First-class type families

First-class type families are type-level functions that can be composed using higher-order functions.

The core of the idea is an extensible kind of "type-level expressions" and an open type family for evaluating such expressions.

type Exp (k :: Type) :: Type
type family Eval (e :: Exp k) :: k

This library provides that core foundation, and also exports basic first-class type families.

Example

For example, consider this simple type family:

type family   FromMaybe (a :: k) (m :: Maybe k) :: k
type instance FromMaybe a 'Nothing  = a
type instance FromMaybe a ('Just b) = b

With first-class-families (fcfs), it translates to a data declaration and instances for a single Eval family:

import Fcf

data FromMaybe :: k -> Maybe k -> Exp k
type instance Eval (FromMaybe a 'Nothing)  = a
type instance Eval (FromMaybe a ('Just b)) = b

That way, the FromMaybe constructor can be partially applied, and passed to higher-order fcfs such as Map:

Eval (Map (FromMaybe 0) '[ 'Just 1, 'Nothing ])  =  '[ 1, 0 ] :: [Nat]

Essential language extensions:

{-# LANGUAGE
    DataKinds,
    PolyKinds,
    TypeFamilies,
    TypeInType,
    TypeOperators,
    UndecidableInstances #-}

Overview

• Fcf.Core: definition of Exp and Eval.
• Fcf.Combinators: general combinators to compose first-class families.
• Fcf.Data.*: first-class families on common data types.
• Fcf.Class.*: overloaded first-class families.
• Fcf.Utils: miscellaneous.

The top-level module Fcf is a prelude to get acquainted with the library. For regular use, import what you need from the specialized modules above, preferably with explicit import lists.

import Fcf                       -- Simple but fragile

import Fcf.Class.Functor (FMap)  -- Explicit and robust

Features

Overloaded type families

Value-level functions can be overloaded using type classes. Type families---type-level functions---are open by design, so overloading is as easy as just declaring them with more general types.

data Map :: (a -> Exp b) -> f a -> Exp (f b)

-- Instances for f = []
type instance Eval (Map f '[]) = '[]
type instance Eval (Map f (x ': xs)) = Eval (f x) ': Eval (Map f xs)

-- Instances for f = Maybe
type instance Eval (Map f 'Nothing) = 'Nothing
type instance Eval (Map f ('Just x)) = 'Just (Eval (f x))

See also

• Haskell with only one type family
• Overloaded type families
• The singletons library

Contributions are welcome. Feel free to open an issue or make a PR on Github!