
you may want to add a restriction on the
size of the exponent (see withBoundedScientific
) to prevent
malicious input from filling up the memory of the target system.
withBool :: String -> (Bool -> Parser a) -> Value -> Parser a #
applies withBool
expected f valuef
to the Bool
when value
is a
Bool
and fails using
otherwise.typeMismatch
expected
Parsing
parseMonad :: Monad m => (a -> Parser b) -> a -> m b Source #
parseEither :: (a -> Parser b) -> a -> Either String b #
Classes
A type that can be converted to JSON.
Instances in general must specify toJSON
and should (but don't need
to) specify toEncoding
.
An example type and instance:
-- Allow ourselves to writeText
literals. {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} data Coord = Coord { x :: Double, y :: Double } instanceToJSON
Coord wheretoJSON
(Coord x y) =object
["x".=
x, "y".=
y]toEncoding
(Coord x y) =pairs
("x".=
x<>
"y".=
y)
Instead of manually writing your ToJSON
instance, there are two options
to do it automatically:
- Data.Aeson.TH provides Template Haskell functions which will derive an instance at compile time. The generated instance is optimized for your type so it will probably be more efficient than the following option.
- The compiler can provide a default generic implementation for
toJSON
.
To use the second, simply add a deriving
clause to your
datatype and declare a Generic
ToJSON
instance. If you require nothing other than
defaultOptions
, it is sufficient to write (and this is the only
alternative where the default toJSON
implementation is sufficient):
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-} import GHC.Generics data Coord = Coord { x :: Double, y :: Double } derivingGeneric
instanceToJSON
Coord wheretoEncoding
=genericToEncoding
defaultOptions
If on the other hand you wish to customize the generic decoding, you have to implement both methods:
customOptions =defaultOptions
{fieldLabelModifier
=map
toUpper
} instanceToJSON
Coord wheretoJSON
=genericToJSON
customOptionstoEncoding
=genericToEncoding
customOptions
Previous versions of this library only had the toJSON
method. Adding
toEncoding
had two reasons:
- toEncoding is more efficient for the common case that the output of
toJSON
is directly serialized to aByteString
. Further, expressing either method in terms of the other would be non-optimal. - The choice of defaults allows a smooth transition for existing users:
Existing instances that do not define
toEncoding
still compile and have the correct semantics. This is ensured by making the default implementation oftoEncoding
usetoJSON
. This produces correct results, but since it performs an intermediate conversion to aValue
, it will be less efficient than directly emitting anEncoding
. (this also means that specifying nothing more thaninstance ToJSON Coord
would be sufficient as a generically decoding instance, but there probably exists no good reason to not specifytoEncoding
in new instances.)
Convert a Haskell value to a JSON-friendly intermediate type.
toEncoding :: a -> Encoding #
Encode a Haskell value as JSON.
The default implementation of this method creates an
intermediate Value
using toJSON
. This provides
source-level compatibility for people upgrading from older
versions of this library, but obviously offers no performance
advantage.
To benefit from direct encoding, you must provide an
implementation for this method. The easiest way to do so is by
having your types implement Generic
using the DeriveGeneric
extension, and then have GHC generate a method body as follows.
instanceToJSON
Coord wheretoEncoding
=genericToEncoding
defaultOptions
toJSONList :: [a] -> Value #
toEncodingList :: [a] -> Encoding #
Instances
A type that can be converted from JSON, with the possibility of failure.
In many cases, you can get the compiler to generate parsing code for you (see below). To begin, let's cover writing an instance by hand.
There are various reasons a conversion could fail. For example, an
Object
could be missing a required key, an Array
could be of
the wrong size, or a value could be of an incompatible type.
The basic ways to signal a failed conversion are as follows:
empty
andmzero
work, but are terse and uninformative;fail
yields a custom error message;typeMismatch
produces an informative message for cases when the value encountered is not of the expected type.
An example type and instance using typeMismatch
:
-- Allow ourselves to writeText
literals. {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} data Coord = Coord { x :: Double, y :: Double } instanceFromJSON
Coord whereparseJSON
(Object
v) = Coord<$>
v.:
"x"<*>
v.:
"y" -- We do not expect a non-Object
value here. -- We could usemzero
to fail, buttypeMismatch
-- gives a much more informative error message.parseJSON
invalid =typeMismatch
"Coord" invalid
For this common case of only being concerned with a single
type of JSON value, the functions withObject
, withNumber
, etc.
are provided. Their use is to be preferred when possible, since
they are more terse. Using withObject
, we can rewrite the above instance
(assuming the same language extension and data type) as:
instanceFromJSON
Coord whereparseJSON
=withObject
"Coord" $ \v -> Coord<$>
v.:
"x"<*>
v.:
"y"
Instead of manually writing your FromJSON
instance, there are two options
to do it automatically:
- Data.Aeson.TH provides Template Haskell functions which will derive an instance at compile time. The generated instance is optimized for your type so it will probably be more efficient than the following option.
- The compiler can provide a default generic implementation for
parseJSON
.
To use the second, simply add a deriving
clause to your
datatype and declare a Generic
FromJSON
instance for your datatype without giving
a definition for parseJSON
.
For example, the previous example can be simplified to just:
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-} import GHC.Generics data Coord = Coord { x :: Double, y :: Double } derivingGeneric
instanceFromJSON
Coord
The default implementation will be equivalent to
parseJSON =
; If you need different
options, you can customize the generic decoding by defining:genericParseJSON
defaultOptions
customOptions =defaultOptions
{fieldLabelModifier
=map
toUpper
} instanceFromJSON
Coord whereparseJSON
=genericParseJSON
customOptions
Instances
Custom encoding
isSpecialString :: Text -> Bool Source #
Determine whether a string must be quoted in YAML and can't appear as plain text.
Useful if you want to use setStringStyle
.
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
data EncodeOptions Source #
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
defaultEncodeOptions :: EncodeOptions Source #
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
setStringStyle :: (Text -> (Tag, Style)) -> EncodeOptions -> EncodeOptions Source #
Set the string style in the encoded YAML. This is a function that decides for each string the type of YAML string to output.
WARNING: You must ensure that special strings (like "yes"
/"no"
/"null"
/"1234"
) are not encoded with the Plain
style, because
then they will be decoded as boolean, null or numeric values. You can use isSpecialString
to detect them.
By default, strings are encoded as follows:
- Any string containing a newline character uses the
Literal
style - Otherwise, any special string (see
isSpecialString
) usesSingleQuoted
- Otherwise, use
Plain
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
setFormat :: FormatOptions -> EncodeOptions -> EncodeOptions Source #
Set the encoding formatting for the encoded YAML. By default, this is defaultFormatOptions
.
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
data FormatOptions Source #
Contains options relating to the formatting (indendation, width) of the YAML output.
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
defaultFormatOptions :: FormatOptions Source #
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
setWidth :: Maybe Int -> FormatOptions -> FormatOptions Source #
Set the maximum number of columns in the YAML output, or Nothing
for infinite. By default, the limit is 80 characters.
Since: yaml-0.10.2.0
Deprecated
decode :: FromJSON a => ByteString -> Maybe a Source #
Deprecated: Please use decodeEither or decodeThrow, which provide information on how the decode failed
decodeFile :: FromJSON a => FilePath -> IO (Maybe a) Source #
Deprecated: Please use decodeFileEither, which does not confused type-directed and runtime exceptions.
decodeEither :: FromJSON a => ByteString -> Either String a Source #
Deprecated: Please use decodeEither' or decodeThrow, which provide more useful failures